Boat builders EH&S Regulatory Update

Nashville, TNDecember 5-7, 2005

John McKnight, Director Environmental &

Safety Compliance

Major Issues to Watch for 2006

• Deadline is Coming for MACT Compliance

Reports

• What’s Happening with Styrene?

• Evaporative Emissions Requirements for 2007

and beyond

What Is Styrene?

• Clear, colorless liquid

• Benzene ring compound

• Found naturally in fruits, such as strawberries

• Used in food packaging, electronics, tire manufacturing,

reinforced plastic manufacturing (i.e. boats)

What are the health effects of styrene?

How does OSHA & EPA consider styrene?

• OSHA– Material Safety Data Sheets– Permissible Exposure Limit

• EPA– Toxic Release Inventory– Hazardous Air Pollutant– Volatile Organic Compound– IRIS Database

U.S. EPA IRIS

• Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS)

• EPA electronic database which classifies health

hazard data on chemicals

• Styrene review (update) began in 1998

What does IRIS do?

• IRIS styrene assessment looks at non-cancer health effects as well as evaluating cancer potential

• IRIS report will include reevaluations of the inhalation reference concentration (RfC) number for styrene, as well as the oral reference dose (RfD) number

• Will also include EPA’s first formal carcinogenicity classification for styrene

2. Composition/Information on Ingredients

Ingredient CAS No Percent Hazardous --------------------------------------- ------------ ------------ --------- Styrene 100-42-5 90 - 100% Yes

3. Hazards IdentificationEmergency Overview -------------------------- DANGER! FLAMMABLE LIQUID AND VAPOR. HARMFUL IF SWALLOWED, INHALED OR ABSORBED THROUGH SKIN. CAUSES IRRITATION TO SKIN, EYES AND RESPIRATORY TRACT. AFFECTS CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM, LIVER AND REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM.

J.T. Baker SAF-T-DATA(tm) Ratings (Provided here for your convenience) ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Health Rating: 3 - Severe (Cancer Causing) Flammability Rating: 3 - Severe (Flammable) Reactivity Rating: 2 - Moderate Contact Rating: 2 - Moderate Lab Protective Equip: GOGGLES & SHIELD; LAB COAT & APRON; VENT HOOD; PROPER GLOVES; CLASS B EXTINGUISHER Storage Color Code: Red (Flammable) -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

What may change in 2007?

• EPA plans to update the IRIS database for

styrene

• Styrene could be listed as a suggested or

likely human carcinogen.

What would this mean to boat builders?

• Greater employee and neighbor concerns

• Lower fence line limits

• Residual risk

• State OSHA PEL

What is NMMA doing to assist boat builders?

• ACMA / NMMA / SIRC

• Talking to EPA

• SIRC PATG– Education information – Communication information

• Styrene Workshops

• www.styrene. org

Evaporative Emissions from Boat Fuel Systems

• What EPA is Planning to Propose

• Results of the NMMA Test Program– Carbon canisters– Fuel, Fill and Vent Hoses

• California 2007 SD/I fuel hose requirements

Evaporative Emissions from Boats

Refueling and spillage Diurnal, hot soak, and running loss

Permeation through fuel tank and hoses

Rulemaking Plans

• Scope– exhaust and evaporative emissions– gasoline-powered engines/vessels– build on 2002 NPRM

• Schedule– anticipate proposal this spring– final rule ~ 1 year later

• Marine Evaporative Emissions– tank permeation– hose permeation– diurnal breathing losses

Rulemaking Process

gather information

meet with stakeholdersPre-

Proposal

NPRM PublicComment

ImplementFRM

public hearing

written comment period

publish “Notice of Proposed Rulemaking”

publish “Final Rulemaking”

lead time

certification

Tank Permeation Control

• High Density Polyethylene (HDPE)– portable, PWC, and some installed fuel tanks– fluorination, sulfonation, Selar, multi-layer, alternative materials

• Cross-Link PE– installed fuel tanks (low volume production)– barrier coating, multi-layer roto-molding, alternative materials,

alternative constructions

• Fiberglass– built-in installed fuel tanks– multi-layer construction

• (Metal does not permeate)

Hose Permeation Control

• Multi-layer fuel hose– barriers used today in non-marine applications (Teflon, THV, FKM, etc.)– marine barrier hose available as well– can add barriers to current marine constructions– > 95% reduction in permeation possible

