biology richard d. vierstra - washington university in st....

Bul le t in 2018-19Bio logy (07 /05 /18)

BiologyBiology is an exciting, diverse field ranging from the molecularbiology of individual cells to interactions among entirepopulations of organisms. Members of the biology faculty arerecognized internationally for their research and bring a varietyof strengths and teaching styles into the classroom. The majorprogram in biology provides a thorough education in the historyof scientific discovery in biology, the logical and statisticalprocedures used to formulate and to test biological hypotheses,and technical skills needed for conducting contemporarybiological research.

The biology major program emphasizes the hierarchical natureof biological complexity and the major structures and functionsthat emerge at the molecular, cellular, organismal, populationaland ecosystem levels. Each student masters at least onedimension of contemporary research in sufficient detail todescribe the major hypotheses currently being tested andto demonstrate techniques used to test those hypotheses.Mastery of this material is evident in a student's ability to critiquepublished data, identifying ambiguities and uncertainties inconclusions drawn from those data, and to evaluate the societalimportance of the research. Biology majors are prepared tomake creative contributions to biology.

The biology major program provides a wide range of researchopportunities. Because more than 400 faculty membersconduct research in biology and biomedical sciences atWashington University, it is easy to find a project that suitsa student's main interests. Many students complete theirresearch projects at the Washington University School ofMedicine, one of the top-ranked medical schools in the country.Summer research fellowship programs are available, fundedby sources including the Howard Hughes Medical Institute,Children's Discovery Institute, National Science Foundation,and the Washington University Office of UndergraduateResearch. Detailed information on finding a research mentor(https://pages.wustl.edu/Bio_200-500_independent_research/bio-200500-course-information-page) is available online.

Phone: 314-935-6860

Email: [email protected]

Website: http://wubio.wustl.edu

FacultyChairJoseph Jez (http://wubio.wustl.edu/jez)PhD, University of Pennsylvania

Endowed ProfessorsRobert E. Blankenship (http://wubio.wustl.edu/blankenship)Lucille P. Markey Distinguished Professor in Arts & SciencesPhD, University of California, Berkeley

Jonathan B. Losos (http://wubio.wustl.edu/people/jonathan-losos)William H. Danforth Distinguished ProfessorPhD, University of California, Berkeley

Himadri B. Pakrasi (http://wubio.wustl.edu/pakrasi)Myron and Sonya Glassberg/Albert and Blanche GreensfelderDistinguished University ProfessorPhD, University of Missouri-Columbia

David C. Queller (http://wubio.wustl.edu/Queller)Spencer T. Olin Professor of BiologyPhD, University of Michigan

Barbara A. Schaal (http://wubio.wustl.edu/schaal)Mary-Dell Chilton Distinguished Professor in Arts & SciencesPhD, Yale University

Joan E. Strassmann (http://wubio.wustl.edu/Strassmann)Charles Rebstock Professor of BiologyPhD, University of Texas at Austin

Richard D. Vierstra (http://wubio.wustl.edu/people/richard-d-vierstra)George and Charmaine Mallinckrodt ProfessorPhD, Michigan State University

Peter Wyse Jackson (http://wubio.wustl.edu/jackson)George Engelmann Professor of BotanyPhD, Trinity College Dublin

ProfessorsRoger Beachy (http://wubio.wustl.edu/beachy)PhD, Michigan State University

Douglas L. Chalker (http://wubio.wustl.edu/chalker)PhD, University of California, Irvine

Ian Duncan (http://wubio.wustl.edu/duncan)PhD, University of Washington

Erik D. Herzog (http://wubio.wustl.edu/herzog)PhD, Syracuse University

Robert G. Kranz (http://wubio.wustl.edu/kranz)PhD, University of Illinois

Barbara Kunkel (http://wubio.wustl.edu/kunkel)PhD, Harvard University

Allan Larson (http://wubio.wustl.edu/larson)PhD, University of California, Berkeley

Petra A. Levin (http://wubio.wustl.edu/levin)PhD, Harvard University

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Kathryn G. Miller (http://wubio.wustl.edu/miller)PhD, Johns Hopkins University

Kenneth M. Olsen (http://wubio.wustl.edu/olsen)PhD, Washington University

Philip A. Osdoby (http://wubio.wustl.edu/osdoby)PhD, Case Western Reserve University

Paul S.G. Stein (http://wubio.wustl.edu/stein)PhD, Stanford University

Associate ProfessorsYehuda Ben-Shahar (http://wubio.wustl.edu/ben-shahar)PhD, University of Illinois

