biotechnology in agriculture and forestry978-3-662-10603-7/1.pdfbiotechnology in agriculture and...
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Biotechnology in Agriculture and Forestry
Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg GmbH
Volumes already published Volume 1: Trees I (1986) Volume 2: Crops I (1986) Volume 3: Potato (1987) Volume 4: Medicinal and Aromatic Plants I (1988) Volume 5: Trees II (1989) Volume 6: Crops II (1988) Volume 7: Medicinal and Aromatic Plants II (1989) Volume 8: Plant Pro top lasts and Genetic Engineering I (1989) Volume 9: Plant Protoplasts and Genetic Engineering II (1989) Volume 10: Legumes and Oilseed Crops I (1990) Volume 11: Somaclonal Variation in Crop Improvement I (1990) Volume 12: Haploids in Crop Improvement I (1990) Volume 13: Wheat (1990) Volume 14: Rice (1991) Volume 15: Medicinal and Aromatic Plants III (1991) Volume 16: Trees III (1991) Volume 17: High-Tech and Micropropagation I (1991) Volume 18: High-Tech and Micropropagation II (1992) Volume 19: High-Tech and Micropropagation III (1992) Volume 20: High-Tech and micropropagation IV (1992) Volume 21 : Medicinal and Aromatic Plants IV (1993) Volume 22: Plant Protoplasts and Genetic Engineering III (1993) Volume 23: Plant Protoplasts and Genetic Engineering IV (1993) Volume 24: Medicinal and Aromatic Plants V (1993) Volume 25: Maize (1994) Volume 26: Medicinal and Aromatic Plants VI (1994) Volume 27: Somatic Hybridization in Crop Improvement I (1994) Volume 28: Medicinal and Aromatic Plants VII (1994) Volume 29: Plant Protoplasts and Genetic Engineering V (1994) Volume 30: Somatic Embryogenesis and Synthetic Seed I (1995) Volume 31: Somatic Embryogenesis and Synthetic Seed II (1995) Volume 32: Cryopreservation of Plant Germplasm I (1995) Volume 33: Medicinal and Aromatic Plants VIII (1995) Volume 34: Plant Pro top lasts and Genetic Engineering VI (1995) Volume 35: Trees IV (1996) Volume 36: Somaclonal Variation in Crop Improvement II (1996) Volume 37: Medicinal and Aromatic Plants IX (1996) Volume 38: Plant Protoplasts and Genetic Engineering VII (1996) Volume 39: High-Tech and Micropropagation V (1997) Volume 40: High-Tech and Micropropagation VI (1997) Volume 41: Medicinal and Aromatic Plants X (1998) Volume 42: Cotton (1998) Volume 43: Medicinal and Aromatic Plants XI (1999) Volume 44: Transgenic Trees (1999) Volume 45: Transgenic Medicinal Plants (1999) Volume 46: Transgenic Crops I (1999) Volume 47: Transgenic Crops II (2001) Volume 48: Transgenic Crops III (2001)
Volumes in preparation Volume 49: Somatic Hybridization in Crop Improvement II (2001) Volume 50: Cryopreservation of Plant Germplasm II Volume 51: Medicinal and Aromatic Plants XII
Biotechnology in Agriculture and Forestry 48
Transgenic Crops III
Edited by Y.P.S. Bajaj
With 122 Figures, 12 in Color, and 76 Tables
i Springer
Professor Dr. Y.P.S. BAJAJt New Delhi, India
ISSN 0934-943-X ISBN 978-3-642-08643-4
Die Deutsche Bibliothek - CIP-Einheitsaufnahme
Transgenic crops 1 ed. by Y. P S. Bajaj. ·
(Biotechnology in agriculture and forestry; 48) ISBN 978-3-642-08643-4 ISBN 978-3-662-10603-7 (eBook) DOI /978-3-662-10603-7 10.1007
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© Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2001 Originally published by Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg New York in 2001 Soficover reprint ofthe hardcover lst edition 2001
The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, etc. in this publication does nol imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use.
