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Biomaterials in Focus:Sustainability assessment of biobased plasticsA Webinar series from the junior researchers team of University of Applied Sciences and Arts, HannoverPart 4 - 1 9. January 201 7 Venkateshwaran Venkatachalam M.Sc.,V.-Prof. Andrea Siebert-RathsHochschule Hannover │ IfBB – Institut für Biokunststoffe und Bioverbundwerkstoffe │ 1 etieSed.revonnah-bbfi.www
1. FORSCHERNACHWUCHSGRUPPE AT IFBB
2. SUSTAINABILITY ASSESSMENT3. LIFE CYCLE ASSESSMENT (LCA)4. METHODOLOGY OF LCA5. LCA OF BIOBASED PLASTICS6. LCA OF FNG MATERIALS7. OUTLOOK8. SUMMARY
ForscherNachwuchsGruppe at IfBB
Hochschule Hannover │ IfBB – Institut für Biokunststoffe und Bioverbundwerkstoffe │ www.ifbb-hannover.de
ForscherNachwuchsGruppe (FNG) or Junior Researchers Team„Systematic Identification and Practical Implementation of Synergies in the Area of Biopolymers, Biopolymer Fibres and Composite Materials“Phase I:• Period: 01.07.2012 – 30.06.2015 Phase II: Practical implementation!• Period: Summer 2015 – Winter 2017
Project management agency: Fachagentur Nachwachsende Rohstoffe e.V.
Seite 3
ForscherNachwuchsGruppe at IfBB II
Hochschule Hannover │ IfBB – Institut für Biokunststoffe und Bioverbundwerkstoffe │ www.ifbb-hannover.de
Phase II – Unternehmerische Umsetzung (Practical implementation)
Environmental and economic assessment• ´Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) of FNG Materials• Life Cycle Costing (LCC) of the value chain
Product communication• Interviews and group discussions• Recommendations for practical implementation• Target oriented communication strategies
Seite 4
1. FORSCHERNACHWUCHSGRUPPE AT IFBB
2. SUSTAINABILITY ASSESSMENT3. LIFE CYCLE ASSESSMENT (LCA)4. METHODOLOGY OF LCA5. LCA OF BIOBASED PLASTICS6. LCA OF FNG MATERIALS7. OUTLOOK8. SUMMARY
Sustainability Assessment
Hochschule Hannover │ IfBB – Institut für Biokunststoffe und Bioverbundwerkstoffe │ www.ifbb-hannover.de
Sustainable development is the kind of development,
„that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.“
[Brundtland Report 1987]
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Sustainability Assessment II
Hochschule Hannover │ IfBB – Institut für Biokunststoffe und Bioverbundwerkstoffe │ www.ifbb-hannover.de Seite 7
Economic
Social
Environment
• Child labour• Accident risks• Qualification
• Costs• Price• Perspective
(Customers/Producers)
• Climatechange• Resource consumption• Water consumption• Acidifcation• Eutrophication• Summer smog• Landuse/Biodiversity• Toxicity
Sustainability Assessment III
Hochschule Hannover │ IfBB – Institut für Biokunststoffe und Bioverbundwerkstoffe │ www.ifbb-hannover.de Seite 8
LCSA =
Environment Economic Social
Life Cycle Assessment
Life Cycle Costing
Social Life Cycle
Assessment
Life Cycle Sustainability Assessment
Ökobilanz Lebenszyklus-kostenrechnung Sozialbilanz
LCA LCC SLCA+ +
Sustainability Assessment IV
Hochschule Hannover │ IfBB – Institut für Biokunststoffe und Bioverbundwerkstoffe │ www.ifbb-hannover.de
Methodology and standards for environmental sustainability assessment
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Environmental Labelling Life Cycle Assessment
DIN EN ISO 14020, DIN EN ISO 14025 (EPD) DIN EN ISO 14040/14044
Product Category Rules
Eco Profile
CPC 374
ILCD Handbook
Product Environmental Footprint
DIN EN 16760Biobased Products
EPD
PCR
LCA
PEF
1. FORSCHERNACHWUCHSGRUPPE AT IFBB
