blockchain and bitcoin : a technical overview

1. The views expressed in this presentation are Mere Apne. Reference to any specific products, process ,or service do not necessarily constitute or imply endorsement, recommendation, or views of Min of Def or Govt All images used are for illustrative purposes only & Do not promote any specific product

2. OVERVIEW WHY,HOW,WHERE WHOS WHO? TECHNOLOGY CASE STUDY JAI HINDH SUMMARY

3. Paap se Dharti phati-phati-phati, Adharm se aasmaan, Atyachaar se kaanpi Insaaniyat, Raj kar rahe Haivaan ... Jinki hogi taqat apoorv, Jinka hoga nishana abhed, Joh karenge inka sarvanaash ... .woh kehlayenge Tridev

4. Name used by the unknown person or persons who designed BITCOIN and created its original reference implementation SATOSHI NAKAMOTO Kahan Gaya Usay Dhoondo

5. AS OF 10TH JUN 2017 1 BITCOIN IS WORTH 2907$ SO 1 BITCOIN IS 184951

6. ANONYMITY VS PSEUDONYMITY Mark TwainSamuel Clemens public key addresses similar in function to an email address, are used to send and receive Bitcoins and record transactions, as opposed to personally identifying information.

7. CRYPTOCURRENCY IS AN ATTEMPT TO BRING BACK A DECENTRALISED CURRENCY OF PEOPLE, ONE THAT IS NOT SUBJECT TO INFLATIONARY MOVES BY A CENTRAL BANK

8. Bitcoin is starting to come into its own as a Digital Currency, but the Blockchain Technology behind it could prove to be much more SIGNIFICANT

9. BASICALLY CHUNKS OF INFO THAT CAN BE USED TO MATHEMATICAL GUARANTEE ABOUT MESSAGES

10. Peer-to- Peer (P2P) network is created when two or more PCs are connected & share resources without going through a separate server computer

11. MERKLE TREE

12. Distributed Ledger is a Consensus of Replicated, Shared & Synchronized digital data geographically spread across multiple sites & countries

13. Type of Distributed Ledger, comprised of Unchangeable, Digitally Recorded Data in packages called BLOCKS TAMPER EVIDENT LEDGER

14. Linked list data structure, with each block containing a hash of the previous block

15. Proof Of Work Is A Piece Of Data Which Is Difficult To Produce But Easy For Others To Verify And Which Satisfies Certain Requirements Bitcoin Uses The Hashcash Proof Of Work System.

16. Each block is formed by a proof-of- work algorithms, through which consensus of this distributed system could be obtained via the longest possible chain

17. Mining is the process of writing pages (blocks) of Bitcoin transactions into the Bitcoin ledger, called The Bitcoin Blockchain, and getting rewarded with newly created bitcoins

18. https://anders.com/blockchain/blockchain.html

19. Thus blockchain provides the basis for the TRUSTLESS DISTRIBUTED SYSTEM

20. A block is an aggregated set of data Data is collected and processed to fit in a block through a process called MINING Each block could be identified using a Cryptographic Hash

21. Block will contain a hash of the previous block, so that blocks can form a chain from the first block ever (known as the Genesis Block) to the formed block

22. Every 10 minutes, all Bitcoin transactions taking place are bundled into a block These blocks linked through a timestamp signing, form a chain (blockchain), which goes back to the first block ever created (mined) The time stamping makes it impossible to alter any part of it once the network confirms it

23. These rules are inbuilt in the Bitcoin core software, which every node in the Bitcoin network runs. Before a new block is added to the blockchain, the Bitcoin network has to reach a consensus on based on predetermined rules

24. Data in a blockchain is internally consistent and immutable Each blocks hash is derived from the contents of the block Each block refers to the previous blocks hash, not a sequential number

25. THE LAST BITCOIN (PROBABLY 21 MILLIONTH COIN) WILL BE MINED IN THE YEAR 2140

26. 206 , 1670 ... . SHA .

