black history is american history bhm 2009

1

Black History IS American History

A Celebration of the African American Experience in America

By Orin Johnson, Instructional Designer Superior Court of California, County of San Francisco

Training Department

2

The Birth of Bondage Period

1600’s – 1890’s

Updated February 2009# 3

2 Advertisements for Slave SaleJuly 24, 1774

Vessel of Slaves & Atlantic Slave Routes

• 1619: The First African Slaves in America– The first Africans as slave labor are introduced in

America. A Dutch trader exchanges his cargo of 20 Africans for food in Jamestown Virginia, in August of 1619. It is believed that these Africans were sold into conditions similar to indentured servitude - a common practice in England and colonial America. The American slavery system became more developed and codified in its inhumane treatment around 1680.


• 1773: Phyllis Wheatley Poetry Published.– Phyllis Wheatley's poetry is published in "Poems on

Various Subjects Religion and Moral" in London and various magazines. It was the first book to be published that was authored by an African-American. Wheatley was subjected to an oral examination to test her knowledge and literacy because it was not believed that a Negro could write poetry. Among the group of examiners was John Hancock, a future signer of The Declaration of Independence.

Phyllis Wheatley (1753-1784)


• 1788: Abdul Rahman was captured– and sold into slavery in the South where he

as an African prince endured the unimaginable indignities and faced immeasurable odds.

– He managed to survive his long fall from royalty with character and integrity intact even as the "property" of a poor and nearly illiterate planter from Natchez, MS.

– Enslaved for 40 years he regained his freedom eventually returning to Africa where his royal status has since been acknowledged here and abroad.


• 1808: US bans the Import of Slaves.– The US bans the import of slaves,

but not the sale and practice of slavery.

– Ohio's original constitution outlawed slavery in 1802. Ohio also aggressively barred black immigration.

January 1, 2008 200th Anniversary of Slavery

Immigration Ban


• 1831: Nat Turner Slave Revolt.– Nat Turner, a slave and a preacher, leads a

short and bloody slave revolt in Southampton County, Virginia. Turner is later hanged and Virginia consequently institutes stricter slave laws.

• Also This Year:– William Lloyd Garrison begins publishing

the Liberator, a weekly paper that advocates the abolition of slavery.William Lloyd Garrison

(1805-1879)

Nat Turner executed 1831


• 1839: Amistad Slave ship Revolt.– Joseph Cinque (born Sengbe Pieh)

leads 37 African slaves in a revolt aboard the Amistad slave ship, killing the captain and taking control of the ship. The ship is later recaptured by the U.S. The matter is tried in the Supreme Court, where it is ordered that the slaves be returned to Africa and freed.

Sengbe Pieh (1813-1879)

Pictorial of La Amistad Revolt – October 2, 1839

Watercolor of La Amistad


• 1846: Fredrick Douglas creates North Star.– Frederick Douglass launches an abolitionist

newspaper The North Star. Douglass escaped from slavery in 1838 by posing as a free black seaman on a train ride to the north and became an infamous speaker on the abolitionist lecture circuit and an important political figure. He served as president of the Freedman's Savings Bank during Reconstruction and penned his autobiography "Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass" in 1845.Frederick Douglas

(1818-1895)


Harriett Tubman (1820-1913)

• 1849: Harriett Tubman escapes Slavery.– Harriet Tubman, born Araminta Ross

escapes from slavery and becomes one of the most celebrated and effective leaders of the Underground Railroad. Harriet Tubman will guide hundreds of slaves to freedom before and during the war. She was never captured while rescuing slaves and as she was quoted she "never lost a passenger".


• 1850: The Underground Railroad Begins.– The Underground Railroad is started by William

Still. It is a network of secret routes, way-stations, safe havens and meeting points in which thousands of African-Americans will escape from slavery in the south. Some routes on the Underground Railroad traveled as far north as Canada and as far south as Mexico.