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Dedicated to the International Atomic Energy Agency and Food and Agriculture Organization for inviting me to give a lecture at the International Symposium held in
1985 at the IAEA, Vienna (Austria)
Preface
Over the last decade there has been tremendous progress in the genetic transformation of plants, which has now become an established tool for the insertion of specific genes. Work has been conducted on more than 200 plant species of trees, cereals, legumes and oilseed crops, fruits and vegetables, medicinal, aromatic and ornamental plants etc. Transgenic plants have been field-tested in a number of countries, and some released to the farmers, and patented.
Taking the above-mentioned points into consideration, it appeared necessary to review the literature and state of the art on genetic transformation of plants. Thus 120 chapters contributed by experts from 31 countries (USA, Russia, Canada, France, Germany, England, The Netherlands, Belgium, Switzerland, Italy, Spain, Bulgaria, Yugoslavia, Denmark, Poland, Finland, Australia, New Zealand, South Africa, China, Japan, Korea, Singapore, Indonesia, India, Israel, Mexico, Brazil, Moroco, Senegal, Cuba, etc.) have been compiled in a series composed of the following five books:
1. Transgenic Trees comprises 22 chapters on forest, fruit, and ornamental species such as Allocasuarina verticillala, Casuarina glauca, Cerasus vulgaris, Citrus spp., Coffea species, Diospyros kaki, Eucalyptus spp., Fagara zanthoxyloides, Larix spp., Lawsonia inermis, Malus x domestica, Picea mariana, Pinus palustris, Pinus radiata, Poncirus trifoliata, Populus spp., Prunus species, Rhododendron, Robinia pseudoacacia, Solanum mauritianum, Taxus spp., and Verticordia grandis.
2. Transgenic Medicinal Plants comprises 26 chapters on Ajuga reptans, Anthemis nobilis, Astragalus species, Atropa belladonna, Catharanthus roseus, Datura species, Duboisia species, Fagopyrum species, Glycyrrhiza uralensis, Lobelia species, Papaver somniferum, Panax ginseng, Peganum harmala, Perezia species, Pimpinella anisum, Phyllanthus niruri, Salvia miltiorrhiza, Scoporia dulcis, Scutellaria baicalensis, Serratula tinctoria, Solanum aculeatissimum, S. commersonii, Swainsona galegifolia, tobacco, and Vinca minor.
3. Transgenic Crops I comprises 25 chapters divided into 2 sections: Section /. Cereals and grasses, such as wheat, rice, maize, barley,
sorghum, pearl millet, triticale, Agrostis, Cenchrus, Dactylis, Festuca, Lolium, and sugarcane.
Section II. Legumes and Oilseed Crops. Arachis hypogaea, Brassica juncea, Brassica napus, Cicer arietinum, Glycine max, Gossypium hirsutum,
VIII Preface
Helianthus annuus, Lens culinaris, Unum usitatissimum, Sinapis alba, Trifolium rep ens , and Vicia narbonensis.
4. Transgenic Crops II comprises 21 chapters on fruits and vegetables, such as banana, beetroot, grapes, strawberry, kiwi, watermelon, cucumber, tomato, asparagus, carrot, cabbage, kale, turnip, rutabaga, broccoli, sweet pea, common bean, Luffa, Amaranthus, horseradish, sugarbeet, chicory, cassava, sweet potato, and potato.
5. Transgenic Crops III comprises 26 chapters arranged in 2 sections: Section /. Ornamental, Aromatic and Medicinal Plants. Anthurium,
Antirrhinum, Artemisia absinthium, Begonia, Campanula , Carnation, Chrysanthemum , Dendrobium, Eustoma, Gentiana, Gerbera, Gladiolus, Hyoscyamus muticus, Hyssop us officinalis, Ipomoea , Leontopodium alpinum, Nierembergia, Phalaenopsis, Rudbeckia, Tagetes and To renia.
