Birds of Queen’s University Biological Station

Mark A. Conboy and Paul R. Martin

Revised May 2009

Top left: First record of Boreal Owl (Aegolius funereus) at QUBS; Moores Tract; winter 2009; Photo: Mark A. Conboy. Top

right: American Tree Sparrow (Spizella arborea); Chaffey’s Lock; December 2007; Photo Paul R. Martin. Bottom right: Wild

Turkey (Meleagris gallopavo) chick; Bonwill Tract; June 2008; Photo: Mark A. Conboy. Bottom left: Wilson’s Snipe (Gallinago

delicate) nest; Bracken Tract; May 2008; Photo: Mark A. Conboy.

Queen’s University Biological Research Station (QUBS) and the Lake Opinicon region have

been the focus of ornithological research and amateur birdwatching for decades. Many scientists

and birders visit QUBS each spring to study and enjoy the station’s avifauna. The hundreds of

scientific publications and academic theses that have been published based on research

completed on QUBS birds span a wide range of taxa, and include intensive studies of Tree

Swallow, Black-capped Chickadee, Golden-winged Warbler, Yellow Warbler, Cerulean

Warbler, American Redstart, and Red-winged Blackbird. Among birders, species occurring near

the northern limits of their ranges are most commonly sought after, including Yellow-billed

Cuckoo, Red-bellied Woodpecker, Blue-gray Gnatcatcher, Yellow-throated Vireo, Golden-

winged Warbler, Prairie Warbler, Cerulean Warbler, and Louisiana Waterthrush.

Despite the importance of QUBS and its environs to professional and amateur ornithologists, a

comprehensive checklist of birds has never been widely available. In this annotated checklist we

have assembled all of the known species records for the QUBS properties and the surrounding

area including Westport, Newboro, Crosby, Chaffey’s Lock, and the lakes interspersed among

these communities. Future editions of the checklist will provide even more detailed information

about each species.

For each of the 251 species in this checklist we have included the scientific and common English

names, a status that describes the species occurrence at QUBS and some details that are chiefly

meant to elaborate on the status designations. Status categories are defined as follows:

Breeder – Known to breed at QUBS as evidenced by nests or fledglings.

Probable breeder – Suspected to breed at QUBS based on observations of the species at the

appropriate time of year in suitable habitat. No direct evidence of breeding such as nests or

fledglings has been found to date.

Possible breeder – May breed at QUBS but there is no evidence available to suggest it does so

at present.

Former breeder – Did breed at QUBS but no longer does. This category includes extinct

species.

Winterer – Is resident for the winter.

Year-round resident – found at QUBS all year long.

Migrant – Is not known to breed, but does occur as a migrant in spring, autumn or both.

Visitor – Is seen briefly during part of the year but does not breed and is not considered to be

resident.

Undetermined – Data lacking. More reports of these species will help us assign it a correct

status in future editions of this checklist. Please submit information on these species. See

below.

Hypothetical – Could possibly occur at QUBS but is not yet recorded. Reports of these species

are welcome. See below.

This checklist was compiled from observations of station users and visitors. Reports of additional

species are most welcome. Please report errors, omission, sightings information and suggested

status changes to Mark A. Conboy (7mc19@queenssu.ca).

Scientific Name Common Name Status Details

Gaviidae Loons

���� 1 Gavia immer Common Loon Breeder Nests and fledglings observed

Podicipedidae Grebes

���� 2 Podilymbus podiceps Pied-billed Grebe Probable breeder Breeding status needs confirmation

���� 3 Podiceps auritus Horned Grebe Hypothetical No records to date

���� 4 Podiceps grisegena Red-necked Grebe Migrant Lake Opinicon in May

Phalacrocoracidae Cormorants

���� 5 Phalacrocorax auritus Double-crested Cormorant

Visitor Late spring to early fall

Ardeidae Herons

���� 6 Botaurus lentiginosus American Bittern Probable breeder Observed during breeding season