2. SUSTAINABILITY ASSESSMENT3. LIFE CYCLE ASSESSMENT (LCA)4. METHODOLOGY OF LCA5. LCA OF BIOBASED PLASTICS6. LCA OF FNG MATERIALS7. OUTLOOK8. SUMMARY
Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) -Definition
Hochschule Hannover │ IfBB – Institut für Biokunststoffe und Bioverbundwerkstoffe │ www.ifbb-hannover.de
„LCA studies the environmental aspects and potential impacts throughout a product’s life (i.e. Cradle to grave) from raw material acquisition through production, use and disposal“
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Sour
ce: M
odifie
dfro
mLB
P –
Unive
rsitä
t Stu
ttgar
t 201
5
Production
Processing
Use
Disposal
Recovery
Raw material acquisition
Life Cycle Assessment
1. FORSCHERNACHWUCHSGRUPPE AT IFBB
2. SUSTAINABILITY ASSESSMENT3. LIFE CYCLE ASSESSMENT (LCA)4. METHODOLOGY OF LCA5. LCA OF BIOBASED PLASTICS6. LCA OF FNG MATERIALS7. OUTLOOK8. SUMMARY
Methodology of LCA
Hochschule Hannover │ IfBB – Institut für Biokunststoffe und Bioverbundwerkstoffe │ www.ifbb-hannover.de Seite 13
Direct applications
• Optimization of products
• Strategic planning
• Decision making
• Policymaking
• Marketing
• Others
Goal and scopedefinition
Inventory analysis
Impact assessment
Inte
rpre
tatio
n
Framework of a LCA (DIN EN ISO 14040)
Methodology of LCA II
Hochschule Hannover │ IfBB – Institut für Biokunststoffe und Bioverbundwerkstoffe │ www.ifbb-hannover.de
Systemgrenzen - Ökobilanz
Seite 14
Que
lle: M
odifiz
iert
nach
LBP
–Un
ivers
ität S
tuttg
art 2
015
Methodology of LCA III
Hochschule Hannover │ IfBB – Institut für Biokunststoffe und Bioverbundwerkstoffe │ www.ifbb-hannover.de Seite 15
Human Health
Biotic & abiotic natural
environment
Biotic & abiotic natural resources
Biotic & abiotic manmade
environment
Human toxicity
Casualties
Noise
Photochemical oxidant formation
Ozone depletion
Climate change
Acidification
Eutrophication
Eco toxicity
Land use impacts
Biotic resource depletion
Abiotic resource depletion
Species & organism dispersal
Inventory CH4CO2SO2NH3Nox
Que
lle: M
odifiz
iert
nach
Jolie
.et.a
l –M
idpo
int D
amag
e Fr
amew
ork
Impact CategoriesMidpoint categories Endpoint categories
Life Cycle Inventory results
1. FORSCHERNACHWUCHSGRUPPE AT IFBB
2. SUSTAINABILITY ASSESSMENT3. LIFE CYCLE ASSESSMENT (LCA)4. METHODOLOGY OF LCA5. LCA OF BIOBASED PLASTICS6. LCA OF FNG MATERIALS7. OUTLOOK8. SUMMARY
LCA of biobased plastics
Hochschule Hannover │ IfBB – Institut für Biokunststoffe und Bioverbundwerkstoffe │ www.ifbb-hannover.de
Value Chain - Biobased plastics
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Raw material acquisition and production Processing Use End of Life
BiomassBio-inter-
mediates
Bio-polymer Bioplastic Bioplastic
Product
Envi
ronm
enta
l im
pact
s
Recyclate
LCA of biobased plastics II
Hochschule Hannover │ IfBB – Institut für Biokunststoffe und Bioverbundwerkstoffe │ www.ifbb-hannover.de
Value Chain- Conventional Plastics
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Raw material acquisition and production Processing Use End of Life
Crude oil
Inter-mediates Polymer Plastic Plastic
Product
Envi
ronm
enta
l im
pact
s
Recyclate
LCA of biobased plastics III
Hochschule Hannover │ IfBB – Institut für Biokunststoffe und Bioverbundwerkstoffe │ www.ifbb-hannover.de Seite 19
‐3,12
‐3,50
‐4,60
0,16 0,15 0,10 0,18
‐5
‐4
‐3
‐2
‐1
0
1
Corn (PLA) Sugar beet (PLA) Sugar cane(PLA) Crude oil (ABS) Crude oil (PE) Crude oil (PP) Crude oil (PS)
Globa
l Warming Po
tential (GWP) kg CO
2Eq/kg Po
lymer
Global Warming Potential (GWP) [kg CO2‐Equiv.]