– Levi Coffin, a Quaker abolitionist was referred to as the "President of the Underground Railroad," by a slave catcher is credited with helping more than 3,000 slaves find freedom by maintaining his home in Newport, Ind., as a haven on the Underground Railroad. Map of Underground Railroad Routes

Canadian monument to the Underground Railroad

Levi Coffin, (1798 – 1877)


• 1851: Sojourner Truth Delivers speech “Ain’t I a Woman”– Truth delivered her best-known speech in

1851 at the Ohio Women's Rights Convention. The speech has become known as Ain't I a Woman? after a slogan she adopted from one of the most famous abolitionist images, that of a kneeling female slave with the caption "Am I Not a Woman and a Sister?"

Sojourner Truth (c.1797–1883)

Truth’s carte de visited. Sold to raise money.

Anti-slavery medallion of the late 18th century.


• 1852: Uncle Tom’s Cabin Published.– "Uncle Tom's Cabin” is published by Harriet

Beecher Stowe, a white abolitionist. It is the first major American novel to feature an African-American hero and becomes one of the most influential works to stir anti-slavery sentiments by shedding light on the horrors of slavery. Uncle Tom's Cabin is the best-selling novel of the 19th century and the second best-selling novel of the century, with the Bible holding steady at number one.

An initial publication of “Uncle Tom’s Cabin”


Dred Scott (1795-1858)

• 1857: The Dred Scott Decision.– Dred Scott appeals to the U.S. Supreme

Court for his freedom, arguing that during his travels with his master he had been living in free states in the Dred Scott vs. Sanford case. Scott was unsuccessful and as a result the Court ordered that slaves could not be citizens and therefore did not have the right to bring a case to court. The case is also known as the "Dred Scott Decision."


• 1861: The Civil War Begins.– The Civil War begins when South Carolina,

Mississippi, Florida, Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana, and Texas secede from the Union and form the Confederate States of America with Jefferson Davis as their president. Later in the year Arkansas, Tennessee, North Carolina and Virginia join them. Virginia was divided up - with the eastern portion seceding to the Confederacy and West Virginia remaining with the Union. It is the bloodiest war in American history, being fought entirely on American soil and resulting in the death of about 600,000.

Pictorial representation of the Civil War (1861-1865)


A Reproduction of the Emancipation Proclamation

• 1863: The Emancipation Proclamation Issued.– Abraham Lincoln issues the

Emancipation Proclamation, a presidential order declaring the freedom of the slaves and makes the end of slavery a major goal of the Civil War. It was issued in two parts -the preliminary document on September 22, 1862 and the second on January 1st, 1863.


• 1865: Civil War Ends/Lincoln Assassinated.– In 1865 the Civil War ends and the 13th

Amendment to the Constitution abolishes slavery. Abraham Lincoln is assassinated by John Wilkes Booth, an actor and Confederate spy, during a play at Ford's Theatre.

• Also This Year:– The Reconstruction Era begins, a 12 year span

where important laws and gains were made to improve the lives of newly freed slaves.

– Congress establishes The Freedmen's Bureau to protect the rights of newly emancipated slaves.

– In 1865, southern states passed Black Codes, laws to restrict the civil rights and liberties of newly freed African-Americans.

Abraham Lincoln (1809 – 1865)16th President of the United States


• 1866-1875 Civil Rights Act Passed.– Civil Rights Act of 1866 sought to protect freedmen

and grant full citizenship to those born on U.S. soil, except Indians.

– Civil Rights Act of 1871 also known as the "Ku Klux Klan Act" sought to protect southern blacks from the KKK by providing a civil remedy for abuses then being committed in the south.

– Civil Rights Act of 1875 guaranteed blacks the same treatment as whites in certain public places. This bill was ruled unconstitutional by the Civil Rights Cases. Subsequently legislation has used the interstate commerce clause as the basis for legislation.