���� 7 Ixobrychus exilis Least Bittern Former breeder Nests observed in 1980's (Phelan)

���� 8 Ardea herodias Great Blue Heron Breeder Nests and fledglings observed

���� 9 Ardea alba Great Egret Hypothetical No records to date

���� 10 Butorides virescens Green Heron Probable breeder Observed during breeding season, primarily near Newboro

���� 11 Nycticorax nycticorax Black-crowned Night-Heron

Visitor Sightings from QUBS Point and NE sanctuary, Lake Opinicon in late summer

Cathartidae New World Vultures

���� 12 Cathartes aura Turkey Vulture Probable breeder Breeding status requires confirmation

Anatidae Waterfowl

���� 13 Chen caerulescens Snow Goose Migrant Individuals migrating with flocks of Canada geese in spring

���� 14 Branta canadensis Canada Goose Breeder; winterer

Nests observed; most birds are probably descendents of early reintroduction efforts; overwinters at lock stations; very common migrant

���� 15 Branta bernicla Brant Migrant Late-May to early-June

���� 16 Cygnus buccinator Trumpeter Swan Possible breeder; winterer Reintroduced population; breeds at nearby Big Rideau Lake; regular in winter at Chaffey's Lock

���� 17 Cygnus columbianus Tundra Swan Hypothetical Expected as a migrant

���� 18 Aix sponsa Wood Duck Breeder; one winter record Nests observed; one male wintered at Chaffey's Lock in 2008/09

���� 19 Anas strepera Gadwall Migrant Lake Opinicon

���� 20 Anas americana American Wigeon Migrant May breed in very small numbers locally

���� 21 Anas rubripes American Black Duck Former probable breeder; migrant; winters

No recent breeding evidence; overwinters at lock stations; Anas platyrhynchos x rubripes hybrids reported

���� 22 Anas platyrhynchos Mallard Breeder; winterer Nests observed; frequently overwinters at lock stations; introduced

���� 23 Anas discors Blue-winged Teal Probable breeder Breeding status requires confirmation

���� 24 Anas clypeata Northern Shoveler Hypothetical Expected as a migrant

���� 25 Anas acuta Northern Pintail Hypothetical Expected as a migrant

���� 26 Anas carolinensis Green-winged Teal Migrant; one winter record One female wintered at Chaffey's Lock in 2008/09

���� 27 Aythya valisineria Canvasback Hypothetical Expected as a migrant

���� 28 Aythya americana Redhead Hypothetical Expected as a migrant

���� 29 Aythya collaris Ring-necked Duck Migrant Breeding status requires confirmation; very common migrant

���� 30 Aythya marila Greater Scaup Migrant Lake Opinicon

���� 31 Aythya affinis Lesser Scaup Migrant Large lakes

���� 32 Melanitta perspicillata Surf Scoter Migrant 3 on Buck Lake (16 Oct 2008, fide Good)

���� 33 Melanitta fusca White-winged Scoter Hypothetical Expected as a migrant

���� 34 Melanitta nigra Black Scoter Hypothetical Expected as a migrant

���� 35 Clangula hyemalis Long-tailed Duck Migrant Nocturnal flight calls can be heard in May

���� 36 Bucephala albeola Bufflehead Migrant; winterer Overwinters at lock stations

���� 37 Bucephala clangula Common Goldeneye Migrant; winterer Overwinters at lock stations

���� 38 Bucephala islandica Barrow's Goldeneye Hypothetical Potential vagrant, but not expected

���� 39 Lophodytes cucullatus Hooded Merganser Breeder Nests observed

���� 40 Mergus merganser Common Merganser Breeder; winterer Nests observed; overwinters at lock stations

���� 41 Mergus serrator Red-breasted Merganser Migrant Lake Opinicon

���� 42 Oxyura jamaicensis Ruddy Duck Hypothetical Expected as a migrant

Accipitridae Hawks and Eagles

���� 43 Pandion haliaetus Osprey Breeder Nests observed

���� 44 Haliaeetus leucocephalus

Bald Eagle Year-round visitor; former probable breeder

Recent nesting evidence on Sand Lake; can be common in winter

���� 45 Circus cyaneus Northern Harrier Migrant, possible breeder Pairs noted near Crosby in breeding season

