The BoletalesBoletaceae,

Gomphidiaceae,Paxillaceae,

Coniophoraceae,Sclerodermataceae,and other gastroid

taxa

Characteristics of the “Boletaceae”(polyphyletic family)

• Fleshy tubed mushrooms, or gilled withinterwoven tube-like gills

• Moderate to large sized with bun-shaped pileus• Divergent gill(tube) trama• Often bruising: blue, red, black or green (pulvinic

acids, and others)• Usually with elongate spores• Usually ectomycorrhizal

Typical bolete spores

Boletoid clade(Boletus, Leccium,Tylopilus, Pulveroboletus, andothers)

Suilloid cladeSuillus, RhizopogonGomphidius, Chroogomphus, and others)

Gyrodontoid cladeScleroderma, Pisolithus, and others

Paxillus and ChalciporusConiophoraceae and wood decaying Paxillaceae

Boletus versus Suillus

• Tubes rounded, uniform• Cystidia of various types, but

not causing incrustations• Spores sometimes very long• Not slimy, and no veil• Stipe never glandular• Mushrooms moderate to

huge in size• With both hardwoods and

conifers

• Tubes angular, compound• Cystidia in clusters leaving

brown incrustation• Spores relatively short• Often slimy, and with a veil• Stipe often glandular• Mushrooms small to

moderate in size• With Pinaceae (2 known

exceptions)

Boletus edulis

Characteristics used to separatespecies

Boletus frostii

• Fresh color (tubes, pileus,stipe)

• Color changes• Stipe surface (reticulate?)• Habitat (host)• Spore size, color• Pileus cuticle• Cystidia types

Example of areticulate stipesurface

Found in someBoletus, Tylopilus,and Austroboletus

Photos from Bessette et al.

Boletus satanasred tube mouthsreticulate stipehuge bulbous stipe basewhitish pileus and stipeflesh changing blue

Photo from Arora

Photo from Bessette et al.

B. rubripeswhitish tan pileusred at base of stipeyellow at apex of stipeno reticulationbluingbitter taste

Photos from Bessette et al.

“Xerocomoid boletes”moderate size, velvety capstubes often compound andlarger

B. subtomentosus

B. ZelleriIn chrysenteron complex

Boletus mirabilis textured pileusdistinctive colorstriate stipeOften on well rotted stumpshuge spores!!

Photo from Arora

Leccinum

Stipe scabrous

Example of a scaberous stipesurface, found in Leccinum andrarely Tylopilus

the scabers are clusters ofcaulocystida

Photo from Bessette et al.

Calciporus

small to moderate-sizeOur species are brown withbright yellow at base of stipe,and have peppery tastes

C. piperatoides -changes blueon tubes

C. piperatus

Photos fromBessette et al.

Pulveroboletus ravenelliiBright yellow with a veil

Phylloporus - a gilled member of the boletoid clade

Photo fromBessette et al.

Paxillus involutus gr. photo from mykoweb

Gastroboletus a gastroid Boletus

Melanogaster

A hypogeousboletoid genus

And there are gasteroid taxa

Boletoid clade(Boletus, Leccium,Tylopilus, Pulveroboletus, andothers)

Suilloid cladeSuillus, RhizopogonGomphidius, Chroogomphus, and others)

Gyrodontoid cladeScleroderma, Pisolithus, and others

Paxillus and ChalciporusConiophoraceae and wood decaying Paxillaceae

The suilloidclade

Boletus versus Suillus• Tubes rounded, uniform• Cystidia of various types, but not

causing incrustations• Spores sometimes very long• Not slimy, and no veil• Stipe never glandular• Mushroom moderate to huge in

size• With both hardwoods and conifers

• Tubes angular, compound• Cystidia in clusters leaving brown

incrustation• Spores relatively short• Often slimy, and with a veil• Stipe often glandular• Mushroom small to moderate in

size• Wtih Pinaceae (2 known

exceptions)

Suillus cystidia

Suillus spore print colors

glandular and annulate stipe surfaces found in Suillus

Photos from Bessette et al.

Suillus pungens

Suillus brevipes

Suillus tomentosus

Photos fromBessette et al.

Suillus ponderosus and S.caerulescenstwo very common Douglas-firassociates

gelatinous orangish annulusS. ponderosus

dry white annulusS. caerulescens

Photo fromBessette et al.

Suillus lakei a distinctive Douglas-fir associate

Gomphidius smithii

Chroogomphus tomentosus

Gomphidius subroseus

Truncocolumella

Rhizopogon sp.suillus-like sporesno columellathey bounce

Boletoid clade(Boletus, Leccium,Tylopilus, Pulveroboletus, andothers)

Suilloid cladeSuillus, RhizopogonGomphidius, Chroogomphus, and others)

Gyrodontoid cladeScleroderma, Pisolithus, and others

Paxillus and ChalciporusConiophoraceae and wood decaying Paxillaceae

Gyroporus

Spores smallStipe hollow

Gyroporus cyanescens Gyroporus purpurescens

Scleroderma -A hard puffball, withdark, ornamentedspores

Related to Pisolithusand Gyroporus

Pisolithus -Spores initially in peridioles(rice crispies in tar)

twh5@axe.humboldt.edu

Boletoid clade(Boletus, Leccium,Tylopilus, Pulveroboletus, andothers)

Suilloid cladeSuillus, RhizopogonGomphidius, Chroogomphus, and others)

Gyrodontoid cladeScleroderma, Pisolithus, and others

Paxillus and ChalciporusConiophoraceae and wood decaying Paxillaceae

Tapinella (Paxillus) atrotomentosusBrown-spored, gills separable from pileusand with interweavings on wood causing a brown rot

Hygrophoropsis aurantiaca - “false chantharelle”White-spored, forked gillswith interweavings on wood causing a brown rot - photo from Mykoweb

Coniophora - a resupinate wood decay funguswith brown, bolete-like spores