Passed by the 39th United States

Congress1866, 1871 & 1875


Tuskegee Institute Campus (1916)

History Class at Tuskegee (1902)

Booker T. Washington (1856-1915)

• 1881: The Tuskegee Institute was Founded.– The Tuskegee institute is founded by former

slaves Lewis Adams and George W. Campbell under the leadership of Booker T. Washington as a teachers training school.


• 1896: Segregation Legalized.– The Supreme Court decides in the Plessy vs.

Ferguson case that "separate but equal" satisfies the 14th amendment which gives legal sanction to "Jim Crow" segregation laws.

• Also This Year:– George Washington Carver is appointed director

of agricultural research at Tuskegee Institute. His innovations with peanuts, soybeans and sweet potatoes, helped to revolutionize agriculture in the South. He received the NAACP Spingarn Medal in 1923.

George Washington Carver (1864-1943)

Plessy vs. Ferguson

a. April 30th 1896 d. May 18th 1896

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The Harlem Renaissance

Period 1900’s – 1940’s


• 1909: NAACP was Founded.– The National Association for the Advancement of

Colored People, NAACP, is founded by W.E.B Dubois, Ida B. Wells-Barnett, Henry Moscowitz , Mary White Covington, Oswald Garrison Villard, and William English Walling as an interracial organization.

– Its purpose "to promote equality of rights and to eradicate caste or race prejudice among the citizens of the United States; to advance the interest of colored citizens; to secure for them impartial suffrage; and to increase their opportunities for securing justice in the courts, education for the children, employment according to their ability and complete equality before law."

Founded February 12, 1909

Co-Founder NAACP W. E. B. Dubois (1868-1963)


• 1919: Harlem Renaissance Begins.– Harlem Renaissance marks a period

of almost fifteen years when some of the most important and prolific writers, artists and musicians such as Zora Neale Hurston, Langston Hughes, and Eugene O'Neill, to name a few, emerged in the African-American community and took up residence in New York's Harlem district.

Alain LeRoy Locke (1886 –1954) “Father of the Harlem Renaissance”

Zora Neale Hurston (1891-1960)

Langston Hughes (1902-1967)


• 1932: The Tuskegee Experiment Begins.– The Tuskegee Experiment, a forty year-

long experiment in which 399 African-American men infected with Syphilis, near Tuskegee, Alabama are denied treatment in order to study the effects of the disease begins. The experiment is leaked to the press by Peter Buxton, a Public Health Service investigator and is subsequently ended in 1972.

Tuskegee Group Clinicians

Subjects Administered Treatment


• 1941: Buddy Johnson begins career as composer – BHM 2009 Spotlight– Born Woodrow Wilson Johnson (January 10,

1915 – February 9, 1977) was an influential jazz and New York blues pianist and bandleader, active from the 1930s to the 1960s.

– His songs were initally performed by his sister Ella Johnson, until they increased in popularity and were covered by other artists becoming jazz standards.

Singles"Please, Mr. Johnson,” (1941). "In There,", (1941). "I'm My Baby's Boy," (1941). "Trilon Swing/Southern Exposure,"(1941). "I Still Love You," (1944). "That's the Stuff You Gotta Watch," (1944). "Opus Two," (1945). "Walk 'Em," (1945). "Li'l Dog," (1947). "Pullamo," (1947). "Shake 'em Up," (1950). "Stormy Weather," (1951). "Am I Blue?," (1951). "Till My Baby Comes Back," (1951). "Shufflin' and Rollin'," (1951).

AlbumsRock 'n Roll Stage Show, (1956). Buddy Johnson Wails, (1957). Swing Me, (1958). Rock and Roll with Buddy Johnson, (1958). Go Ahead and Rock and Roll, (1958). Buddy and Ella Johnson 1953-64, (1995). Rockin' n' Rollin' featuring Ella Johnson, ( 1995). Walk 'Em: Decca Sessions, (1996)


• 1945: Buddy Johnson’s most famous song “Since I Fell For YouSince I Fell For You” was penned– and was first popularized by Johnson and his

sister, Ella Johnson. – As a jazz standard it has been covered by

many artists even until this day. (See List)– Most notably, Lenny Welch performed a

version that reached #3 on the US Billboard HOT 100 Chart in 1963.