(Conboy; also in 1990s); regular migrant

���� 46 Accipiter striatus Sharp-shinned Hawk Breeder; winterer Nest observed; regular through winter

���� 47 Accipiter cooperii Cooper's Hawk Migrant May overwinter; no breeding evidence to date

���� 48 Accipiter gentilis Northern Goshawk Year-round resident; breeder and migrant

Nest observed (Martin); observed during breeding season on Massassauga Tract

���� 49 Buteo lineatus Red-shouldered Hawk Breeder; occasional in winterer

Nests observed; sometimes observed into January in Eastern Ontario

���� 50 Buteo platypterus Broad-winged Hawk Breeder Nests observed

���� 51 Buteo jamaicensis Red-tailed Hawk Breeder; winterer Nest observed

���� 52 Buteo lagopus Rough-legged Hawk Hypothetical Expected as a migrant and in winter

���� 53 Aquila chrysaetos Golden Eagle Winterer and expected migrant

Rare at mammal carcasses

Falconidae Falcons

���� 54 Falco sparverius American Kestrel Possible breeder; migrant Mysteriously absent from the area during the breeding season; recorded along Opinicon road in spring and fall

���� 55 Falco columbarius Merlin Probable breeder; migrant Breeding status requires confirmation; regularly seen in spring and fall

���� 56 Falco peregrinus Peregrine Falcon Migrant One on Lake Opinicon, 5 May 2009 (Martin).

Phasianidae Fowl

���� 57 Phasianus colchicus Ring-necked Pheasant Former year-round resident

Occasional sightings Axis are probably from short-term populations of released birds; previously recorded from open habitats in region (Phelan)

���� 58 Bonasa umbellus Ruffed Grouse Year-round resident; breeder

Nests observed

���� 59 Meleagris gallopavo Wild Turkey Year-round resident; breeder

Nests observed; reintroduced population

Rallidae Rails and Allies

���� 60 Rallus elegans King Rail Rare breeder Adult with young observed at Bedford Mills from 9 to late July 2003 (Parsons in Weir 2008); no other records

���� 61 Rallus limicola Virginia Rail Breeder Adult with young observed (Di Labio)

���� 62 Porzana carolina Sora Probable breeder Breeding status requires confirmation

���� 63 Gallinula chloropus Common Moorhen Hypothetical Expected as a migrant

���� 64 Fulica americana American Coot Hypothetical Expected as a migrant

Gruidae Cranes

���� 65 Grus canadensis Sandhill Crane Migrant

Rare; a pair over Massassauga Tract in 2009 (Conboy) is the only recent sighting; one individual observed in late 1990s (Demmons)

Charadriidae Plovers

���� 66 Pluvialis squatarola Black-bellied Plover Hypothetical Expected as a migrant

���� 67 Charadrius semipalmatus

Semipalmated Plover Hypothetical Expected as a migrant

���� 68 Charadrius vociferus Killdeer Breeder Nests observed

Scolopacidae Sandpipers and Allies

���� 69 Tringa melanoleuca Greater Yellowlegs Migrant Mud flats and beaver ponds

���� 70 Tringa flavipes Lesser Yellowlegs Migrant Mud flats and beaver ponds

���� 71 Tringa solitaria Solitary Sandpiper Migrant Mud flats and beaver ponds

���� 72 Actitis macularia Spotted Sandpiper Probable breeder Requires confirmation; regular migrant

���� 73 Bartramia longicauda Upland Sandpiper Hypothetical Expected in open habitat; seen in open areas south of Perth Road Village

���� 74 Numenius phaeopus Whimbrel Hypothetical Expected as a migrant

���� 75 Arenaria interpres Ruddy Turnstone Hypothetical Expected as a migrant

���� 76 Calidris canutus Red Knot Hypothetical Expected as a migrant

���� 77 Calidris alba Sanderling Hypothetical Expected as a migrant

���� 78 Calidris pusilla Semipalmated Sandpiper Hypothetical Expected as a migrant