Section II. Miscellaneous Plants. Craterostigma plantagineum, Flaveria spp., Moricandia arvensis, Solanum brevidens, and freshwater wetland monocots.
These books will be of special interest to advanced students, teachers, and research workers in the field of molecular biology, genetic manipulation, tissue culture, and plant biotechnology in general.
New Delhi, April 1999 Professor Dr. YP.S. BAJAJ
Series Editor
Contents
Section I Ornamental, Aromatic, and Medicinal Plants
1.1 Transgenic Anthurium A.R. KUEHNLE, F.-c. CHEN, and N.C. SUGl! (With 5 Figures)
1 Introduction . . .. .... .... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 2 Transformation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 3 Results and Discussion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 4 Summary and Conclusions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 References ............................................. . ..... 13
1.2 Transgenic Antirrhinum (Snapdragon) H.I NEWBURY and I. SENIOR (With 2 Figures)
1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 2 Genetic Transformation .................. . ................... 17 3 Results and Discussion. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 4 Present Status of Transgenic Plants ............. . .............. 24 5 Summary and Conclusions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 References . ................ ... .... ........ ................... 25
1.3 Transgenic Artemisia (Wormwood) S. NIN and A. BENNICI (With 3 Figures)
1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 2 Genetic Transformation ........ . ............................. 29 3 Results and Discussion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 4 Summary and Conclusions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 References ................................................... 40
1.4 Transgenic Begonia S. KIYOKAWA, Y. KIKUCHI, H. KAMADA, and H. HARADA (With 6 Figures)
1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43 2 Genetic Transformation ...................................... 44 3 Results and Discussion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
x Contents
4 Summary and Conclusions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52 References .......................... ... . . ... ... .............. 53
1.5 Transgenic Campanula spp. (Bellflower) K. ISHIMARU, M. ANoo, M. TAKAMIYA, N. TERAHARA, T. YAMAKAWA, K. SHIMOMURA, and N. TANAKA (With 10 Figures)
1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 2 Genetic Transformation and Secondary Metabolism
of Campanula ... . ....................... . ... . .............. 57 3 Results and Discussion. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59 4 Summary and Conclussions .................................. 67 References ...... .. . . .... ..................... .. . .. ......... . . 68
1.6 Transgenic Dianthus spp. (Carnation) A ZUKER, T. TZFIRA, A . AHRONI, E. SHKLARMAN , M. OVADIS, H. ITZHAKI, H. BEN-MEIR, and A VAINSTEIN (With 3 Figures)
1 Introduction . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70 2 Microprojectile Bombardment and Agrobacterium tumefaciens -
an Integrative Approach .. . ................................ . . 72 3 Transgenic Carnation Plants with Novel Traits. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76 4 Current Achievements in Transgenic Carnation Plants . . . . . . . . . . . . 79 5 Summary and Conclusions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81 References ................................................... 81
1.7 Transgenic Dendranthema (Chrysanthemum) 1. DEJONG (With 2 Figures)
1 Introduction .......... ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84 2 Genetic Transformation .. . .... . .. . . ...... .............. . .... 85 3 Results and Discussion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91 4 Summary and Conclusions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92 References ...... ... . .... ......................... .. ....... ... 93
1.8 Transgenic Dendrobium (Orchid) T.-F. CHIA, AY.H. LIM, Y. LUAN, and I. NG (With 6 Figures)
1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95 2 Genetic Transformation .. ... ....... . ...... ... . .. ..... . ....... 96 3 Results and Discussion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99 4 Summary and Conclusions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106 References . . . ... . .......... ... . .... . . . . . . . .......... . ........ 106
Contents
I.9 Transgenic Eustoma grandiflorum (Lisianthus) T. HANDA and Soc. DERoLEs (With 7 Figures)
XI
