bonds
DESCRIPTION
Bonds. Ionic Covalent Hydrogen. Bonds. Ionic. Covalent. Share electrons Weaker than ionic 2 types Polar Nonpolar. Transfer electrons Form between ions (+/-). Polar Bonds. Unequal distribution of charge Water molecule. Nonpolar. Equal sharing of electrons. Hydrogen bonds. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Bonds](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062410/568165e5550346895dd90440/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Bonds• Ionic• Covalent• Hydrogen
![Page 2: Bonds](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062410/568165e5550346895dd90440/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
BondsIonic• Transfer electrons• Form between ions
(+/-)
Covalent• Share electrons• Weaker than ionic
• 2 types– Polar– Nonpolar
![Page 3: Bonds](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062410/568165e5550346895dd90440/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Polar Bonds• Unequal distribution of charge• Water molecule
![Page 4: Bonds](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062410/568165e5550346895dd90440/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Nonpolar• Equal sharing of electrons
![Page 5: Bonds](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062410/568165e5550346895dd90440/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Hydrogen bonds• Attraction
between positive hydrogen portion of one molecule…
• And negative portion of a second molecule
• Water molecules are bonded by hydrogen bonds
![Page 6: Bonds](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062410/568165e5550346895dd90440/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Properties of Water• Cohesion– Attractive force–Holds together– Due to H-bonding– ex: water sticking to
other water molecules-meniscus
![Page 7: Bonds](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062410/568165e5550346895dd90440/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Properties of Water• Surface
tension• Related to
cohesion• Due to H-
bonds• Cause water
to be pulled down into liquid
• “skin” on top of the water
• Water striders• http://www.yo
utube.com/watch?v=KSLUwmJOo_M
![Page 8: Bonds](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062410/568165e5550346895dd90440/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Properties of Water• Adhesion– Attractive
force between two different surfaces
– Ex: Water molecules and glass molecules
![Page 9: Bonds](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062410/568165e5550346895dd90440/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Properties of Water• Capillary action• Raising of liquid• Glass tube, water
will rise automatically
![Page 10: Bonds](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062410/568165e5550346895dd90440/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Acids and Bases
![Page 11: Bonds](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062410/568165e5550346895dd90440/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Acids:• Taste sour
• Contains H+, (the more H+, the stronger the acid)
• Very reactive
![Page 12: Bonds](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062410/568165e5550346895dd90440/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Properties of Bases:• Taste bitter
• Contains OH- (the more OH-, the stronger the base)
• Slippery when wet
![Page 13: Bonds](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062410/568165e5550346895dd90440/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Acids and Bases• If the number of H+ ions in a solution
is greater than number of OH- ions than the solution is an acid
• If the OH- ions are greater than the H+ ions than the solution is a base
![Page 14: Bonds](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062410/568165e5550346895dd90440/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
pH Scale
• Ranges from 0-14• Numbers 0-6 represent acids• 7 is neutral• Numbers 8-14 represent bases
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
strongest acid strongest base
![Page 15: Bonds](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062410/568165e5550346895dd90440/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
![Page 16: Bonds](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062410/568165e5550346895dd90440/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
![Page 17: Bonds](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062410/568165e5550346895dd90440/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
![Page 18: Bonds](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062410/568165e5550346895dd90440/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
pH ScaleAs you move from pH 0 to pH 14, the
concentration of H+ DECREASES (10 times each number)
As you move from pH 0 to pH 14, the concentration of OH- INCREASES (10 times each number)
Ex: A substance with pH3 is 100 times stronger acid than a substance with pH 5. A substance with pH 8 is 100 times weaker base than a substance with pH 10.
![Page 19: Bonds](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062410/568165e5550346895dd90440/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Buffer• Neutralize acids or bases • Keep the pH from large changes