���� 79 Calidris minutilla Least Sandpiper Hypothetical Expected as a migrant

���� 80 Calidris fuscicollis White-rumped Sandpiper Hypothetical Expected as a migrant

���� 81 Calidris bairdii Baird's Sandpiper Hypothetical Expected as a migrant

���� 82 Calidris melanotos Pectoral Sandpiper Hypothetical Expected as a migrant

���� 83 Calidris alpina Dunlin Hypothetical Expected as a migrant

���� 84 Calidris himantopus Stilt Sandpiper Hypothetical Expected as a migrant

���� 85 Limnodromus griseus Short-billed Dowitcher Hypothetical Expected as a migrant

���� 86 Gallinago delicata Wilson's Snipe Breeder Nest observed (Conboy; Crossman)

���� 87 Scolopax minor American Woodcock Breeder Nests observed

���� 88 Phalaropus tricolor Wilson's Phalarope Hypothetical Expected as a migrant

���� 89 Phalaropus lobatus Red-necked Phalarope Hypothetical Expected as a migrant

Laridae Gulls and Terns

���� 90 Larus philadelphia Bonaparte's Gull Migrant Rare on Lake Opinicon

���� 91 Larus delawarensis Ring-billed Gull Visitor Spring to fall

���� 92 Larus argentatus Herring Gull Visitor Spring to fall

���� 93 Larus hyperboreus Glaucous Gull Hypothetical Expected in winter near lock stations

���� 94 Sterna caspia Caspian Tern Visitor Spring to fall; uncommon

���� 95 Sterna hirundo Common Tern Visitor Spring and summer; rare

���� 96 Chlidonias niger Black Tern Probable breeder

Found all summer in the Northeast Sanctuary, Lake Opinicon; observed in summer near SE end of Newboro Lake (across from Folly Scout Camp, early 1990s)

Columbidae Pigeons and Doves

���� 97 Columba livia Rock Pigeon Year-round resident; breeder

Nests observed at Chaffey's Lock and Massassauga Farm

���� 98 Zenaida macroura Mourning Dove Year-round resident; breeder

Nests observed

���� 99 Ectopistes migratorius Passenger Pigeon Historical probable breeder

One of the last breeding colonies in Canada was located near present-day QUBS

Cuculidae Cuckoos

���� 100 Coccyzus erythropthalmus

Black-billed Cuckoo Breeder Nest observed (Yezerinac)

���� 101 Coccyzus americanus Yellow-billed Cuckoo Breeder Nests observed (Robertson; Rohwer)

Strigidae Owls

���� 102 Megascops asio Eastern Screech-Owl Visitor Rare

���� 103 Bubo virginianus Great Horned Owl Year-round resident; breeder

Nests observed; uncommon

���� 104 Bubo scandiacus Snowy Owl Hypothetical Expected in winter

���� 105 Surnia ulula Northern Hawk-Owl Irregular visitor One record from Westport (winter, 1987-1988; Weir 2008).

���� 106 Strix varia Barred Owl Year-round resident; breeder

Nests observed; common

���� 107 Strix nebulosa Great Grey Owl Irregular visitor Late fall to spring

���� 108 Asio otus Long-eared Owl Possible breeder One bird found roosting on Massassauga Tract in 2009 (Conboy)

���� 109 Asio flammeus Short-eared Owl Hypothetical Unknown from area

���� 110 Aegolius funereus Boreal Owl Winterer One bird found on Moores Tract in 2009 (Conboy, Rohwer and Mallet)

���� 111 Aegolius acadicus Saw-whet Owl Migrant. Undetermined as a winterer or breeder

Occasionally heard along Indian Lake Road in early April (Conboy). Regular in spring and fall

Caprimulgidae Nightjars

���� 112 Chordeiles minor Common Nighthawk Probable breeder Breeding status requires confirmation; relatively uncommon

���� 113 Caprimulgus vociferous Whip-poor-will Breeder Nests observed

Apodidae Swifts

���� 114 Chaetura pelagica Chimney Swift Probable breeder Observed at Westport, Newboro, Elgin and over Lake Opinicon (Martin, Conboy); roosting sites unknown.

