Assessment and Planning of Effective Management of two MPAs in Sumatra Coast:

Sabang District MPA and Pulau Pieh National Marine Recreation Park

Ministry of Marine Affairs and FisheriesDirectorate General of Marine, Coasts and Small IslandsGovernment of the Republic of Indonesia

Indonesia’s Marine Protected Area Management Effectiveness within BOBLME

BOBLME MPA-WG Meeting – Penang, 11-12 February 2014

Background

• > 95,186 km coastline (globally 2nd longest)

• ± 17,504 islands

• 5.8 million square km EEZ (3x land area)

• Includes 37% of world’s total fish species

• Global center of marine biodiversity (e.g. > 70 genera of hard corals)

• 18% of world’s coral reefs and largest exporter of marine ornamentals in the world

• Law No 5/1990 on Conservation of Natural Resources and its Ecosystem

• Law No 31/2004 Jo Law No 45/2009 on Fisheries Management

• Law No 32/2004 on Regional Autonomy

• Law No 32/2009 on Environmental Management and Protection

• Law No 27/2007 on Integrated Coastal Zone and Small Island Management Law No. 1/2014

• Government Regulation No 68/1998 on Nature Reserves and Preservation areas

• Government Regulation No 60/2007 on Fishery Resources Conservation

• Some relevant Ministerial Decrees on MPA establishment and management

Per.17/Men/2008 MPA in Coastal and Small islandsPer.02/Men/2009 MPA Designation MechanismPer.30/Men/2010 Zoning and Management Plan

Kep.44/KP3K/2012 E-KKP3KKep.02/KP3K/2013 Boundary Marking of MPA

MPA initiative

National MPA

District-based MPA

MPA zoning system

Core Zone

Sustainable Fisheries Zone

Utilization zone

Other zones

to support sustainable

fisheries

to decentralize marine

resources management

to protect marine

biodiversity

to support sustainable

tourism

to support other

purposes4

“…degree to which management of a MPA has had a positive impact on the area’s biophysical resources and on the socio-economic and cultural aspects of the local community, which contribute to improving management performance”

Target\Year 2014 2020 2030

MMAF

Strategic Plan

Government

Commitment

CBD

Commitment

Size 15.5 Mio Ha

~ 5% of water

territory

20 Mio Ha

~ 6.5% of water

territory

10% of water

territory

~ 31 Mio Ha

Effective

Management4.5 Mio Ha 7 Mio Ha 10 Mio Ha

…to meet management objectives

INDONESIA MARINE PROTECTED AREAS

INDONESIA MARINE PROTECTED AREAS

No Conservation Areas Number of Area Area (Ha)

A Initiated by MOF 32 4,694,947.55

- Marine National Parks 7 4,043,541.30

- Marine Nature Recreation Parks 14 491,248.00

- Wildlife Reserves 5 5,678.25

- Marine Nature Preserves 6 154,480.00

B Initiated by Local

Governments and MMAF

99 11,069,263,30

- Marine National Park 1 3,521,130.01

- Marine Nature Reserve 3 445,630.00

- MarineRecreation Park 6 1,541,040,20

- District Marine Protected Area 89 5,561,463,09

Total 131 15,764,210.85

Source: MMAF, Dec 2013

Mid. Dev. Target (RPJM II): 15.5 Millions Ha by 2014; 20 Million Ha by 2020

INDONESIA MARINE PROTECTED AREAS

WITHIN BOBLME AREAS

Marine Protected Areas

Bengkalis

Aceh Besar

Aceh Jaya

Agam

Padang City

INDONESIA MARINE PROTECTED AREAS

WITHIN BOBLME

No Site Name Longitude LatitudeNational

DesignationInternational

StatusEstablished

Total Area (km2)

IUCN Category

Habitat Types Has Polygon

1Batang Gasan 99.97 -0.46 District Marine Conservation Area

2010 68.4 √

2Jorong Maligi 99.57 0.06 Local/District Marine Protected Area (KKLD)

