Chapter 3A: Cell Structure and Function

3.1 How Cells Are Studied

Don’t forget to highlight or change the color of your answers.

A cell is the _____________ unit of a living thing. A living thing, like you, is called an ____________. Thus, cells are the basic _______________ blocks of all organisms.

MicroscopyMatch the type of microscope with each statement

A. Light Microscopes B. Electron Microscopes C. Both

_____ 1. Magnifies cells that are too small to see with the naked eye

_____ 2. Most student microscopes

_____ 3. Magnifies up to approximately 400 times

_____ 4. Use a beam of electrons instead of light

_____ 5. Cannot be used to view live cells

Cell TheoryList the four basic statements of the cell theory

1.

2.

3.

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3.2 Comparing Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells

List the four common components of all cells1.

2.

3.

4.

Label the prokaryotic cell by dragging the labels to the correct line

Type of Cell Nucleus Present (yes or no)

Organelles Present

(yes or no)

Approximate Size Range

Prokaryote

Eukaryote

Why do cells remain small?

3.3 Eukaryotic Cells2

Pili

Capsule

Cell wall

Cell membrane

Ribosome

Chromosome

Flagellum

Nucleoid region

The Plasma MembraneLike prokaryotes, eukaryotic cells have a plasma membrane made up of a ___________ bilayer with

embedded ___________ that ___________ the internal contents of the cell from its surrounding

___________. A phospholipid is a ___________ molecule composed of two ___________ ___________

chains, a ___________ backbone, and a ___________ group. The plasma membrane ___________ the

passage of some substances, such as ___________ molecules, ___________, and ___________, preventing

the passage of some to ___________ internal conditions, while actively ___________ in or ___________

others. Other compounds move ___________ across the ___________.

The CytoplasmList the components of the cytoplasm1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

What happens in the cytoplasm?

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CytoskeletonDefine the following

Cytoskeleton

Microfilaments

Intermediate filaments

Microtubules

Centrosome

Centrioles

Flagella

Cilia

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The Endomembrane SystemWhat is the endomembrane system?

What is the job of the endomembrane system?

What are the components of the endomembrane system?

Complete the table by filling in the nuclear component described.

Nuclear Component DescriptionA double-membrane structure that constitutes the outermost portion of the nucleusMade up of DNA and proteins, visible when a cell is dividing

Total collection of all DNA molecules and associated proteins in the nucleus; all of the chromosomes; resemble an unwound, jumbled bunch of threadsA darkly staining area within the nucleus where ribosomal subunits are assembled

Match each component of the endomembrane system with the most correct description of function.

1. ____ Rough endoplasmic reticulum A. Larger than vesicles and function in storage

2. ____ Smooth endoplasmic reticulum B. Directs the synthesis of ribosomes and proteins

3. ____ Ribosomes C. Sort, package, and tag proteins and lipids

4. ____ Vesicles D. Proteins are modified and phospholipids made

5. ____ Golgi apparatus E. Contains digestive enzymes as the cell’s garbage disposal

6. ____ Nucleus F. Synthesize proteins

7. ____ Lysosomes G. Synthesis of carbohyudrates, lipids, and steroid hormones

8. ____ Peroxisomes H. Transport proteins from the RER to the golgi

9. ____ Vacuoles I. Break down fatty acids and amino acids

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RibosomesWhere are ribosomes located in eukaryotic cells?

1.

2.

How many subunits make up one ribosome?

What is the function of a ribosome?

Mitochondria

Indicate for each of the following if it is associated with A. Mitochondria B. Chloroplasts C. Both Mitochondria and Chloroplasts

_______ Called the powerhouse of the cell _______ Tubular shaped

_______ Used for photosynthesis _______ Oval shaped

_______ Green due to the pigment chlorophyll _______ All eukaryotic cells

_______ Double membrane _______ Cellular respiration to produce ATP

_______ Stacks of thylakoid discs _______ Found in plant and algae cells

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Label the figure: outer membrane, inner membrane, inner mitochondrial compartment (matrix), outer mitochondrial compartment (Click in the boxes to type in your answer. Enlarge the box if needed)

Label the figure: Two outer membranes, stroma, inner membrane, stack of thylakoid disks (Click in the boxes to type in your answer. Enlarge the box if needed)

Animal Cells versus Plant Cells

Use Figure 3.7 and Table 3.1 to compare animal and plant cells.

What structures do plant cells have that animal cells do not? What is each structure’s function?1.

2.

3.

What structures do animal cells have that plant cells do not? What is each structure’s function?1.

2.

3.

Extracellular MatrixWhat are the primary components released by animal cells into the extracellular space (outside the cell)?

Intercellular JunctionsWhat is an intercellular junction?

What is a tight junction?

What are desmosomes

What is a gap junction?

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Label the parts of the animal cell (click in the text box to enter your answer)

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Label the parts of the plant cell

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