Eartha Kitt (1950) Lee Morgan (1957) Stanley Turrentine (1960) Dinah Washington (1961) Vince Guaraldi (1962) Lenny Welch (1963) biggest pop version, reaching # 3 on the U.S. Billboard Hot 100 chart. The Sonics (1966) The Rascals (1967)Barbra Streisand (1971) David Wiffen (1971) Bonnie Raitt (1971) Laura Lee (1972) Count Basie & Joe Turner (1974) Renée Geyer (1974; 1982) Charlie Rich (1976) Con Hunley (1979) Tom Waits (1979) Al Jarreau, Bob James, and David Sanborn (1986)*Nina Simone Natalie Cole and Reba McEntire (1993) Steve Turre (1995) Jennifer Garner (2002 Alias episode)

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The Civil Rights Period

1950’s – 1970’s


• 1954: Brown vs. Board of Education.– The Brown vs. Board of Education

of Topeka case, in which thirteen parents in Topeka, Kansas file a class action law suit against the Board of Education, results in the Supreme Court decision to outlaw segregation in public schools.George E.C. Hayes, Thurgood

Marshall, and James Nabrit, congratulating each other, following Supreme Court decision declaring

segregation unconstitutional

Brown vs. Board Eda. Dec. 9th 1952 re. Dec. 8th 1953d. May 17th 1954


• 1955: Rosa Parks Arrested.– Rosa Parks, a seamstress and

NAACP secretary, refuses to give up her seat to a white patron on a bus in Montgomery, Alabama. She is arrested and tried sparking a much publicized and highly organized year-long boycott of the Montgomery buses.

Rosa Parks Arrest (1955)


• 1957: Little Rock Nine Protected.– Nine African-American students

were prevented from attending Little Rock Central High School. Under protection of the U.S. Army they were admitted to the school but suffered physical and verbal abuse. After much conflict in the ensuing days the students finally entered the school without incident Wednesday September 25, 1957Little Rock Nine & Teacher - 1957


• 1960: SNCC Founded / Freedom Riders.– The SNCC The Student Nonviolent

Coordinating Committee is founded at Shaw University in Raleigh, N.C. with a grant of $800 from the SLCC, The Southern Christian Leadership Conference, with a purpose of organizing non-violent actions to combat racism and segregation. CORE - Freedom Riders Map

Greensboro Sit-In - 1960


March on Washington

August 28, 1963Dr. King gives famous “I Have a Dream” speech.

• 1963: March on Washington for Jobs & Freedom Occurs.– Over 200,000 people March on

Washington for Jobs and Freedom, convening at the Lincoln Memorial where Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. makes a famous speech about racial harmony that begins with "I have a dream…"


• 1965: Malcolm X Assassinated.– Malcolm X is assassinated on Feb. 21st 1965 at

the Audubon ballroom in Harlem, New York.

• Also This Year:– On March 7, 1965 Martin Luther King Jr. along

with the SCLC leads protestors in support of voting rights, across a bridge in Selma AL. and are attacked -police use tear gas, whips and clubs - it is remembered as Bloody Sunday.

– President Johnson -issues Executive Order 11246 in 1965 , which enforces Affirmative Action for the first time, asserting that civil rights laws alone are not enough to remedy discrimination.

Malcolm X(1925-1965)

MLK & Malcolm X

Malcolm X on a stretcher, en route from the Audubon Ballroom to

Columbia Presbyterian Hospital.


• 1966-1967: Thurgood Marshall Appointed to the Supreme Court.– In 1967 Thurgood Marshall, formerly an NAACP attorney,

is appointed to the Supreme Court becoming the first black justice.