2007 0.1 VI Mangrove habitat √

3Kepulauan Banyak 97.30 2.11 Marine Nature Recreational Park

1996 2275 V mangrove √

4Kepulauan Mentawai 99.33 -1.87 Local/District Marine Protected Area (KKLD)

2006/2012 1721.9 VI Coral reefs and mangrove habitat

√

5Nias 97.25 1.48 Local/District Marine Protected Area (KKLD)

2007 290 coral reefs, mangrove habitat

√

6Nias Selatan 98.23 -0.05 Local/District Marine Protected Area (KKLD)

2008 560 Tourism, fishery, coral reefs, mangrove habitat

√

7Pulau Penyu (Pesisir Selatan) District Marine Conservation Area

100.54 -1.55 District Marine Conservation Area

2003 7.33 V √

8Pulau Pieh 100.14 -0.95 Marine Recreation Park

2000 399 V Pieh Island, adjacent reefs. Coral reefs, ornamental fish, nyph swamp area, wetland

√

9Pulau Pinang, Siumat and Simanaha (Pisisi)

96.33 2.62 Local/District Marine Protected Area (KKLD)

2006 500 VI Coral reefs, mangroves, ornamental fish, protected fish species

√

10Pulau Pini Games Reserve 98.79 0.13 Game Reserve 1996 83.5 VI √

PA ?

INDONESIA MARINE PROTECTED AREAS

WITHIN BOBLME

No Site Name Longitude Latitude National DesignationInternational

StatusEstablished

Total Area (km2)

IUCN Category

Habitat Types Has Polygon

11Pulau Ujung, Pulau Tangah, Pulau Angso and Pulau Kasiak

100.08 -0.59 Local/District Marine Protected Area (KKLD)

2006/2010 115.25 VI Coral reefs, marine biota, turtle species

√

12Pulau Weh Sabang 95.24 5.89 Nature Recreation Park

1982 39 V Mangrove, coral reef, ornamental fish, protected fish species

√

13Sabang 95.30 5.83 Local/District Marine Protected Area (KKLD)

2010 32 VI √

14Serdang Bedagai 99.50 3.77 Local/District Marine Protected Area (KKLD)

2008 12.4 Coral reefs, turtle species

√

15Tapanuli Tengah 98.63 1.63 Local/District Marine Protected Area (KKLD)

2007 812.43 Tourism, fishery, coral reefs, mangrove habitat

√

16Aceh Besar Local/District Marine Protected Area (KKLD)

2010 1.75 VI -

17Aceh Jaya Local/District Marine Protected Area (KKLD)

2010 2.00 VI √

18Bengkalis Local/District Marine Protected Area (KKLD)

2010 407.418 I Terubuk: Tenualosa macrura (toli shad/hilsa))

v

19Agam Local/District Marine Protected Area (KKLD)

2012 0.1 VI -

20Kota Padang Local/District Marine Protected Area (KKLD)

2011 18 VI v

TOTAL MPA AREA : 7,351 KM2 735,100 HectaresKep. 59/Men/2011

Terubuk (Tenuolasa Macrura) Open-Close System

• August – Nov (13,14,15 and 16 Hijr calendar)• August – Nov (28,29,30 and 1 Hijr calendar)

CLOSED

Kep. 59/Men/2011

MPA Management Effectiveness

Anugerah E-KKP3K (E-MPA Awards) 2013: Favourite (1) and Learning (5) Awards: Sabang,

Sukabumi, Batang, Alor, Klungkung, Raja Ampat Aceleration Awards: 17 District MPA 13

TATA-KELOLA (GOVERNANCE)

BIOFISIK (BIOPHYSICAL)

SOSIO-EKONOMI (SOCIO-ECONOMIC)

FUNCTION FUNCTION

Basic principles of e-MPA

(effective MPA ~ EKKP3K)