LCA of biobased plastics IV
Hochschule Hannover │ IfBB – Institut für Biokunststoffe und Bioverbundwerkstoffe │ www.ifbb-hannover.de Seite 20
3,22
1,70
2,21 2,22
0,59
0
0,5
1
1,5
2
2,5
3
3,5
Acrylonitrile‐Butadiene‐Styrene (ABS) Polypropylene (PP) Polystyrene (PS) Polyvinylchloride (PVC) Polylactide (PLA)
Globa
l Warming Po
tential (GWP) kg CO
2 Eq
/kg Po
lymer
Global Warming Potential (GWP) [kg CO2‐Equiv.]
LCA of biobased plastics V
Hochschule Hannover │ IfBB – Institut für Biokunststoffe und Bioverbundwerkstoffe │ www.ifbb-hannover.de Seite 21
-6.00
-4.00
-2.00
0.00
2.00
4.00
6.00
8.00
10.00
12.00
kg C
O2 Eq
./kg
Biop
olym
er
Global Warming Potential (Cradle to grave)
Conventional polymers. Data from PlasticsEurope
LCA of biobased plastics VI
Hochschule Hannover │ IfBB – Institut für Biokunststoffe und Bioverbundwerkstoffe │ www.ifbb-hannover.de Seite 22
Characterisationfactor
Tendency of Biopolymers
Biopolymers Conventional polymers
Energy demand Different energy demandfor different bio polymers
Different energy demand fordifferent conventional polymers
Global warmingpotential
High CO2 storage duringthe plant growth
High CO2 emission during burning
Abiotic resourcedepletion
Bio-based (renewable) Crude oil based (finite)
Eutrophication potential Consumption of fertilizersand pesticides
Not necessary
Acidification potential Consumption of fertilizersand pesticides
Not necessary
Land use Agricultural field necessary Agricultural field not necessary
Water consumption Process water and water forirrigation
Only process water
LCA of biobased plastics VII
Hochschule Hannover │ IfBB – Institut für Biokunststoffe und Bioverbundwerkstoffe │ www.ifbb-hannover.de Seite 23
0,0233
0,0071
0,01070,0122
0,0300
0
0,005
0,01
0,015
0,02
0,025
0,03
0,035
Acrylonitrile‐Butadiene‐Styrene (ABS) Polypropylene (PP) Polystyrene (PS) Polyvinylchloride (PVC) Polylactide (PLA)
Eutrop
hicatio
n Po
tential (EP
) Mole of N Eq./kg Po
lymer
Eutrophication Potential (EP) [Mole of N‐Equiv.]
1. FORSCHERNACHWUCHSGRUPPE AT IFBB
2. SUSTAINABILITY ASSESSMENT3. LIFE CYCLE ASSESSMENT (LCA)4. METHODOLOGY OF LCA5. LCA OF BIOBASED PLASTICS6. LCA OF FNG MATERIALS7. OUTLOOK8. SUMMARY
LCA of FNG Materials
Hochschule Hannover │ IfBB – Institut für Biokunststoffe und Bioverbundwerkstoffe │ www.ifbb-hannover.de
Goal: Environmental assessment of FNG-Materials (in comparison to the conventional materials)
System boundaries of the study:Cradle to Grave. The different lifecycle phases considered for this study are:• Raw material acquisition (Biomass Biopolymer)• Production of bioplastic product (Biopolymer Bioplastic product)• Processing of Bioplastic product (Bioplastic product End product (Computer mouse))• Recovery/Disposal of the end product (End product Recycling, incineration etc.)