Bruce A. Carlson (http://wubio.wustl.edu/carlson)PhD, Cornell University

Ram Dixit (http://wubio.wustl.edu/dixit)PhD, Cornell University

Elizabeth S. Haswell (http://wubio.wustl.edu/haswell)PhD, University of California, San Francisco

Jonathan A. Myers (http://wubio.wustl.edu/myers)PhD, Louisiana State University

Lucia C. Strader (http://wubio.wustl.edu/strader)PhD, Washington State University

Hani Zaher (http://wubio.wustl.edu/zaher)PhD, Simon Fraser University

Assistant ProfessorsJoshua Blodgett (http://wubio.wustl.edu/people/joshua-blodgett)PhD, University of Illinois

Arpita Bose (http://wubio.wustl.edu/people/arpita-bose)PhD, University of Illinois

Carlos A. Botero (http://wubio.wustl.edu/people/carlos-botero)PhD, Cornell University

Keith B. Hengen (http://wubio.wustl.edu/people/keith-hengen)PhD, University of Wisconsin-Madison

Scott A. Mangan (http://wubio.wustl.edu/mangan)PhD, Indiana University

Rachel M. Penczykowski (http://wubio.wustl.edu/people/rachel-penczykowski)PhD, Georgia Institute of Technology

Joint ProfessorsRegina Frey (http://www.chemistry.wustl.edu/faculty/frey)PhD, University of Utah(Chemistry)

Gayle J. Fritz (http://anthropology.artsci.wustl.edu/fritz_gayle)PhD, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill(Anthropology)

Professors EmeritiGarland E. Allen (http://wubio.wustl.edu/allen)PhD, Harvard University

Sarah C.R. Elgin (http://wubio.wustl.edu/elgin)PhD, California Institute of Technology

Ursula W. Goodenough (http://wubio.wustl.edu/goodenough)PhD, Harvard University

Tuan-hua David Ho (http://wubio.wustl.edu/ho)PhD, Michigan State University

George B. Johnson (http://wubio.wustl.edu/johnson)PhD, Stanford University

David L. Kirk (http://wubio.wustl.edu/kirk)PhD, University of Wisconsin

Walter H. Lewis (http://wubio.wustl.edu/lewis)PhD, University of Virginia

Barbara Pickard (http://wubio.wustl.edu/pickard)PhD, Harvard University

Ralph S. Quatrano (http://wubio.wustl.edu/quatrano)Spencer T. Olin Professor EmeritusPhD, Yale University

Peter H. Raven (http://wubio.wustl.edu/raven)PhD, University of California, Los Angeles

Nobuo Suga (http://wubio.wustl.edu/suga)PhD, Tokyo Metropolitan University

Alan R. Templeton (http://wubio.wustl.edu/templeton)PhD, University of Michigan

Robert E. Thach (http://wubio.wustl.edu/thach)PhD, Harvard University

MajorsPlease refer to the following sections for more information about:

• The Major in Biology (p. 2)• Ecology and Evolution Track (p. 4)

• Genomics and Computational Biology Track (p. 4)

• Microbiology Track (p. 4)

• Molecular Biology and Biochemistry Track (p. 4)

• Neuroscience Track (p. 4)

• The Major in Environmental Biology (p. 4)

The Major in BiologyTotal units required: 58-67

Required courses:

Code Title Units

Biol 2960 Principles of Biology I 4

Biol 2970 Principles of Biology II 4

2


Chem 111A General Chemistry I 3

Chem 112A General Chemistry II 3

Chem 151 General Chemistry Laboratory I 2

Chem 152 General Chemistry Laboratory II 2

Chem 261 Organic Chemistry I with Lab 4

Chem 262 Organic Chemistry II with Lab 4

Math 132 Calculus II 3

Math 2200 Elementary Probability and Statistics 3

or Math 233 Calculus III

or Math 3200 Elementary to Intermediate Statistics andData Analysis

Physics 197 Physics I 4

Physics 198 Physics II 4

Total Units 40

Students may substitute Chem 401 Physical Chemistry I forChem 262 Organic Chemistry II with Lab. Students who planto take physical chemistry must take Math 233 Calculus III.Math 2200 Elementary Probability and Statistics, requiredfor tracks in ecology and evolution and in genomics andcomputational biology, and Math 322 Biostatistics are valuable,particularly for students interested in research. Students whohave taken Math 233 may take Math 3200 Elementary toIntermediate Statistics and Data Analysis rather than Math 2200Elementary Probability and Statistics for a more advancedtreatment of statistics.