Adaptive mgt

Scope: Macro and Micro

Main refs: Hockings et al. 2000, 2006; Pomeroy et al. 2004; Staub &

Hatziolos 2004; White et al. 2006; Carter et al. 2010; Min. Reg. 02/2009;

Min. Reg. 30/2010; Min. Reg. 17/2008

EVALUATION EFFECTIVENESS OF MARINE PROTECTED AREA MANAGEMENT IN INDONESIA

No. Criteria

16 Impact MPA mgt for community welfare

17 Sustainable Financing

MPA SUSTAIN

(SELF-RELIANT)

(5)

MPA Optimally Managed

(4)

MPA Managed @

Minimum

(3)

MPA Established

(2)

MPA

Initiated

(1)

1 Initiative proposal

2 Identification and inventarisation

3 Area designation

4 Management unit and staff

5 Management plan and zoning development

6 Infrastructures development

7 Budget allocation for management

8 Legalization of management plan and zoning

9 SOPs for management developed

10 Mgt operation based on mgt plan and zoning

11 MPA enactment by Minister

12 MPA boundaries marking13 Institutionalization

14 Ecosystem and resources management

15 Socio economic and culture mgt

(8)

(11)

(21)

(28)

(6)

(74)

Building block of e-MPA

16

Level

3. Green

2. Yellow

5. Gold

4. Blue

1. Red1-3 years?

3-5 years?

5-7 years?

7-10 years?

>10 years?

IMP

RO

VE

MA

NA

GEM

ENT

EFFE

CTI

VEN

ESS

Suraji et al., 2012

Pilot Sites for the Sustainable Fisheries

Management of the BOBLME Project

Sabang District MPA and Pulau Pieh National Marine Recreation Park

• To document management status of PulauPieh NMRP and Sabang District MPA.

• To measure management effectiveness levelas a basis for improving management of theseMPAs over time.

• Providing scientific information for adaptivemanagement in the future.

Objective

Sabang District MPA

Profile

• The east coast of Weh Island (Sabang) has relativelyhigher marine biodiversity, live coral cover, and reeffisheries resources compared to other areas adjacentto the island (WCS, 2007).

• Strong understanding and supports from localcommunity to marine conservation has led toestablishment of Sabang District MPA,

Sabang District MPA

• Sabang District MPA was reserved in 2010 by the Decree ofMayor of Sabang City No. 729/2010

• The total area of the MPA is 3,207.98 Hectares, comprises of:– Core Zones (65.06 Hectares),

– Limited Utilization Zone (113.42 Hectares), and

– Sustainable Fisheries Zone (3,029.50 Hectares).

• MPA management body was formed and legalized by theHead of District Marine Affairs and Fisheries Office Decree No.538/10/2012

• Designated, Enacted by Minister of marine Affairs andFisheries 57/Kepmen-KP/2013, dated on 18 December 2013

Sabang MPA Zoning Plan

Ecological ConditionsH

ard

Co

ral C

ove

r %

Live coral cover from 2009 to 2011 by management type in Weh Island (Muttaqin et al. 2011)

Management Type 2009 2010 2011

Sabang MPA 58.8 58,0 44.9

Iboih Recreation Park 40.2 38.7 34.6

Open access 42.5 47.3 46.1

• Natural factors causing damage to coral reefs include tsunami in 2004 and coral bleaching event in 2010

• Human activities inflicting damage include coastal development and the use of environmentally destructive fishing activities, such as Japanese trawl, purse seine, and cyanide.

• high demand and consumption for reef fish in Weh Island has been causing high pressure toward reef fish populations

• increasing number of fishing fleets was also other factor that could potentially lead to over-exploitation to the reef fish resources.