Trochilidae Hummingbirds

���� 115 Archilochus colubris Ruby-throated Hummingbird

Breeder Nests observed

Alcedinidae Kingfishers

���� 116 Ceryle alcyon Belted Kingfisher Breeder Nests observed

Picidae Woodpeckers

���� 117 Melanerpes erythrocephalus

Red-headed Woodpecker

Breeder Nests observed; rare

���� 118 Melanerpes carolinus Red-bellied Woodpecker Year-round resident; breeder

Small numbers; copulation observed in 2008 (Phelan)

���� 119 Sphyrapicus varius Yellow-bellied Sapsucker Breeder Nests observed

���� 120 Picoides pubescens Downy Woodpecker Year-round resident; breeder

Nests observed

���� 121 Picoides villosus Hairy Woodpecker Year-round resident; breeder

Nests observed

���� 122 Picoides dorsalis American Three-toed Woodpecker

Former breeder One nest in black spruce swamp on Opinicon Road in 1984 (Phelan)

���� 123 Picoides arcticus Black-backed Woodpecker

Visitor Fall through spring; rare

���� 124 Colaptes auritus Northern Flicker Breeder; occasional in winter

Nests observed; winter records from Massassauga Tract and Opinicon

���� 125 Dryocopus pileatus Pileated Woodpecker Year-round resident; breeder

Nests observed

Tyrannidae Tyrant flycatchers

���� 126 Contopus cooperi Olive-sided Flycatcher Hypothetical Expected as a migrant

���� 127 Contopus virens Eastern Wood-Pewee Probable breeder Requires confirmation

���� 128 Empidonax flaviventris Yellow-bellied Flycatcher Migrant Uncommon

���� 129 Empidonax virescens Acadian Flycatcher Vagrant One male observed singing on the Station Road, 6 June 1992 (Martin)

���� 130 Empidonax alnorum Alder Flycatcher Probable breeder Requires confirmation

���� 131 Empidonax traillii Willow Flycatcher Probable breeder Requires confirmation

���� 132 Empidonax minimus Least Flycatcher Breeder Nests observed

���� 133 Sayornis phoebe Eastern Phoebe Breeder Nests observed

���� 134 Myiarchus crinitus Great Crested Flycatcher Breeder Nests observed

���� 135 Tyrannus tyrannus Eastern Kingbird Breeder Nests observed

Laniidae Shrikes

���� 136 Lanius ludovicianus Loggerhead Shrike Hypothetical Expected as a migrant; may eventually breed

���� 137 Lanius excubitor Northern Shrike Visitor Late fall to early spring

Vireonidae Vireos

���� 138 Vireo gilvus Warbling Vireo Breeder Nests observed

���� 139 Vireo solitarius Blue-headed Vireo Breeder Nest observed on station point (1980s); observed during breeding season, especially on the Cape-Sauriol Tract

���� 140 Vireo flavifrons Yellow-throated Vireo Breeder Nests observed

���� 141 Vireo philadelphicus Philadelphia Vireo Migrant No evidence of breeding

���� 142 Vireo olivaceus Red-eyed Vireo Breeder Nests observed

Corvidae Corvids

���� 143 Perisoreus canadensis Gray Jay Hypothetical Expected during an irruption year, perhaps at bird feeders

���� 144 Cyanocitta cristata Blue Jay Year-round resident; breeder

Fledglings observed

���� 145 Corvus brachyrhynchos American Crow Year-round resident; probable breeder

Nests observed

���� 146 Corvus corax Common Raven Year-round resident; breeder

Nests observed (Robertson, Conboy)