Functional unit: 1 kg biobased plastic (Blend), which will be used in the manufacture of products such as computer mouse, writing instruments, sport articles.
Impact assessment method: ILCD/PEF Recommendation
LCA Software: GaBi Software (thinkstep AG) Version 6
Database: GaBi, Ecoinvent, literature and measured data
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LCA of FNG Materials II
Hochschule Hannover │ IfBB – Institut für Biokunststoffe und Bioverbundwerkstoffe │ www.ifbb-hannover.de
Selection of impact categories
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Category Indicator Characterization factor
Climate change kg. CO2 Eq Global Warming Potential (GWP)
Acidification Mol H+ Eq Acidification Potential (AP)
Eutrophication Mol. N Eq Eutrophication Potential (EP) (Seawater, Freshwater, Terrestrial)
Summer smog kg. NMVOC Photochemical Oxidant Creation Potential (POCP)
Eco toxicity CTUe Eco toxicity (Freshwater)
Resource depletion m3 Eq Resource depletion – Water
Ozone depletion Kg CFC-11 Eq Ozone Depletion Potential (ODP)
LCA of FNG Materials III
Hochschule Hannover │ IfBB – Institut für Biokunststoffe und Bioverbundwerkstoffe │ www.ifbb-hannover.de Seite 27
Raw material acquisitionBiopolymer
Productionbiobased plastic
Processing and Use End of Life
Value Chain- FNG Materials
LCA of FNG Materials IV
Hochschule Hannover │ IfBB – Institut für Biokunststoffe und Bioverbundwerkstoffe │ www.ifbb-hannover.de Seite 28
Cradle to Gate – Process route (Raw material acquisition, Production)
Sugarcane
Sugar beet
Sugar mill
Sugar mill
Lactic Acid Polylactide (PLLA)
Lactic Acid PDLA
Additives
Auxiliaries
Production of Bioplastics (IfBB)
Transport
Transport
Transport
Transport
Residue
Dye
Transport
Transport
Raw material acquisition
LCA of FNG Materials VI
Hochschule Hannover │ IfBB – Institut für Biokunststoffe und Bioverbundwerkstoffe │ www.ifbb-hannover.de Seite 29
Additive 1a
Additive 1b
Additive 1
Additive 2Additive 2a
Additive 3Additive 3a
Additive 4
Raw materials Transport Raw material acquisition
LCA of FNG Materials VII
Hochschule Hannover │ IfBB – Institut für Biokunststoffe und Bioverbundwerkstoffe │ www.ifbb-hannover.de Seite 30
Gate to Grave – Process route
Processing Use End of Life (Recycling, incineration, composting)
Influencing factors• Energy demand• Packaging• Transport
Influencing factors• Lifetime/usage• Electricity demand• Ergonomic design
Influencing factors• Recyclate quality• Energy demand• Transport
LCA of FNG Materials VIII
Hochschule Hannover │ IfBB – Institut für Biokunststoffe und Bioverbundwerkstoffe │ www.ifbb-hannover.de Seite 31
0,455
?
0,020
0,006
?
0,224
0,461
0
0,1
0,2
0,3
0,4
0,5
0,6
0,7
0,8
Raw material acquisition Production Processing and Use End of Life
Globa
l Warming Po
tential (GWP) kg CO
2Eq
/kg biop
lastic
Global Warming Potential (GWP) [kg CO2‐Equiv.]