• Also This Year:– In 1966 the Black Panther Party for Self-Defense is

founded by Huey Newton and Bobby Seale in Oakland Ca. – Kwanzaa, a week-long holiday honoring African heritage,

started by Dr. Maulana Karengais is first celebrated in Los Angeles, CA.

– Stokely Carmichael of the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) coins the phrase "black power" in a speech in Seattle on April 19th.

Thurgood Marshall

(1908-1993)

Black Panther

Party (1966)

Kwanzaa celebrated for the first time – Dec. (1966)


• 1968: Martin Luther King Jr. Assassinated.– Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. is

assassinated in Memphis TN. marking the end of the Civil Rights era. President Johnson signs the Civil rights Act of 1968, prohibiting discrimination in housing.

• Also This Year:– Shirley Chisholm becomes the first

African-American woman elected to Congress.

Martin Luther King (1929-1968)

MLK at Lorraine Motel April 4, 1968

Lorraine Motel & Museum Memphis, TN

MLK MemorialAtlanta, GA

Wife, Coretta at funeral


Shirley Chisholm (1924-2005)

• 1972: Shirley Chisholm makes bid for the Democratic nomination for President.– On January 23, 1972, she became the first major

party African American candidate for President of the United States. She won 162 delegates ultimately losing the nomination to South Dakota Senator George McGovern. Other women who ran in 1972 include Linda Jenness and Evelyn Reed.

37

The Great Achievements

Period 1980’s – 1990’s


• 1980: Robert Johnson Launches BET.– Robert L. Johnson launches Black

Entertainment Television (BET) on cable which airs in Washington DC - he later sells the cable station to Viacom and becomes the first African-American billionaire. WHMM-TV in Washington D.C. becomes the first African-American owned public broadcasting station in the U.S.

Robert L. Johnson (1946 -)


• 1984: Jesse Jackson makes bid for the Democratic nomination for President.– Jackson became the second African

American to campaign for President of the United States, as a Democrat in 1984. Former Vice President Walter Mondale won the nomination and made history choosing the first woman vice presidential candidate Geraldine Ferraro. He bids in 1988 as well.

• Also This Year– Jackson also organized the Rainbow

Coalition, that later merged, with the 1971 Operation PUSH he organized.

Jesse Jackson (1941 - )

Time Cover (1984)

Rainbow/PUSH Coalition (1996)


• 1986: Oprah Winfrey Debuts.– Oprah Winfrey becomes the first

African-American woman to host a nationally syndicated talk show when "The Oprah Winfrey Show" debuts.

• Also This Year:– Martin Luther King Jr. day is celebrated

as a national federal holiday in the U.S. The bill in favor of honoring King's birthday was originally introduced four days after his assassination in 1968 and was signed by Ronald Reagan in 1983.

Oprah Winfrey (1954 -)


• 1989: Colin Powell Appointed Chairman, Joint Chiefs of Staff.– General Colin Powell is appointed Chairman of the

Joint Chiefs of Staff, becoming the first African-American to achieve the highest military ranking in the U.S. Armed Forces.

• Also This Year:– Ronald H. Brown is elected as the first African-

American chair-person of the Democratic National Committee.

– Lawrence Douglas Wilder becomes the first elected African-American Governor. (Virginia)

Colin Powell (1937 -)

Ron H Brown (1941-1996)

L. Douglas Wilder (1931 -)


Clarence Thomas (1948 -)

Whoopi Goldberg (1955 -)

Rodney King (1965 -)

• 1991: Clarence Thomas Appointed to the Supreme Court.– Clarence Thomas is appointed Associate Justice of the

U.S. Supreme Court.

• Also This Year:– Whoopi Goldberg, an actress and comedian, wins an

Academy Award for her supporting role in the film "Ghost".

– Rodney King is beaten by four Los Angeles police officers, after being stopped for a speeding violation. The incident is captured on videotape by a bystander and is shown on national television sparking outrage.