Alaudidae Larks

���� 147 Eremophila alpestris Horned Lark Visitor Open, cultivated fields late fall to early spring; uncommon

Hirundinidae Swallows

���� 148 Progne subis Purple Martin Breeder Summer; may breed near Newboro; breeds at Westport

���� 149 Tachycineta bicolor Tree Swallow Breeder Nests observed

���� 150 Stelgidopteryx serripennis

Northern Rough-winged Swallow

Breeder Nest observed (Robertson)

���� 151 Riparia riparia Bank Swallow Hypothetical Expected to occur but has not been recorded to date

���� 152 Petrochelidon pyrrhonota

Cliff Swallow Hypothetical Expected to occur but has not yet been observed

���� 153 Hirundo rustica Barn Swallow Breeder Nests observed

Paridae Chickadees

���� 154 Poecile atricapilla Black-capped Chickadee Year-round resident; breeder

Nests observed

���� 155 Poecile hudsonica Boreal Chickadee Hypothetical Expected during an irruption year

Sittidae Nuthatches

���� 156 Sitta canadensis Red-breasted Nuthatch Year-round resident; breeder

Nests observed

���� 157 Sitta carolinensis White-breasted Nuthatch Year-round resident; breeder

Nests observed

Certhiidae Creepers

���� 158 Certhia americana Brown Creeper Year-round resident; breeder

Nests observed

Troglodytidae Wrens

���� 159 Thryothorus ludovicianus

Carolina Wren Vagrant One bird in early May 1991 on QUBS Point (many observers)

���� 160 Troglodytes aedon House Wren Breeder Nests observed

���� 161 Troglodytes troglodytes Winter Wren Probable breeder Requires confirmation

���� 162 Cistothorus platensis Sedge Wren Hypothetical Not yet recorded

���� 163 Cistothorus palustris Marsh Wren Probable breeder Requires confirmation; rare

Regulidae Kinglets

���� 164 Regulus satrapa Golden-crowned Kinglet Migrant Can be abundant

���� 165 Regulus calendula Ruby-crowned Kinglet Migrant Can be abundant

Sylviidae Old World Warblers

���� 166 Polioptila caerulea Blue-gray Gnatcatcher Breeder Nests observed

Turdidae Thrushes

���� 167 Sialia sialis Eastern Bluebird Breeder Nests observed

���� 168 Catharus fuscescens Veery Probable breeder Breeding status requires confirmation; local

���� 169 Catharus minimus Gray-cheeked Thrush Migrant Detected by nocturnal flight calls

���� 170 Catharus ustulatus Swainson's Thrush Migrant; may be a rare summer resident

Detected on June point counts (Conboy); singing male from May through July, Telephone Bay (1993, Martin)

���� 171 Catharus guttatus Hermit Thrush Probable breeder Breeding status requires confirmation

���� 172 Hylocichla mustelina Wood Thrush Breeder Nests observed

���� 173 Turdus migratorius American Robin Breeder; occasional in winter

Nests observed; small numbers observed in winter

Mimidae Mimics

���� 174 Dumetella carolinensis Gray Catbird Breeder Nests observed

���� 175 Mimus polyglottos Northern Mockingbird Vagrant One bird on June 1993, Opinicon Road (Conrad)

���� 176 Toxostoma rufum Brown Thrasher Breeder Nests observed (Conboy, Rohwer)

Sturnidae Starlings

���� 177 Sturnus vulgaris European Starling Year-round resident; breeder

Nests observed; introduced

Motacillidae Pipits

���� 178 Anthus rubescens American Pipit Migrant Rare

Bombycillidae Waxwings

���� 179 Bombycilla garrulus Bohemian Waxwing Visitor Late fall to early spring; not present every year

���� 180 Bombycilla cedrorum Cedar Waxwing Breeder; irregular in winter Nests observed

Parulidae Wood-Warblers

���� 181 Vermivora pinus Blue-winged Warbler Breeder in mixed pair with Golden-winged Warbler.