• EPA Evaluating contribution vs. cost

rubber

barrier layer

cover

reinforcement

Diurnal Breathing Loss Control

• Portable fuel tanks– currently have manual seal without pressure relief– could use self sealing caps (1 way valve)

• PWC– already have sealed systems with pressure relief valves– 1 psi ~ 50% reduction in-use from an open system

• Larger fuel tanks– carbon canister in vent line

> 60% reduction with passive purge

negligible back-pressure– other technologies include

bladder fuel tanks

active purge canisters

NMMA Summer 2005 Test Program

• Carbon Canister Safety and Durability Study

• Marine Hose Permeation Study– Fuel Hose– Fill Hose– Vent Hose

Test Cases

Boat Manufacturer Type Fuel Tank Volume Canister Volume Test Date(s)

Four Winns 17’ Open Bow 24 gallon 1.0 liter 8/25

Four Winns 18’ Open Bow 32 gallon 1.0 liter

Crestliner 17’ Open Boat 24 gallon 1.0 liter 9/20

Crestliner 18’ Open Boat 31 gallon 1.0 liter

Crestliner 23’ Pontoon 25 gallon 1.0 liter 9/20

Crestliner 23’ Pontoon 25 gallon 1.0 liter

Four Winns 19’ Open Bow 50 gallon 1.5 liter 8/25

Four Winns 21’ Open Bow 50 gallon 1.5 liter

Four Winns 27’ Cruiser 85 gallon 2.5 liter

Century 26’ Sportfisherman 150 gallon 4.0 liter 8/16

Century 26’ Offshore 150 gallon 4.0 liter

Grady White 23’ Offshore 150 gallon 4.0 liter 9/16

Grady White 30’ Offshore (2) 150 gallon 4.0 liter 8/4 & 9/15

Century 29’ Sportfisherman 300 gallon (2) 3.5 liter 9/7

BWC Apparatus

ButaneCylinder

VacuumPump

PurgeFlow meter

Butane Feed

Flow meter

Butane VentFlow meter

VentBubble Meter

TempMeter

Summary

• Testing showed no degradation in capacity due to moisture or liquid

gasoline exposure

• Regenerable carbon capacity was maintained throughout test

period

• Carbon capacity was unaffected by physical stresses associated

with marine use

• Carbon canisters did not affect performance of boats

Future Work

• Carbon canisters will be removed from boats and tested for

particle size distribution, heel analysis, and capacity

• Two canisters will remain on boats for long-term testing

SAE J 1527 (Marine Hoses) specifies a weight loss method for measuring permeation.

Our measurement configuration is shown below.

Liquid Hose

Grady White - MPI A1 3/8” ID

Yamaha

Four Winns

Tiara - Shields A1 ½” ID

Parker Advanced Material

Tempo B1

Feed Hose Gravimetric Permeation12" Long Specimen

0.3

3.03.6

4.14.9

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

Pe

rme

ati

on

- g

/m2

/da

y

Tempo ShieldMPIMPIExp.MPI

36.0

Standard - 15 g/m2/day

5 Months Exposure

Our Fill Hose test configuration is shown with the 5 gallon container half-full of Fuel

E10 is used.

Fill Hose

Grady White MPI Hard Wall A2 1 ½” ID

Yamaha

Four Winns

Tiara MPI Hard Wall A2 2” ID

Parker Advanced Material - NOVAFLEX

Fill Hose Gravimetric Permeation36" Long Specimen

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

Pe

rme

ati

on

- g

/m2

/da

y

NovaFlex MPI 1 1/2" D

0.3

4.24.04.03.9

Standard - 15 g/m2/day

5 Months Exposure

MPI 2" D MPI 1 1/2" D MPI 1 1/2" D

Our Vent Hose configuration is shown in the photo.

The drum is half-full of E10 fuel.

A canister with marine grade carbon is vented to atmosphere

Vent Hose

Grady White - Shield B-Acol B2

Four Winns

Yamaha

Tiara - Shield Fire-Acol A1

Crestliner - MPI A1

Parker - Advanced Material

Vent Hose Gravimetric Permeation32" Long Specimen

2.22.5 2.5

2.7 2.7

5.7

8.9

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

Perm

eati

on

- g

/m2/d

ay

Exp. ShieldParker Adv*MPI ShieldMPI MPI

5 Months Exposure*

* Initial Test on Parker Adv. - 40 days

Hose Permeation Summary

• Current hose appears to be meeting new standard

• Comparison tests of E10 and CE10 have been completed

• Similar results with CE 10, slightly higher, but still well below

15 g/m2