1 Introduction 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 107 2 Genetic Transformation 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 107 3 Genetic Transformation with Useful Genes 000000000000000000000 111 4 Summary and Conclusions 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 120 References 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 121
1.10 Transgenic Gentiana species (Gentian) I. MOMClLOV«~, Do GRUBISIC, and Mo NESKOVIC (With 4 Figures)
1 Introduction 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 123 2 Genetic Transformation 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 124 3 Results and Discussion 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 129 4 Summary and Conclusions 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 136 References 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 136
I.11 Transgenic Gerbera Po ELOMAA and T.Ho TEERI (With 2 Figures)
1 Introduction 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 139 2 Genetic Transformation 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 140 3 Results and Discussion 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 145 4 Summary 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 151 References 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 152
1.12 Transgenic Gladiolus K. KAMO, Mo ROH, A. BLOWERS, F. SMITH, and 1. V AN ECK (With 7 Figures)
1 Introduction 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 155 2 Genetic Transformation 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 155 3 Results and Discussion 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 159 4 Summary and Conclusions 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 167 References 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 169
1.13 Transgenic Hyoscyamus muticus (Egyptian henbane) No SEVON, So BIONDI, No BAGNI, and K.-Mo OKSMAN-CALDENTEY (With 5 Figures)
1 Introduction 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 171 2 In Vitro Cultures 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 175 3 Agrobacterium-Mediated Transformation of Hyoscyamus 000000000 176
Xli Contents
4 Metabolic Relationships Between Polyamines and Tropane Alkaloids .... . ...... . ........ . .... . . ..... ...... 186
5 Transgenic Plants Derived from Hairy Roots. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 191 6 Summary and Conclusions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 194 References .... ......... .. . . . . . .. . .. ............ . ............. 195
1.14 Transgenic Hyssopus officina/is (Hyssop) K. ISHIMARU, Y. MURAKAMI, and K. SHIMOMURA (With 5 Figures)
1 Introduction. . ...... . ....................................... 201 2 Genetic Transformation ...................................... 203 3 Summary and Conclusions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 207 References .. . . . .... ... ...... . . .. ................. . ........... 207
1.15 Transgenic Ornamental Ipomoea M. OTANI, T. SHIMADA, and M. MIl (With 5 Figures)
1 Introduction ..... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 209 2 Methodology ............................................... 209 3 Results........... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 211 4 Discussion. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 217 5 Summary and Conclusions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 219 References .......... . . ....... ......... ...... . .. ...... . ....... 220
1.16 Transgenic Leontopodium (Edelweiss) I.L.1. HOOK and H. SHERIDAN (With 9 Figures)
1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 221 2 Genetic Transformation .................. . ............. . ... . . 222 3 Production of Essential Oil by Hairy Root Cultures. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 226 4 Separation and Identification of Essential Oil Constituents. . . . . . . . 227 5 Factors Affecting Essential Oil Composition . . . . . . ...... . ....... 233 6 Summary and Conclusions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 233 References .......................... ... . .. ............ .. . . ... 235
1.17 Transgenic Nierembergia scoparia (Tall Cupftower) T. GODO and M. MIl (With 7 Figures)
1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 237 2 Transformation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 238 3 Results and Discussion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 240 4 Summary. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 247 References .. . . . .... ...... ... .. .... ..... . . . ................... 247
Contents
1.18 Transgenic Phaiaenopsis (a Moth Orchid) H. ANZAI and M. TANAKA (With 8 Figures)
XIII