See mixed pair photo in Ontario Birds taken at QUBS. Vermivora pinus x chrysoptera hybrids observed with nesting materials (Conboy)

���� 182 Vermivora chrysoptera Golden-winged Warbler Breeder Nests observed; see above

���� 183 Vermivora peregrina Tennessee Warbler Migrant Common

���� 184

Vermivora celata Orange-crowned Warbler Hypothetical Expected to occur as a migrant

���� 185 Vermivora ruficapilla Nashville Warbler Breeder Nests observed

���� 186 Parula americana Northern Parula Migrant Can be common in spring

���� 187 Dendroica petechia Yellow Warbler Breeder Nests observed

���� 188 Dendroica pensylvanica

Chestnut-sided Warbler Breeder Nests observed

���� 189 Dendroica magnolia Magnolia Warbler Migrant; very uncommon summer resident

Observed during the breeding season; breeding evidence is required

���� 190 Dendroica tigrina Cape May Warbler Migrant Uncommon

���� 191 Dendroica caerulescens

Black-throated Blue Warbler

Migrant Does not appear to breed at QUBS

���� 192 Dendroica coronata Yellow-rumped Warbler Breeder Nests observed

���� 193 Dendroica virens Black-throated Green Warbler

Breeder Nests observed

���� 194 Dendroica fusca Blackburnian Warbler Probable breeder Requires confirmation; local in mature eastern white pine or eastern hemlock

���� 195 Dendroica pinus Pine Warbler Breeder Nests observed

���� 196 Dendroica dominica Yellow-throated Warbler Vagrant

One bird observed near Round Lake on the Cataraqui Trail in 2009 (Rohwer and Crossman); also reported from Perth Road Village in 24 May 2008 (fide Good)

���� 197 Dendroica discolor Prairie Warbler Probable historical breeder

Appears to have nearly disappeared from QUBS in recent years; occasional rare sightings; territorial males observed previously at Hart Lake, Round Lake, Upper and Lower Rock Lakes, and Joe's Point

���� 198 Dendroica palmarum Palm Warbler Migrant Uncommon

���� 199 Dendroica castanea Bay-breasted Warbler Migrant Uncommon

���� 200 Dendroica striata Blackpoll Warbler Migrant Common

���� 201 Dendroica cerulea Cerulean Warbler Breeder Nests observed

���� 202 Mniotilta varia Black-and-white Warbler Breeder Nests observed

���� 203 Setophaga ruticilla American Redstart Breeder Nests observed

���� 204 Seiurus aurocapilla Ovenbird Breeder Nests observed

���� 205 Seiurus noveboracensis

Northern Waterthrush Breeder Nests observed

���� 206 Seiurus motacilla Louisiana Waterthrush Historical summer resident Territorial males observed, no nesting records

���� 207 Oporornis philadelphia Mourning Warbler Migrant Could potentially breed in the area but there is no evidence

���� 208 Geothlypis trichas Common Yellowthroat Breeder Adults have been observed feeding fledglings

���� 209 Wilsonia pusilla Wilson's Warbler Migrant Rare; observed in 2009 (Rohwer and Crossman)

���� 210 Wilsonia canadensis Canada Warbler Possible breeder Requires confirmation; may breed on Pangman Tract; migrant

���� 211 Icteria virens Yellow-breasted Chat Vagrant One bird observed on the Bracken Tract on 20 May 2009 (Taylor et al)

Thraupidae Tanagers

���� 212 Piranga olivacea Scarlet Tanager Breeder Nests observed

Emberizidae Sparrows

���� 213 Pipilo erythrophthalmus Eastern Towhee Breeder Nests observed

���� 214 Spizella arborea American Tree Sparrow Visitor Fall through spring; common at feeders

���� 215 Spizella passerina Chipping Sparrow Breeder Nests observed

���� 216 Spizella pallid Clay-colored Sparrow Migrant One bird observed on Opinicon Road in 2009 (Ripley)