• Increasing visitations of tourists to east coast of Weh Island,The quality of the beaches has been decreased due to presence of unmanaged garbage

Issues on Sabang District MPA Management

ASSESSMENT PROCESS: SABANG District MPA

Workshop to assess management effectiveness of Sabang District MPA was held in capital ofAceh Province, Banda Aceh, on 12-13 June 2013

1

2 The workshop 30 participants and 6 facilitators attended the workshop

Assessment results of management effectiveness of Sabang District MPA

Ranking No. of Question No. of YES answer Percentage

Red 8 8 100%

Yellow 11 11 100%

Green 21 11 52%

Blue 28 4 14%

Gold 6 0 0%

Status E-KKP3K:YELLOW

Green 52%

Recomendation

• The management unit should improve the capacity of management functions, in this case surveillance, resource monitoring, and socio-economic and cultural monitoring.

• The management unit should develop Standard Operational Procedure (SOP) for office administration and financial management.

• The management unit should develop SOP for minimum facility and infrastructure.

• The management unit should develop SOP for and implementation of institutional strengthening, join patrol, resource management, and socio-economic and cultural strengthening.

To improve management effectiveness level of Sabang District MPA towards 100% of GREEN level, the following are recommended

Pulau Pieh National Marine Recreation Park

Pulau Pieh NRMP

• Pulau Pieh NMRP is located in West Sumatra Provinceand under jurisdiction of three districts, i.e. Padang City,Pariaman City, and Padang Pariaman District

• The Minister of Marine Affairs and Fisheries designatedPulau Pieh and the surrounding areas as National MarineRecreation Park through Decree No. KEP.70/MEN/2009.

• The Recreation Park, which covers an area of 39,900Hectares, is home of various protected species such asturtles, sharks, whales, dolphins, and giant clam.

Pulau Pieh NMRP Zoning Plan

Ecological Conditions

LocationLive coral cover Category

2010 2011 2010 2011

Pulau Bando 43,45% 48,1 % Damage Damage

Pulau Pieh 22,48% 31,2 % Severely Damage Damage

Pulau Pandan 19,23% 26,8 % Severely Damage Damage

Pulau Air 16,66% 26,0 % Severely Damage Damage

Pulau Toran 18,59% 28,0 % Severely Damage Damage

Issues of Pulau Pieh NMRP management

There are several major issues that influence effective management of Pulau PiehNMRP.

• Coral reef degradation

• Exploitation of protected marine species

• Conversion of island’s habitats

• Natural disaster

• Beach erosion

• Infrastructure limitation for MPA management

• Community awareness

ASSESSMENT PROCESS: PULAU PIEH National Marine Recreation Park

Workshop to assess management effectiveness of Pulau Pieh NMRP was held in Padang, the capital of West Sumatra Province, on 15-16 July 2013.

1

2 The workshop was attended by 28 participants and 5 facilitators

Assessment results of management effectiveness of Pulau Pieh National Marine Recreation Park

Ranking No. of

Question

No. of YES

answer

Percentage

Red 8 8 100%

Yellow 11 11 100%

Green 21 12 43%

Blue 28 4 8%

Gold 6 0 0%

Status E-KKP3K:YELLOW

Green 43%

Recomendation

• The management unit should achieve adequate number and qualifications of MPA managers

• The management unit should meet adequate facilities and infrastructure to support MPA management

• The management unit should legalize the management and zoning plan document.

• The management unit should prepare for Standard Operational Procedure (SOP) for office operational and MPA management

• The management unit should execute the management and zoning plans

To improve management effectiveness level of Pulau Pieh NMRP District MPA towards 100% of green level, the following are recommended

NEXT CHALLENGES

• Strenghtening Management Unit of MPAs• Developing Zoning and Management Plan of MPAs• Conduct Monitoring of Ecology, Econimic and Sosio-cultural• Support policies and guideline to improve management of MPAs• Ensure benefit of MPAs on Fisheries and Tourism• Collaborative Management• Community Empowerment• MPA Networks• Sustainable financing schemes to suport management of MPAs• Conservation management for Charismatic Species,

endangered and endemic aquatic species

• Evaluation of MPA Management Effectiveness to All MPA Within BOBLME • Pilot of Collaborative and MPA Networks Management for BOBLME

THANKYOU