Carol Moseley Braun (1947 -)

Mae Jemison (1956 -)

John Singleton (1968 -)

LA Riots (1992)

• 1992: Carol Moseley Braun is elected to the US Senate.– Carol Moseley Braun of Illinois becomes the first African-

American woman elected to the United States Senate.• Also This Year:

– Mae Jemison, astronaut on the Space Shuttle Endeavor becomes the first African-American woman to orbit space.

– A 23 year old John Singleton becomes the first African-American director and youngest person to be nominated for an Academy Award for best direction for his film, "Boyz N the Hood".

– Race riots erupt in South Central L.A. after a jury acquits four white police officers for the videotaped beating of Rodney King Jr.


Joycelyn Elders (1933 -)

Rita Dove (1952 -)

Toni Morrison (1931 -)

• 1993: Toni Morrison is Awarded the Nobel Peace Prize.– Toni Morrison is awarded the Nobel Prize

in Literature becoming the first African-American to win the highest literary honor in the world.

• Also this Year:– Dr. M. Joycelyn Elders becomes the first

African-American and the first woman to be named United States Surgeon General.

– Rita Dove is named Poet Laureate of the United States, becoming the youngest to hold that position.


• 1995: Million Man March Occurs.– The Million Man March, organized by

Louis Farrakhan, brings together thousands of African-Americans to the National Mall in Washington, D.C. for a day of unity and a show of strength of character. Despite the name, women are present both in the crowd and on the podium, including civil rights pioneer Rosa Parks.

• Also This Year– NASA astronaut Bernard Harris becomes

the first African-American to walk in space.

Million Man March October 16, 1995

Louis Farrakhan (1933 -)

Bernard Harris Jr. (1956 -)


• 1997: Holder Named Deputy Attorney General.– In 1997, Eric H. Holder Jr. was named by

President Clinton to be the Deputy Attorney General, the first African-American named to that post.

• 2009: Holder Sworn in as Attorney General– Mr. Holder was sworn in as the 82nd

Attorney General of the United States on February 3, 2009 by Vice-President Joe Biden. President Barack Obama announced his intention to nominate Mr. Holder on December 1, 2008.

Eric H. Holder (1951 - )

Holder sworn in February 3, 2009 as 82nd Attorney General of the United States

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/ae/HolderEric.jpg

47

The New Leadership

Period 2000’s – Today


• 2001: Colin Powell Appointed Secretary of State.– Colin Powell is appointed Secretary of State,

the becoming the first African-American to ever hold that position.

– Condoleezza Rice takes the position of National Security Advisor for the Bush administration. This is the first time either of these posts is held by an African-American.

– Robert Johnson becomes the first black billionaire in America in 2001.

Colin Powell (1937 -)

Condoleezza Rice (1954 -)


• 2002: Halle & Denzel win top honors at Academy Awards.– Halle Berry and Denzel Washington win

Academy Awards for best actress in "Monster's Ball" and best actor in "Training Day" respectively.

• Also This Year:– The Slavery Reparations Coordinating

Committee, led by prominent African-American lawyers and activists, announce plans to sue companies that profited from slavery.

Halle Berry (1966 -)

Denzel Washington (1954 -)


• 2004: Barack Obama Elected Senator.– Illinois State Senator Barack Obama is

elected to the United States Senate, becoming only the fifth African-American to serve in the U.S. Senate.

• Also This Year:– Phylicia Rashad wins a Tony Award for her

role in A Raisin in the Sun - the first time an African American woman wins for a dramatic leading role on Broadway.

Barack Obama (1961 -)

Phylicia Rashad (1948 -)


• 2005: Condoleezza Rice Appointed Secretary of State– Condoleezza Rice is appointed Secretary of State.

She is the first African-American woman, second African-American (after Powell), and second woman (after Madeleine Albright) to serve as Secretary of State.