���� 217 Spizella pusilla Field Sparrow Breeder Nests observed

���� 218 Pooecetes gramineus Vesper Sparrow Migrant Rare; may breed in suitable habitat

���� 219 Passerculus sandwichensis

Savannah Sparrow Breeder Common in appropriate habitat

���� 220 Ammodramus savannarum

Grasshopper Sparrow Probable breeder Rare; males observed singing on the Hughson Tract (Bonier)

���� 221 Passerella iliaca Fox Sparrow Migrant Uncommon

���� 222 Melospiza melodia Song Sparrow Breeder; occasional in winter

Nests observed; one bird overwintered on the Moores Tract in 2008/09 (Martin and Conboy)

���� 223 Melospiza lincolnii Lincoln's Sparrow Migrant Uncommon

���� 224 Melospiza georgiana Swamp Sparrow Breeder Nests observed

���� 225 Zonotrichia albicollis White-throated Sparrow Migrant; possible rare breeder

Requires confirmation of breeding status; males occasionally heard singing through July

���� 226 Zonotrichia leucophrys White-crowned Sparrow Migrant Can be common

���� 227 Junco hyemalis Dark-eyed Junco Visitor Fall through spring

���� 228 Calcarius lapponicus Lapland Longspur Hypothetical Not yet recorded

���� 229 Plectrophenax nivalis Snow Bunting Visitor Late fall to early spring; numbers fluctuate between and within years

Cardinalidae Cardinalids

���� 230 Cardinalis cardinalis Northern Cardinal Year-round resident; breeder

Fledglings observed; uncommon except around settlements (e.g., Chaffey's Lock)

���� 231 Pheucticus ludovicianus

Rose-breasted Grosbeak Breeder Nests observed

���� 232 Passerina cyanea Indigo Bunting Breeder Nests observed

Icteridae New World Blackbirds

���� 233 Dolichonyx oryzivorus Bobolink Probable breeder Requires confirmation; occurs on Hughson Tree Swallow grid and on Bracken Tract

���� 234 Agelaius phoeniceus Red-winged Blackbird Breeder Nests observed

���� 235 Sturnella magna Eastern Meadowlark Breeder Nest observed on Bracken Tract in 2009 (Conboy and Mitchel)

���� 236 Euphagus carolinus Rusty Blackbird Migrant Can be common in some autumns

���� 237 Quiscalus quiscula Common Grackle Breeder Nests observed; sometimes builds nest in nests or osprey and great blue herons

���� 238 Molothrus ater Brown-headed Cowbird Breeder Parasitized nests observed

���� 239 Icterus spurius Orchard Oriole Hypothetical Not yet recorded

���� 240 Icterus galbula Baltimore Oriole Breeder Nests observed

Fringillidae Finches

���� 241 Pinicola enucleator Pine Grosbeak Irregular visitor Late fall to early spring

���� 242 Carpodacus purpureus Purple Finch Breeder Nest observed (Rabbit Island; Martin)

���� 243 Carpodacus mexicanus House Finch Probable breeder Irregular in Chaffey's Lock - no breeding evidence; introduced

���� 244 Loxia curvirostra Red Crossbill Irregular visitor Generally uncommon or rare

���� 245 Loxia leucoptera White-winged Crossbill Irregular visitor Can be abundant in some years

���� 246 Carduelis flammea Common Redpoll Irregular visitor Late fall to early spring; can be abundant

���� 247 Carduelis hornemanni Hoary Redpoll Irregular visitor Late fall to early spring; rare

���� 248 Carduelis pinus Pine Siskin Irregular throughout year; probably breeds

Breeding status requires confirmation

���� 249 Carduelis tristis American Goldfinch Year-round resident; breeder

Nests observed

���� 250 Coccothraustes vespertinus

Evening Grosbeak Irregular throughout year; probably breeds

Summering pairs have been observed (Martin, Conboy); detected on June point counts

Passeridae Weavers

���� 251 Passer domesticus House Sparrow Year-round resident; probable breeder

Elgin, Westport, Newboro and livestock farms; introduced