book a ch 3 section 1- chemistry of living things
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TRANSCRIPT
Matter is anything that has mass and takes up space.
Matter is composed of very small particles called atoms. In nature, there are 92 different forms of matter that we call elements.
Atoms by Brainpop
There are 11 elements of which most living things are composed.
The most abundant element in the human body is oxygen.
The second most abundant element in the human body is carbon, and in third place is hydrogen. Together, these three elements make up 92% of a human being.
You are expected to memorize the symbols for the 11 elements that
make up most living things:
Element Symbol
Oxygen O
Carbon C
Hydrogen H
You are expected to memorize the symbols for the 11 elements that
make up most living things:
Element Symbol
Nitrogen N
Calcium Ca
Phosphorus P
You are expected to memorize the symbols for the 11 elements that
make up most living things:
Element Symbol
Potassium K
Sulfur S
Sodium Na
You are expected to memorize the symbols for the 11 elements that
make up most living things:
Element Symbol
Chlorine Cl
Magnesium Mg
Intro to Elements Clip
Atoms combine together to form most of the substances we observe in the world around us.
Compounds are formed when the atoms of two or more elements chemically joined together to form a new substance with very different propertiesproperties than the elements of which it is formed.
o The smallest piece of a compound is called a molecule
o Salt is an example of a compound. It is composed of an atom of sodium chemically “glued” to an atom of chlorine. Each of these NaCl units is called a molecule.
Compounds, continued…
o There are many compounds that are important to living things.
Mixtures are formed when two or more substances are mixed together but not chemically combined.
Each substance retains its ownown characteristics, and can be separated from each other by simple physical means.
The air in this room is a mixture of nitrogen, oxygen and small amounts of other gases. Compounds &
Mixtures Clip
Reading Chemical Formulas:
H2O
The letters tell you what elements make up the molecule…what are the elements in this molecule?
The little numbers to the right of the letters tell you HOW MANY ATOMS of each element. If there isn’t one, it just means that there is one atom of that element.
If there was a number in front of the formula, it would tell you how many MOLECULES of that substance there was:
4H2O
How many molecules of water are there here?
There are two types of compoundscompounds that are important to living things:
Organic and inorganic compounds
Organic compoundsOrganic compounds contain the element carbon.
There are 4 types of organic compounds that are important to living things:
Organic Compound
Composed of: Examples Function
Carbohydrate C, H, OSugarStarch
cellulose
Releases energyenergy for cells
Organic Compound
Composed of: Examples Function
Lipid C, H, OFatsOils
Waxes
Stores and releases MORE energy for cells
Cell membranes are made of lipids
Organic Compound
Composed of: Examples Function
Protein C, H, O, N enzymes Used to
build cell parts;
Made of smaller parts called amino acids
Where are proteins made in the cell…?
Organic Compound
Composed of: Examples Function
Nucleic Acid
C, H, O, N, P
DNA RNA
Stores hereditary informatio
n
Inorganic compounds are also important to living things. They DO NOT contain carbon.
Some examples include:
• water (formula: H2O)
• salt (formula: NaCl)Simple Chemistry Clip
Let’s Talk about one organic compound that is very important to living things…
Glucose is one of the most important molecules in biology. Here are some things you need to know about it:
The chemical formula for glucose is: CC66HH1212OO66
Glucose is manufactured in PLANTS in the process of PHOTOSYNTHESISPHOTOSYNTHESISAll cells (plants and animals) use glucose for the purpose of GETTING ENERGYGETTING ENERGY
Let’s Talk about one organic compound that is very important to living things…
• All energy in a glucose molecule is located in THE BONDSTHE BONDS.
• When the bonds of this molecule are broken, energy is released. This happens in the MITOCHONDRIAMITOCHONDRIA of the cell (the powerhouse organelle).