• Also This Year:– Rosa Parks, a key figure in the civil rights

movement, dies at the age of 92 on October 24th.– The U.S. Postal Service issues a stamp in honor of

contralto singer, Marian Anderson.

Condoleezza Rice (1954-)

Marian Anderson

(1897-1993)

Rosa Parks (92)


• 2006: Coretta Scott King Dies.– Coretta Scott King, civil rights activist and

widow of Dr. Martin Luther King Jr., dies at the age of 78, on January 30th, 2006.

• Also This Year:– James Brown, the singer, songwriter and

entertainer commonly referred to as 'The Godfather of Soul' dies at the age of 67 on December 25th, 2006.

– Oprah Winfrey signs a $55 million 3-year contract with XM Satellite Radio for a new talk radio channel called 'Oprah and Friends' that began airing on September 25th 2006.

Coretta Scott King & Memorial (78)

James Brown & Memorial (67)


• 2007: Oprah Winfrey opens School in South Africa.– Oprah Winfrey opens the Oprah Winfrey

Leadership Academy for Girls in South Africa. It is a state-of-the-art 28-building, independent school that focuses on developing girls to become future leaders of South Africa.

• Also This Year:– Barack Obama, Junior U.S. Senator from

Illinois announces his bid for the 2008 U.S. Presidential election in February.

– As of the end of 2007, Robert Johnson & Oprah Winfrey are recognized as the two African American billionaires in The US, according to Forbes magazine.

Obama initiating bid for 2008 Democratic Nomination for President

Oprah opening school in S. Africa


• 2008: Obama Gains Support for the Democratic nomination for President.– In Super Tuesday elections (CA), February

5th 2008, Senator Obama was in close competition with Senator Hillary Clinton for the democratic nomination for president.

– The 2008 Democratic nomination made history as Obama became the first African American nominee in the race for the 2008 Presidential election.

Obama‘s ‘08 Campaign Trail

McCain the “Favorite” over HuckabeeRomney Dropped Out 2/7/08

The Republicans

McCain Huckabee

Clinton & Obama in“Close Race” As of 2/7/08.

The Democrats

Clinton Obama


• January 20th 2009 Barack Hussein Obama is inaugurated the 44th President of the United States.


• February 12, 2009 the NAACP Celebrated its 100th Year Anniversary– The NAACP Headquarters, based

in Baltimore, MD, along with its 1,700 units nationwide, will host celebrations and observances throughout the year ending with the 2010 Annual Convention highlighting the significant role the organization has played in leading social change in America.

• The Civil Rights Century: The NAACP at 100

• Founder’s Day Services Nationwide• The 40th Annual NAACP Image

Awards

• NAACP Annual Meeting

• NAACP Leadership Summit• Thurgood Marshal Day• NAACP 100th Annual Convention

CalendarCalendar


• Resources– African American Odyssey online at

http://lcweb2.loc.gov/ammem/aaohtml/exhibit/aointro.html Accessed February 5, 2008.

– Biography.com. Black History Timeline at http://www.biography.com/blackhistory/black-history-timeline.jsp Accessed January 31, 2008.

– Wikipedia The Free Encyclopedia online at http://en.wikipedia.org Accessed February 1, 2008

– Wikipedia, Free Online Encyclopedia Buddy Johnson at: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddy_Johnson Accessed January 9, 2009.

– Wikipedia, Free Online Encyclopedia “Since I Fell For You” at: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Since_I_Fell_for_You Accessed January 9, 2009.

– NAACP website at http://www.naacp.org/news/press/2008-12-03/index.htm Accessed January 27, 2009.

http://lcweb2.loc.gov/ammem/aaohtml/exhibit/aointro.html Accessed February 5

http://www.biography.com/blackhistory/black-history-timeline.jsp

http://en.wikipedia.org/

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddy_Johnson

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Since_I_Fell_for_You

http://www.naacp.org/news/press/2008-12-03/index.htm Accessed January 27

black history is american history bhm 2009

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