1 Introduction ..... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 249 2 Micropropagation of Phaiaenopsis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 250 3 Methodology: Transformation by Particle Bombardment. . . . . . . . . . 251 4 Optimum Conditions for Transformation ....................... 255 5 Transgenic Phaiaenopsis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 256 6 Genetic Stability in Clonal Progeny Proliferated in Vitro. . . . . . . . . . 259 7 Summary and Conclusions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 262 References .. . ............................... . ................ 263
1.19 Transgenic Rudbeckia H. DAIMON and M. MIl (With 6 Figures)
1 Introduction................................................ 265 2 Genetic Transformation ...................................... 266 3 Summary ........... . ...... . .......... . ...... . ............. 272 References ............. . ...... . .............................. 273
1.20 Transgenic Tagetes spp. (Marigold) U. MUKUNDAN and M. HJORTSO (With 14 Figures)
1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 274 2 Methodology ........... . .............................. . .... 278 3 Effect of Culture Conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 280 4 Scaling Up of Hairy Root Cultures ............................ 290 5 Summary and Conclusions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 291 References ................................................... 291
1.21 Transgenic Torenia fournieri Lind. (Torenia) R. AIDA and M. SHIBATA (With 8 Figures)
1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 294 2 Genetic Transformation ...................................... 295 3 Results and Discussion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 297 4 Summary and Conclusions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 304 References .............................................. . .... 305
Section II Miscellaneous Plants
11.1 Genetic Transformation of Craterostigma plantagineum A. FURINI, F. SALAMINI, D. BARTELS (With 1 Figure)
1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 309 2 Methodology ............................................... 310
XIV Contents
3 Results and Discussion. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 313 4 Summary and Conclusions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 316 References ................................................... 316
II.2 Transgenic Flaveria bidentis RT. FURBANK, J.A. CHITIY, and w.e. TAYLOR (With 4 Figures)
1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 319 2 Genetic Transformation . ..................................... 323 3 Results and Discussion. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 328 4 Summary and Conclusions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 333 References .......... . ........................................ 334
11.3 Tissue Culture and Transient Gene Expression Studies in Freshwater Wetland Monocots
S.M.D. ROGERS, J. BEECH, and K.S. SARMA (With 3 Figures)
1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 337 2 Genetic Transformation/Regeneration. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 339 3 Results and Discussion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 342 4 Summary and Conclusions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 349 References ..... . ....... . .. . ... . . . .... . . . ..................... 349
11.4 Transgenic Moricandia K. TORIYAMA, M. TANABE, and H. RASHID (With 2 Figures)
1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 352 2 Genetic Transformation ............ . ..... . .. . . .. ............. 352 3 Summary.. . .................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 357 References ................................................ . .. 357
11.5 Transgenic Solanum brevidens T.-H.A. LIU, L.e. STEPHENS, and D.J. HANNAPEL (With 3 Figures)
1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 359 2 Methodology ...... . . . ... . .................................. 360 3 Results and Discussion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 363 4 Summary and Conclusions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 369 References ........ . ........................................ . . 370
Subject Index ..... . . . ..... .. .... . ...................... ... . . . 373
List of Contributors
AHRONI, A. , The Kennedy-Leigh Centre for Horticultural Research and The Otto Warburg Center for Biotechnology in Agriculture, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76-100, Israel
AIDA, R., National Research Institute of Vegetables, Ornamental Plants and Tea, Ano, Mie 514-2392, Japan
ANDO, M., Department of Applied Biological Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Saga University, 1 Honjo, Saga 840-8502, Japan
