INSTITUTO SUPERIOR PEDAGOGICO

“CIUDAD DE SAN GABRIEL”

technologist: GARY JACOME

student:$TEVENTH ENRÍQUEZ

Level: 3ro “B”

SCHOOL YEAR:

2011- 2012

INFORMATIVE DATA:

Name: STEVENTH

Last name: ENRÍQUEZ MORILLO

City: TULCÁN

Address: RAFAEL ARELLANO AND BOYACA

Telephone: 062984749

Cellular:090925782

Birthdate: April 6, 1992

Age: 19 years

Level of study: superior

Marital status: single

Nationality: Ecuador

ABECEDARY

A B C D E F G H I J K L M

Ei be si di i ef yi eich ai yei kei el em

N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

En ou pi quiu er es ti you vi dobliu ex wai zet

Name in letters

S T E V E N T H

Es ti i vi i en ti eich

E N R I Q U E Z

I en er ai quiu you i zet

Personal Pronouns

En inglés no existe la forma "usted" o "ustedes" formal. Por lo tanto los nativos de la

lengua ni siquiera lo tienen conceptualizado como una forma aquí llamada "formal". Se

tiene que entender entonces que la forma masculina, femenina y neutra son lo mismo, lo

único que les diferencia es el género.

Además, ten en cuenta que en inglés sólo existe una forma para "tu" y "vosotros" - "you,"

excepto en la forma reflexiva que distingue entre el singular (yourself) y plural

(yourselves).

I AM ILL. YO ESTOY ENFERMO.

I AM EATING SOUP IN THE KITCHEN

I AM DOING SPINNING IN TEH GYM.

I AM CALLING MY MOTHER TO HER HOUSE.

I AM DOING MY HOMEWORK FOR TOMORROW ENGLISH CLASS

I AM PAINTING MY DOG.

YOU ARE TALL. TÚ ERES ALTO. / USTED ES ALTO.

YOU ARE STUDYING NOW.

YOU ARE BAD PERSON

YOU ARE SMALL

YOU ARE ANGRY

YOU ARESMALL

HE IS HANDSOME. ÉL ES GUAPO.

HE IS ALCOHOLIC

HE IS RESPONSIBLE

HE IS MESSY

HE IS HUNGRY

HE IS A PAINTER

SHE IS PRETTY. ELLA ES GUAPA.

SHE IS FAT

SHE IS PANSON

SHE IS A BITCH

SHE'S A GOSSIP

SHE IS A HYPOCRITE

IT IS COLD TODAY. HOY HACE FRÍO.

IT IS LION

IT IS MOUSE

IT IS CAT

IT IS CHIKEN

IT IS DOG

WE ARE TIRED. NOSOTROS ESTAMOS CANSADOS.

WE ARE PLAYING

WE ARE WALKING

WE ARE WORKING

WE ARE PEPEANDO

WE ARE SMOKING

YOU ARE ANGRY. VOSOTROS ESTÁIS ENFADADOS. USTEDES ESTÁN

ENFADADOS.

YOU ARE ANGRY.

YOU ARE ANGRY

YOU ARE FEUDING

YOU ARE LOOSE SOIL

YOU ARE VIOLATED

THEY ARE AT THE CINEMA. ELLOS ESTÁN EN EL CINE.

THEY ARE IN THE CAR

THEY ARE IN THE VILLAGE

THEY ARE IN THE BUN

THEY ARE IN THE HOUSE

THEY ARE IN THE ISPED

I CAN HELP YOU. (PUEDO AYUDARTE.)

I CAN KILL YOU

I CAN TEACH

I CAN GUIDE YOU

I CAN WORSHIP YOU

I CAN SING YOU

I CAN HATE YOU

CAN YOU SEE HIM? (¿PUEDES VERLE?)

CAN YOU SEE DREAM?

CAN YOU SEE SLEEPING?

CAN YOU SEE TO EAT?

CAN YOU SEE TEACHING?

CAN YOU SEE HOW TO SWIM?

CAN YOU SEE FLY?

HE IS GOING TO THE PARTY WITH US. (ESTA YENDO A LA FIESTA CON

NOSOTROS.)

HE IS GOING TO PLAY WITH US.