HomopolymerAdditivesTransportOthers
Extrusion Injection molding
LCA of FNG Materials IX
Hochschule Hannover │ IfBB – Institut für Biokunststoffe und Bioverbundwerkstoffe │ www.ifbb-hannover.de
Challenges in the LCA of FNG materials• Setting and selection of system boundaries• Data quality (Primary and Secondary data)• Data availability (Limited availability of primary and secondary data for bio-based
plastics in comparison to the conventional ones)• Cut-off criteria and allocation methods • System expansion (Recycling)• Spatial and temporal changes (Data from different countries and timeframe)• Interpretation of the results and Product communication (comprehensive,
transparent)
Seite 32
1. FORSCHERNACHWUCHSGRUPPE AT IFBB
2. SUSTAINABILITY ASSESSMENT3. LIFE CYCLE ASSESSMENT (LCA)4. METHODOLOGY OF LCA5. LCA OF BIOBASED PLASTICS6. LCA OF FNG MATERIALS7. OUTLOOK8. SUMMARY
Outlook
Hochschule Hannover │ IfBB – Institut für Biokunststoffe und Bioverbundwerkstoffe │ www.ifbb-hannover.de
• Inclusion of primary data in the considered product system, to increase the data quality.
• Assessment of environmental impact categories along the value chain• Hot-Spot Analysis, to determine the significance/relevance of the selected
environmental impact categories• Making the data on intermediate products and conversion processes available for
free in the ILCD format.• Scenario analysis with regards to different process parameters• Ecological assessment of the biobased plastics, in comparison to the conventional
ones.• Life Cycle Costing (LCC) of the production of biobased plastics
Seite 34
1. FORSCHERNACHWUCHSGRUPPE AT IFBB
2. SUSTAINABILITY ASSESSMENT3. LIFE CYCLE ASSESSMENT (LCA)4. METHODOLOGY OF LCA5. LCA OF BIOBASED PLASTICS6. LCA OF FNG MATERIALS7. OUTLOOK8. SUMMARY
Summary
Hochschule Hannover │ IfBB – Institut für Biokunststoffe und Bioverbundwerkstoffe │ www.ifbb-hannover.de
• For the analysis and optimization of product system from the environmental, economic and social point of view, a sustainability assessment is required.
• Life Cycle Assessment is a standardized method to determine the potential environmental impacts of a product system
• LCA can be used for both internal and external communication • However the challenge lies in the interpretation and communication of the results
from a LCA study• Are bio-based plastics environmental friendly? There is no concrete yes/no answer.
It is necessary to review at the product level and there are some methodological gaps that still exist.
• The junior researchers team at IfBB will assess the bio-based plastics, taking into account of these challenges in the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA)
Seite 36
Summary
Hochschule Hannover │ IfBB – Institut für Biokunststoffe und Bioverbundwerkstoffe │ www.ifbb-hannover.de Seite 37
Overview and current
challenges
Communication
Processing of biobased plastics
Biowerkstoffe im Einsatz
April 2016
June 2017 Today
June 2016
December 2017
Thank you for your attention!! From the FNG team
Hochschule Hannover │ IfBB – Institut für Biokunststoffe und Bioverbundwerkstoffe │ 83 etieSed.revonnah-bbfi.www
Dr.-Ing. AndreaSiebert-Raths
Leitung
DanielaJahn
Co-ordination andMaterial development
JessicaRutz
Processing and Simulation
MiriamJaspersen
Communication
JacekLecinski
Potential-analysis
Eva Maria MentzelPublic relations
Venkateshwaran Venkatachalam
Life Cycle Assessment
Felix SchweerMechanical Testing
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Contact
Hochschule Hannover │ IfBB – Institut für Biokunststoffe und Bioverbundwerkstoffe │ www.ifbb-hannover.de Seite 39
Hochschule Hannover – Faculty IIIfBB – Institute for Bioplastics andBiocompositesHeisterbergallee 1230453 HannoverTel 0511 / 9296 – 22 68Fax 0511 / 9296 – 99 22 68Mail [email protected] http://fng.ifbb-hannover.de/
• Andrea Siebert-Raths, - 22 [email protected]
• Daniela Jahn, - 22 [email protected]
• Jessica Rutz, - 22 [email protected]
• Jacek Lecinski, - 22 [email protected]
• Eva Maria Mentzel, - 22 [email protected]
• Venkateshwaran Venkatachalam, - 22 51 [email protected]
• Felix Schweer, - 22 [email protected]
• Miriam Jaspersen, - [email protected]
Hochschule Hannover – Faculty IIIExpo Plaza 1230359 Hannover