ANZAI, H. , Pharmaceutical Research Center, Meiji Seika Kaisha, Ltd., Morooka-cho, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama 222-8567, Japan Present address: Gene Research Center, Ibaraki University Ami, Ibaraki 300-0393, Japan
BAGNI, N., Department of Biology, University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 42, 40126 Bologna, Italy
BARTELS, D., Max-Planck-Institut flir Ziichtungsforschung, Carl-von-Linne-Weg 10,50829 Cologne, Germany
BEECH, 1., Department of Bioscience, Salem-Teikyo University, Salem, West Virginia, 26426, USA
BEN-MEIR, H. , The Kennedy-Leigh Centre for Horticultural Research and The Otto Warburgh Center for Biotechnology in Agriculture, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76-100, Israel
BENNICI, A. , Department of Plant Biology, University of Florence, 50144 Florence, Italy NIN, S., Department of Horticulture, University of Florence, 50144 Florence, Italy
BIONDI, S., Department of Biology, University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 42, 40126 Bologna, Italy
BLOWERS, A., Sanford Scientific, Inc., 877 Marshall Road, Waterloo, New York 13165. USA
XVI List of Contributors
CHEN, F.c. , Department of Plant Industry, National Ping tung University of Science and Technology, 1 Hseuh Fu Road, NeiPu, Pingtung 91207 Taiwan Republic of China
CHIA, T-F., Biology Division, National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University, 469 Bukit Timah Road, Singapore 259756
CHITTY, lA., CSIRO Plant Industry, Canberra 2601, Australia
DAIMON, H., Department of Plant Science, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Osaka 5998531, Japan
DEJONG, 1, OLO-Centre for Plant Breeding and Reproduction Research (CPRO-DLO), P.O. Box 16,6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
DEROLES, S.c., Plant Pigments Group, Plant and Food Composition, Crop & Food Research, Private Bag 11,600, Palmerston North, New Zealand
ELOMAA, P., Institute of Biotechnology, P.O. Box 56, 00014 University of Helsinki, Finland
FURBANK, KT, CSIRO Plant Industry, Canberra 2601, Australia
FURINI, A., Department of Agricultural Biotechnolgy, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie, 15, 37134 Verona, Italy
GODO, T , Botanic Gardens of Toyama, 42 Kamikutsuwada, Fuchu-machi, Nei-gun, Toyama 939-2713, Japan
GRUBISIC, D., Institute for Biological Research "S. Stankovic", 29 novembra 142, 11060 Belgrade, Yugoslavia
HANDA, T, Institute of Agriculture & Forestry, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan
HANNAPEL, D.l , Department of Horticulture, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011-1100, USA
HARADA, H. , Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tennoudai, Tsukuba 305-8573, Japan
HJORTso, M. , Department of Biological Sciences, Ramniranjan Jhunjhunwala College, University of Bombay, Bombay 400086, India
HOOK, I.L.I., Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Trinity College, Dublin 2, Ireland
List of Contributors
ISHIMARU, K. , Department of Applied Biological Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Saga University, 1 Honjo, Saga 840-8502, Japan
ITZHAKI, H ., The Kennedy-Leigh Centre for Horticultural Research and The Otto Warburg Center for Biotechnology in Agriculture, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76-100, Israel
KAMADA, H. , Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tennoudai, Tsukuba 305-8573, Japan
KAMO, K. , Floral & Nursery Plants Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture, National Arboretum, Beltsville, Maryland 20705-2350, USA
KIKUCHI, Y., Tokyo Research Laboratories, Asahi-cho, Machida-shi, Tokyo 194-8533, Japan
KIYOKAWA, S. , Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Aomori University, Kohbata, Aomori 030-0943, Japan
KUEHNLE, A.R. , Department of Tropical Plants and Soil Science, University of Hawaii, 3190 Maileway, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, USA
LIM, A.Y.H., Biology Division, National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University, 469 Bukit Timah Road, Singapore 259756
LIU , T.-H.A., Development Center for Biotechnology, 81 Chong Hsing Street, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
LUAN, Y., Biology Division, National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University, 469 Bukit Timah Road, Singapore 259756
XVII
Mu, M. , Faculty of Horticulture, Chiba University, 648 Matsudo, Matsudo, Chiba 271-00921 , Japan
MIl , M., Faculty of Horticulture, Chiba University, Matsudo, Chiba 2468510, Japan
MIl, M., Laboratory of Plant Cell Technology, Department of Horticulture, Chiba University, 648 Matsudo, Chiba 271-0092, Japan
MOMCILOVIC, I., Institute for Biological Research "S. Stankovic", 29 novembra 142,11060 Belgrade, Yugoslavia
MUKUNDAN, 0., Department of Chemical Engineering, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA
XVIII List of Contributors
MURAKAMI, Y, Department of Applied Biological Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Saga University, 1 Honjo, Saga 840-8502, Japan
NESKovrc, M., University of Belgrade, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Botany, Takovska 43, 11000 Belgrade, Yugoslavia
NEWBURY, H.I, School of Biological Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
NG, I., Biology Division, National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University, 469 Bukit Timah Road, Singapore 259756
OKSMAN-CALDENTEY, K.-M. , VTT Biotechnology, P.O. Box 1500 (Tietotie 2), 02044 VTT (Espoo), Finland
OTANI, M., Research Institute of Agricultural Resources, Ishikawa Agricultural College, Nonoichi-machi, Ishikawa 921-8836, Japan
OVADIS, M., The Kennedy-Leigh Centre for Horticultural Research and The Otto Warburg Center for Biotechnology in Agriculture, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76-100, Israel
RASHID, H., Agricultural Biotechnology Institute, National Agricultural Research Centre, P.o. NARC, Park Road-45500, Islamabad, Pakistan
ROGERS, S.M.D., Department of Bioscience, Salem-Teikyo University, Salem, West Virginia, 26426, USA
ROH, M. , Floral & Nursery Plants Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture, National Arboretum, Beltsville, Maryland 20705-2350, USA
SALAMINI, F., Max-Planck-Institut flir Ziichtungsforschung, Carl-von-Linne-Weg 10, 50829 Cologne, Germany
SARMA, K.S., Department of Bioscience, Salem-Teikyo University, Salem, West Virginia, 26426, USA
SENIOR, I., John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Colney, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK
SEVON, N., The National Agency for Medicines, P.O. Box 55,00301 Helsinki, Finland
SHERIDAN, H., Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Trinity College, Dublin 2, Ireland
List of Contributors XIX
SHIBATA, M., National Research Institute of Vegetables, Ornamental Plants and Tea, Ano, Mie 514-2392, Japan
SHIMADA, T. , Research Institute of Agricultural Resources, Ishikawa Agricultural College, Nonoichi-machi, Ishikawa 921-8836, Japan
SHIMOMURA, K, Tsukuba Medicinal Plant Research Station, National Institute of Health Sciences, 1 Hachimandai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0843, Japan
SHIMOMURA, K, Tsukuba Medicinal Plant Research Station, National Institute of Health Sciences, 1 Hachimandai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0843, Japan
SHKLARMAN, E., The Kennedy-Leigh Centre for Horticultural Research and The Otto Warburg Center for Biotechnology in Agriculture, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76-100, Israel
SMITH, F , Sanford Scientific, Inc., 877 Marshall Road, Waterloo, New York 13165, USA
STEPHENS, L.e., Department of Horticulture, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011-1100, USA
SUGII, N.e., Lyon Arboretum, University of Hawaii, 3860 Manoa Rd., Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, USA
TAKAMIYA, M., Department of Applied Biological Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Saga University, 1 Honjo, Saga 840-8502, Japan
TANABE, M., Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 981-8555, Japan
TANAKA, M., Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagawa University, Miki-cho, Kagawa 761-0795, Japan
TANAKA, N. , Department of Applied Biological Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Saga University, 1 Honjo, Saga 840-8502, Japan
TAYLOR, w.e., CSIRO Plant Industry, Canberra 2601, Australia
TEERI, T.R. , Institute of Biotechnology, P.o. Box 56, 00014 University of Helsinki, Finland
TERAHARA, N., Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Horticulture, Minami-Kyushu University, Takanabe, Miyazaki 884-0003, Japan
TORIYAMA, K , Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 981-8555 , Japan
xx List of Contributors
TZFIRA, T., The Kennedy-Leigh Centre for Horticultural Research and The Otto Warburgh Center for Biotechnology in Agriculture, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76-100, Israel
V AINSTEIN, A., The Kennedy-Leigh Centre for Horticultural Research and The Otto Warburg Center for Biotechnology in Agriculture, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76-100, Israel
VAN ECK, 1., Sanford Scientific, Inc. , 877 Marshall Road, Waterloo, New York 13165, USA
Y AMAKAWA, T., Department of Global Agricultural Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Yayoi 1-choume, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
ZUKER, A., The Kennedy-Leigh Centre for Horticultural Research and The Otto Warburg Center for Biotechnology in Agriculture, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76-100, Israel