27. BITCOIN MINING

28. A user for CONDUCTING TRANSACTIONS utilizing BITCOIN, he or she must first DOWNLOAD and setup a BITCOIN WALLET BITCOIN WALLET can show the total BALANCE of all BITCOINS it CONTROLS and let A USER PAY a specified AMOUNT

29. WALLET contains a USERS PRIVATE KEY, which ALLOWS FOR THE SPENDING of the BITCOINS, which are located in the BLOCK CHAIN Once wallet is INSTALLED & CONFIGURED, an ADDRESS is GENERATED which is SIMILAR to an E-MAIL or PHYSICAL ADDRESS

30. WALLET is basically the Bitcoin Equivalent of a Bank account. Allows to RECEIVE BITCOINS, STORE them, and then SEND them to others

31. Connected to the Internet or is online is said to be HOT Cold Wallets & Hot Wallets Cold is considered most Secure & suitable for Storing Large Amounts of bitcoins Hot is suitable for Frequently Accessed funds COLD implies it is Offline or Disconnected from the Internet

32. Designedto be downloaded & used on Laptops/PCs DESKTOPWALLETS Armory, Multibit, Msigna and Hiveto mention a FEW Easyto Access. Available for Different OS Windows, Mac OS and Ubuntu.

33. MOBILEWALLETS

34. ONLINEWEBWALLETS

35. PHYSICALWALLETS Once they are generated, you print them out on a piece of paper Paper Wallets can Securely hold your BITCOINS in Cold Storage form for a long time Bitaddress.org or Blockchain.info

36. BitcoinQt is the First ever built bitcoin CLIENT WALLET BITCOINCLIENTS WALLETS Original bitcoin wallet used by the Pioneers of the currency COMPUTERS installed with these wallets FORM PART OF THE CORE NETWORK & have access to all transactions on the blockchain

37. HARDWAREWALLETS

38. BITCOIN ARTIFACTS

39. They DONT EXIST ANYWHERE, even on a hard drive

40. When we say SOMEONE HAS BITCOINS & you look at a PARTICULAR BITCOIN ADDRESS, there are NO DIGITAL BITCOINS held AGAINST that ADDRESS BALANCE of any BITCOIN address ISNT HELD at that ADDRESS; one MUST RECONSTRUCT it by looking at the BLOCKCHAIN

41. Everyone on the NETWORK knows about a TRANSACTION and THE HISTORY OF A TRANSACTION can be TRACED BACK to the point where the BITCOINS were produced

42. Conduct a SEARCH based on BLOCK NUMBER, ADDRESS, BLOCK HASH, TRANSACTION HASH or PUBLIC KEY

43. BITCOIN-QT FOLDER STRUCTURE

44. BITCOIN-QT FOLDER STRUCTURE Blocks This subdirectory contains blockchain data and contains a blk.dat file and a blocks/index subdirectory. blk.dat stores actual Bitcoin blocks dumped in raw format. The blocks/index subdirectory is a database that contains metadata about all known blocks

45. Chainstate subdirectory- it is a database with a compact representation of all currently unspent transactions and some metadata about where the transactions originated BITCOIN-QT FOLDER STRUCTURE

46. LOCK FILE DEBUG.LOG PEERS.DAT WALLET.DAT BITCOIN-QT FOLDER STRUCTURE DB LOCK FILE EXTENSIVE LOGGING FILE PEER INFORMATION STORAGE FOR KEYS,TXN,METADATA etc

47. Private key of the suspect, they can search for that particular key on the Blockchain to Trace the purchases to other potential Suspects. investigator has the Bitcoin

48. BITCOIN FORENSIC ARTIFACT EXAMINATION Windows 7 Professional Multibit Bitcoin-Qt Bitminter Basic USB ASIC Bitcoin Gateway laptop ML6720 120 GB WD hard drive (4) USB ASIC Mining drives USB powered cooling fan 32 GB USB thumb drive

49. Utilizing the data from 344 transactions, Meiklejohn able to identify the owners of more than a million Bitcoin addresses Sarah Meiklejohn, a Bitcoin focused Computer Researcher Extensive Research in Bitcoin Blockchain Found that by looking blockchain an investigator can uncover who owns a Bitcoin addresses

50. Bitcoin transactions occur via a Network Connection, an investigator should seize any Physical Object that can connect to the Internet in addition to the hard drive COLLECTION OF BITCOIN ARTIFACTS

51. System Info Info about Logged users Registry Info Remnants of Chats Web browsing Activities Recent Communications Info from Cloud Services Decryption Keys for encrypted volumes mounted COLLECTION OF BITCOIN ARTIFACTS

52. Ulbricht Ross

53. SMART CONTRACTS are computer protocols that facilitate, verify, or enforce the negotiation or performance of a CONTRACT, or that make a contractual clause unnecessary. Smart contracts often EMULATE the logic of contractual clauses.

54. [email protected] https://about.me/anupam.tiwari