HE IS MARCHING TO WAR WITH US.

HE IS GOING TO DIVORCE US.

HE IS GOING TO THE DENTIST WITH US.

HE IS MARCHING TO THE RIGHT WITH US.

HE IS GOING TO COOK WITH US.

IT IS [THE LETTER] FOR YOU. (ES [LA CARTA] PARA TI.)

IT IS THE APPLEFOR YOU.

IT IS THE COATFOR YOU.

IT IS THE SHIRTFOR YOU.

IT IS THE BEERFOR YOU.

IT IS THE SNUFFFOR YOU.

PossessivePronouns

Los pronombres posesivos varían según el que posee y no según la cantidad poseída:

my book, your book, his book, our book, my books, your books, his books...

EJEMPLOS:

HIS BIKE IS RED. (SU BICICLETA ES ROJA.)

HIS DESKTOP IS GRAY

HIS SPEAKER ISLEAD

HIS PHONE IS WHITE

HIS CELL IS ORANGE

HIS MARKER IS VIOLET

MY HOUSE IS SMALL. (MI CASA ES PEQUEÑO.)

MY RIG IS SMALL

MY PRINTER IS BLACK

MY COMPUTER IS HIGH-TECH

MY BAG IS SPORTY

MY HOUSE IS MODERN

En función de pronombre:

Gramaticalmente funciona como un pronombre en función de complemento directo.

Siempre va al final de la oración.

El genitivo "-s" no se ha de confundir con los pronombres posesivos. Así podemos decir:

Her dress... (Su vestido...[de ella])

O podemos decir:

Andrea's dress... (El vestido de Andrea...)

En ambos casos expresamos un poseedor y un poseído, en este caso el vestido. En la

primera frase, el pronombre posesivo femenino "her" indica que tanto el hablante como el

oyente acaban de hacer referencia a la misma persona. En cambio en el segundo caso, el

hablante quiere dar a conocer el nombre del poseedor.

Siempre utilizamos el genitivo para referirnos a personas:

Paul's house... (La casa de Paul...)

Mary's bike... (La bicicleta de Maria...)

Cuando nos referimos a cosas o lugares utilizaremos la preposición "of":

The wheel of the bike... (La rueda de la bicicleta...)

Washington is the capital of the United States. (Washington es la capital de los Estados

Unidos.)

También podemos utilizar el genitivo a final de la oración que acostumbra a ser la respuesta

a una pregunta anterior. En estes casos no necesitamos el nombre.

Question (pregunta):

Whereis your sister? (¿Dónde está tu hermana?)

Answer (repuesta):

She is at my parent's. (Está en la casa de mis padres.)

Question (pregunta):

Whosehouseis this? (¿De quién es esta casa?)

Answer (repuesta):

ItisMichael's. (Es de Miguel.)

ADVERTENCE! Cuando el nombre de el poseedor termina en una "s", el genitivo se añade a final del

poseedor pero sólo añadiendo el apostrofe "-‘" y no la "-s" del genitivo.

Luis' house... (La casa de Luis....)

EJEMPLOS:

THIS HOUSE IS MINE. (ESTA CASA ES MÍA.)

THIS SHOE IS MINE

THIS JACKET IS MIA

THIS PORTFOLIO IS MINE

THIS PAINTING IS MINE

THIS SONG IS MINE

THIS DRESS IS HERS. (ESTE VESTIDO ES SUYO.)

THIS CLIP IS HERS.

THIS POOL IS HERS.

THIS STEREO IS HERS.

THIS TROPHY IS HERS.

THIS PICTURE IS HERS.

DemonstrativePronouns Es importante comenzar señalando que los pronombres pueden estar en singular o plural y

que pueden hacer referencia a la distancia:

This (Este/a/o)

That (Ese/a/o, aquél, aquello/a)

These (Estos/as)

Those (Esos/as, aquéllos/as)

EJEMPLOS:

SINGULAR AND HERE (SINGULAR Y AQUÍ):

I LIKE THIS CAR. (ME GUSTA ESTE COCHE.)

I LIKE THIS FURNITURE

I LIKE THIS BOOK

I LIKE THIS BACKPACK

I LIKE THIS DOG

I LIKE THIS WAR

PLURAL AND HERE (PLURAL Y AQUÍ):

I LIKE THESE CARS. (ME GUSTAN ESTOS COCHES.)

