biomes of the world -...
TRANSCRIPT
Biomes of the World
Plant and Animal Adaptations
Biomes and Adaptations
• Biome- A large geographic area with similar
climate and a distinctive community of
organisms.
• Adaptation- an anatomical, physiological, or
behavioral change that improves a population’s
ability to survive in its environment.
• Most important factor in determining where
ecosystems occur are Temperature and
Precipitation.
Desert – Climate
• Very dry and very hot
• 2- 26cm of rain per year
• High temperature range
20oC-49oC
• Low Temperature Range
-18oC-10oC
• A lot of direct sunlight and
strong winds
Desert Plants
• Flowers open at night
• Succulents – store water
in stems and leaves
• Most plants have no
leaves or reduced
leaves(spines)
• Long root stems
Desert Animals
• Migration
– Breed during cool spring then
leave for the summer
• Many are only active at
dawn & dusk or are
completely nocturnal when
it is cooler.
• Burrow into the soil/sand
• Hibernation during summer
and winter
Grasslands
• Savanna (Africa),
• Temperate Grasslands
– Chapparal (Mediterranean
and Australia),
– Prairie (N. America)
– Steppes (Eurasia)
– Pampas (S. America)
Grassland – Climate
• Hot, dry summers and
cold winters
• 50-89cm of rain per
year
• Temperature Range
38oC – 40oC
• Wildfires are common
during the dry season
• Rich soil
Grassland Plants
• Deep & extensive root
systems
– Roots survive wildfires and
grazing
• Narrow leaves reduce
water loss
• Wind pollinators (strong
winds)
Grassland Animals
• Migration – to find water
• Teeth and digestive
systems adapt to a grass
diet
• Burrowers and nocturnal
to avoid predators
• Skin colors blend with
plants (camouflage)
Tropical Rainforest – Climate
• Temperature Range
24oC-27oC
• 200-1000cm of rain per
year
• Poor soil conditions
• Intense sunlight at
canopy level
• Little or no sunlight below
the canopy
Tropical Rainforest Plants
• Leaves have drip tips
and waxy surfaces to
discourage fungal and
bacterial growth.
• Some plants grown on
or climb others to reach
the sunlight.
• Plants (even trees)
have shallow roots to
get the nutrients in the
top layer of soil
Kapok tree
Strangler fig ↓
Bougainvillea ↑ Coconut
tree
Bamboo ↓ Durian ↓
Tropical Rainforest Animals
• Most animals eat only
one type of food that few
other animals can eat
– Toucans have beaks
designed to eat nuts
• INSECTS GALORE!!!
Bengal Tiger ↓
Chimpanzee ↓
Dawn Bat ↑
Toco Toucan ↑
Temperate Forest – Climate
• Temperature Range
-30oC-30oC
• Four distinct seasons
– 5-6 month growing
season
• 75-150cm of rain per
year
Temperate Forest Plants
• Deciduous trees which
drop their leaves in the fall
– Prevents water loss and
breakage in winter
• Deciduous trees have
broad, thin leaves to
capture as much sunlight
as possible
• Thick bark protects against
cold winter weather
White Birch ↑
Pecan ↓
White Oak
Temperate Forest Animals
• Animals must deal
with the cold and
lack of food during
winter
– Migrate
– Hibernate
– Cache – Store Food
Taiga – Climate
• Aka – Boreal Forest
• Temperature Range
-54oC – 21oC
• 30 – 84 cm of rain
per year
• Acidic and mineral
poor soil
Taiga Plants • Dark-colored needles
absorb more sunlight
• Evergreens keep their
leaves all year
– Plants can
photosynthesize
immediately when it
warms up
• Needles prevent water
loss
• Conifers and Evergreens
White Spruce
Eastern Red Cedar ↓
White
Fir
Taiga Animals
• Migration
• Hibernation
• Fur/feather coats
Tundra – Climate
• Temperature Range
-34oC – 12oC
– Cold year round
• 15-25 cm of rain per year
• Permafrost – permanently
frozen sub-layer of soil
• 24-hour days/nights
Tundra – Plants
• Small, usually less than 12 inches
tall
– Keeps plants from freezing
• Dark colors help absorb solar heat
• Plants grow in clumps
– Shields the wind and cold
Tufted Saxifrage
Arctic Moss ↓
Arctic Willow ↓
Bearberry
Tundra – Animals
• Migration
• Hibernation
• Thick fur/feathers
Polar Bear ↑
Ermine ↓
Caribou ↓
Arctic Fox ↓
Grizzly
Bear ↓
Musk Ox ↓ Snowy Owl ↓
Water (Aquatic) Biomes
• Freshwater
– Rivers and
Streams
– Lakes and Ponds
– Wetlands
• Marine
– Estuaries
– Open Ocean
– Coastal Ocean
– Coral Reefs
Aquatic – Plants
• Flexible stems and
leaves
• Leaves absorb water
and nutrients, not the
roots
• Floating leaves
• Floating seeds
Aquatic – Animals
• Migrate to find food and
to breed
• Prevent water loss in
salty or fresh water
• Breathing using gills
• Gas bladders to adjust
depth
North American Biomes Coloring
The map
must be
colored
specific
colors.
The boreal
forest is the
same as the
coniferous
forest.
• Copy and answer the question.
– Which category consists of only one species?
A. Ecosystem
B. Biome
C. Community
D. Population
• Copy and answer the question.
– Which of these is a common adaptation that helps
desert plants conserve water?
a) Waxy coverings on leaves and stems
b) Large broad leaves
c) Flowering at night
d) Very deep root systems
• Copy and answer the question.
– Which effect does deforestation have on the carbon
cycle?
A. Decreased CO2 in the atmosphere
B. Increased CO2 in the atmosphere
C. Increased ozone in the atmosphere
D. Decreased decomposition of carbon
• EQ – How do humans impact the environment?
(both good and bad)