BODY FLUID

Work done by:

Samia Kamal

Water present in body is body water. Water of the body together with its dissolved solute is called body fluid.

The distribution of total body water is as follows: Muscle (50%) Skin (20%) Blood (10%) Other organ (20%)

Total body water depends upon: Age Sex Degree of obesity

ROLE OF BODY WATER

Essential constituent of all cells Serves as transport medium of nutrient

& excretory products Acts as medium of cellular reaction Valuable solvent for vitamins, enzymes,

electrolytes, non-electrolytes, hormones, even fat soluble compounds

Maintain body heat Maintain form, & texture of tissue

WATER BALANCE Daily Intake of Water Fluids Ingested (liquids/water in diet) – 2100 ml From metabolism – 200 ml Net Intake = 2300 ml Daily output of Water Insensible (skin) – 350 ml Insensible (lungs) – 350 ml Sweat – 100 ml Feces – 100 ml Urine – 1400 ml Net Output = 2300 ml

FACTORS AFFECTING WATER BALANCE

Thirst mechanism Condition of kidney Temperature & humidity Endocrine glands Hypothalamus Electrolytes & water balance Diet

WATER BALANCE (2 TYPES)POSITIVE WATER BALANCE:

NEGATIVE WATER BALANCE:

Occurs during: Growing period Pregnancy Recovery from

disease Liver damage Hypothyroidism Using drugs(like

narcotics) Changes of dietary

habit

Occurs during: Vomitting, diarrhoea &

haemorrhage Burns Excessive salivation When intake of fluid is

restricted Unconscious state Hypofunction of adrenal

gland Because of many

diseases

NORMAL COMPOSITION OF BODY FLUID COMPARTMENTS APPROXIMATELY (MMOL/L)

Constituent

Plasma Interstitial fluid

Intracellular fluid

Na+ 142 145 12

K+ 4 4.1 150

Ca2+ 1-2 1-2 <10-6 mol/l*

Mg2+ 0.75-1.5

 2 2

Cl- 103 113 4

HCO3- 25 27 12

Protein 60  1 25

Sulphate 1 1 20

TYPES OF BODY FLUID INTRACELLULAR

FLUID:EXTRACELLULAR

FLUID: Fluids occupied inside the

cells. Intracellular fluid is found inside the bi-layered plasma membrane in which cellular organs are suspended & chemical reaction takes place.

Fluid in the spaces outside the cells Including interstitial fluid, plasma & transcellular fluid. of the body.

TRANSCELLULAR FLUID Specialized ECF or

another small compartment of

fluid. It is the fluid separated from plasma by

epithelium.This compartment

includes: Synovial fluid Peritonial fluid Pericardial fluid Intraocular fluid Cerebrospinal fluid

DISTRIBUTION OF FLUID COMPARTMENTS

COMPOSITION & FUNCTION OF ICF

Composition: Electrolytes, protein, cholesterol,

phospholipid,neutral fat.

Function of ICF: Provides fluid media within the cells for

chemical reaction Buffering action

COMPOSITION & FUNCTIONS ECFComposition : Electrolyte, Glucose, fatty acid, amino acids,Chemical messangers, oxygen & other nutrients,

urea.

Functions: Establishes the milieu interior Provides nutrients to the cells Removes metabolic waste materials from

immediate cellular environment It brings to the cells hormones that co-ordinate

the functions of widely separated cells Buffering action

MEASURING BODY FLUID

Volume of any fluid compartment can be measured by placing asubstance in the compartment by allowing it todisperse evenly & then measuring the extent towhich the substance become diluted. Then asample of the dispersed fluid is removed & the concentration of the substance is analyzed.

The formula of measuring total body fluid= volume×concentration of the test substance

injected concentration per ml of dispersed fluid

INDICATOR USED FOR MEASURMENT Manitol Thiosulfate Sucrose Inulin Radioactive sodium Radioactive chloride Radioactive iothalamate Thiocyanide Evans blue eye (T-1824) Radioactive iodine