I LIKE THESE PARTNERS

I LIKE THESE JAILERS

I LIKE THESE CELLS

I LIKE THESE CIGARS

I LIKE THESE CRAZY

I LIKE THESE SUBJECTS

SINGULAR AND THERE (SINGULAR Y ALLÍ):

I LIKE THAT CAR. (ME GUSTA ESE COCHE.)

I LIKE THAT BEHAVIOR

I LIKE THAT DANCE

I LIKE THAT INSECURITY

I LIKE THAT TIE

I LIKE THAT FEAR

I LOVE THAT MOVIE

PLURAL AND THERE (PLURAL Y ALLÍ):

I LIKE THOSE CARS. (ME GUSTAN AQUELLOS COCHES.)

I LIKE THOSE LOW

I LIKE THOSE PLANTS

I LIKE THOSE FLASHES

I LIKE THOSE FISH

I LIKE THOSE DEPARTMENTS

I LIKE THOSE PRISONS

Podemos utilizarlos cuando nos presentamos a otra persona al otro lado de la línea

telefónica:

HELLO. THIS IS ALICIA. (HOLA.SOY ALICIA.)

HELLO. THIS IS ALBERTO

HELLO. THIS IS DIEGO

HELLO. THIS IS JORGE

HELLO. THIS IS DAVID

HELLO. THIS IS HUGO

O cuando no estamos seguros de con quién estamos hablando al otro lado de la línea o a

alguien que no vemos por que estamos en un sitio oscuro o en otra habitación:

PETER, IS THAT YOU? (¿ERES TU, PETER?)

MIREYA , IS THAT YOU?

ALFREDO, IS THAT YOU?

RENÉ , IS THAT YOU?

GEOVANY, IS THAT YOU?

LEONARDO , IS THAT YOU?

"This": También lo podemos utilizar cuando presentamos a personas:

LUCY, THIS IS MY FRIEND JILL. (LUCY, ESTA ES MI AMIGA JILL.)

MANUEL THIS IS MY MOTHER IGNACIO

DIEGO THIS IS MY FATHER ANTONIO

FRANCISCO THIS IS MY GRANDFATHER LEONIDAS

JERÓNIMO THIS IS MY GRANDMOTHER LIZARDO

JAVIER THIS IS MY COUSIN EMILIO

ANTONIO THIS IS MY NEIGHBOR GONZALO

"That": También lo podemos utilizar para referirnos a algo del pasado:

THAT PIZZA WAS DELICIOUS. (AQUELLA PIZZA ESTABA RIQUÍSIMA.)

THAT CONTEST WAS ENTERTAINING

THAT SMILE WAS WITH CARIES

THAT PAINTING WAS SAD

THAT POEM WAS TOUCHING

THAT HEART WAS BROKEN

THAT CEMETERY WAS HAUNTED

ReflexivePronouns

Los pronombres reflexivos se usan cuando el sujeto y el complemento del verbo son la

misma cosa:

EJEMPLOS:

I DID IT MYSELF. (LO HICE A MI MISMO.)

I LEARNED BY MYSELF

SWIM BY MYSELF

I WALKED BY MYSELF

I STUDIED BY MYSELF

I RESEARCHED FOR MYSELF

SHE TALKS TO HERSELF. (HABLA A SI MISMA.)

SAW HERSELF

HUGGED HERSELF

DANCED HERSELF

HELPED HERSELF

COMBED HERSELF

WE PAINTED THE HOUSE OURSELVES. (PINTAMOS LA CASA NOSOTROS

MISMOS.)

TOBACCO SMOKE OURSELVES

WE DRINK OURSELVES

HARD WORK OURSELVES

MUCH STUDY OURSELVES

CARS WE DRIVE OURSELVES

Los pronombres recíprocos se forman con las partículas "eachother." Esta forma no es

reflexiva sino es una forma recíproca. A diferencia del reflexivo, tenemos dos sujetos diferentes

que hablan el uno al otro, se miran el uno al otro, etc…. Nunca puede haber más de dos

personas.

John and Peter speak to each other everyday. (John y Peter se hablan cada día.)