biotechnology
TRANSCRIPT
WELCOME TO THE WORLD OF
BIOTECHNOLOGY
WHAT IS BIOTECHNOLOGY?
Biotechnology
A wide ranging scientific field which includes the manipulation of living organisms that results in new products or processes by that cell.
Gregor Johann Mendel
Discovered the Laws Governing the Genetic Inheritance of Traits by Scientific Experimentation.
Founded Modern Genetics.
FOUNDER OF MODERN GENETICS
Genetic Engineering Which Include
*Creation of RECOMBINANT DNA*GENE CLONING
*GENE TRANSFER
GENE CLONING
What is DNA cloning ?
When DNA is extracted from an organism, all its genes are obtained
In gene (DNA) cloning a particular gene is copied (cloned)
WHAT IS GENE CLONING ?
• To "clone a gene" is to make many copies of it• Act of making many identical copies of gene• Gene can be an exact copy of a natural gene • Gene can be an altered version of a natural gene
Cell based DNA cloning
TOW TYPE OF DNA CLONING
Cell-free DNA cloning (PCR)
Cell based DNA cloning
DNA is extracted- here from blood
Restriction enzymes, e.g. EcoRI, HindIII, etc., cut the DNA into small pieces
Different DNA pieces cut with the same enzyme can join, or recombine.
RESTRICTION ENDONUCLEASE
Blood sample
DNA
DNA CLONING
PCR techniqueds DNA
Step 1
Step 2
Step 3
Denature
Anneal
Extend
PCR amplifies DNA(gene)
1st cycle
2nd cycle
1st cycle
2nd cycle
3rd cycle
4th cycle
5th cycle
6th cycle
BIOTECHNOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS IN
AGRICULTURE* Flavr Savr Tomato
*Golden Rice*BT Cotton* BT Brinjal
DELAYED RIPENING IN TOMATO
FLAVR SAVR TOMATO
VIRUS RESISTANT TOMATO
GOLDEN RICE
NORMAL RICE
GOLDEN RICE
CONTRIBUTION OF GOLDEN RICE
BT COTTON
BT BRINJAL
BIOTECHNOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS IN MEDICINE Protein Pharmaceuticals Vaccines & Therapeutic
Agents Diagnostics: Protein or
DNA Based Gene Therapy Stem Cell Research Cancer Treatment
Insertion of a new “healthy” gene into the organism to provide needed (usually) proteins, hormones etc.
Gene is carried into the host by a viral vector that has been disabled Can provide relief for many genetic
diseases Problems: Jessie Gelsinger, xscid babies immune responses, and cancer
Gene Therapy
ORAL VACCINE
HUMULIN
Genetically Modified Animals
1983 Transgenic Mice 1997 Cloned sheep
THANKSSS !!!