At least 18 units in advanced biology courses (numbered 300or above) are required. These 18 units may not include Biol303A, Biol 307A, Biol 374, Biol 387, Biol 388, Biol 4202, Biol429, Biol 487, Biol 488; cross-listed courses originating in otherdepartments (except Biol 360, Biol 4580, Biol 4810, Biol 4820and Biol 4833, which count as biology major credit despiteexternal origins); courses in University College; or more than 3units of history-of-science courses. Majors are required to take atleast one course from each of these three areas:

Area A: Cellular and Molecular Biology

Code Title Units

Biol 3041 Plant Biology and GeneticEngineering

4

Biol 334 Cell Biology 3

Biol 3371 Eukaryotic Genomes 4

Biol 349 Microbiology 4

Biol 424 Immunology 4

Biol 4492 Infectious Diseases: History,Pathology, and Prevention

3

Biol 451 General Biochemistry 4

Biol 4810 General Biochemistry I 3

Biol 4820 General Biochemistry II 3

Area B: Organismal Biology

Code Title Units

Biol 3151 Endocrinology 3

Biol 328 Principles in Human Physiology 4

Biol 3411 Principles of the Nervous System 3

Biol 3421 Introduction to Neuroethology 3

Biol 3422 Genes, Brains and Behavior 3

Biol 4023 How Plants Work: Physiology, Growthand Metabolism

3

Biol 4030 Biological Clocks 3

Biol 4071 Developmental Biology 3

Biol 4580 Principles of Human Anatomy andDevelopment

3

Area C: Evolution, Ecology and Population Biology

Code Title Units

Biol 3501 Evolution 4

Biol 372 Behavioral Ecology 3

Biol 381 Introduction to Ecology 3

Biol 4181 Population Genetics (andMicroevolution)

3

Biol 4182 Macroevolution 3

Biol 4183 Molecular Evolution 3

Biol 419 Community Ecology 4


Majors also must take an advanced laboratory course fromthe following list:

Code Title Units

Biol 3110 Vertebrate Structure Laboratory 4

Biol 3491 Microbiology Laboratory 3

Biol 3492 Laboratory Experiments withEukaryotic Microbes

3

Biol 3493 Bacterial Bioprospecting andBiotechnology

3

Biol 360 Biophysics Laboratory 3

Biol 373 Laboratory on the Evolution of AnimalBehavior

3

Biol 404 Laboratory of Neurophysiology 4

Biol 4193 Experimental Ecology Laboratory 4

Biol 4241 Immunology Laboratory 3

Biol 4342 Research Explorations in Genomics 4

Biol 434W Research Explorations in Genomics(Writing-Intensive)

4

Biol 437 Laboratory on DNA Manipulation 4

Biol 4520 Protein Function in Model CellularSystems

3

3


Biol 4522 Laboratory in Protein Analysis,Proteomics and Protein Structure

3

Biol 4523 Molecular Methods in EnzymeAnalysis

4

Biol 4525 Structural Bioinformatics of Proteins(Writing Intensive)

4

All courses to be counted toward a major in biology must betaken for a letter grade if a letter grade is offered. A grade of C-or better must be earned in all of these courses.

In special cases, students may earn credit for graduate coursesoffered by the Division of Biology and Biomedical Sciences.

Optional Biology Major TracksA student majoring in biology may choose one of five optionaltracks within the major if the student's interests lie primarilywithin one of these subfields of biology. A track providesstrong training for graduate study in its subfield. All tracksrequire completion of the biology major requirements as statedabove but provide concentrated study in one of the five subfields.

The Major in Biology: Ecology andEvolution TrackAdditional requirements include Math 2200 or Math 3200.Students whose main interest is ecology must take at leasttwo ecology electives and one evolution elective; studentswhose main interest is evolution must take at least twoevolution electives and one ecology elective (evolutionelectives: Biol 3501, Biol 4181, Biol 4182, Biol 4183; ecologyelectives: Biol 372, Biol 381, Biol 419, Biol 472). Also requiredare one elective in analytical methodology (CSE 131 orMath 322) and one elective in earth and planetary sciences(EPSc 201 or EPSc 323). The course used to fulfill the advancedlaboratory requirement for the major must be Biol 373, Biol 4193,Biol 437, Biol 4342 or Biol 434W.

The Major in Biology: Genomics andComputational Biology TrackAdditional requirements include Biol 3371 (or Biol 4183 orBiol 548), Math 2200 or Math 3200, and two outside electives(CSE 131 and CSE 247). CSE 240 is strongly recommended.The course used to fulfill the advanced laboratory requirementfor the major must be Biol 3492, Biol 4342, Biol 434W, Biol 437,or Biol 4525. Biology courses recommended for students in thistrack include Biol 334, Biol 3422, Biol 349, Biol 4030, Biol 4181,Biol 4183 and Biol 4810. Recommended electives outsidebiology include Math 217 and Math 309.

The Major in Biology: Microbiology TrackAdditional requirements include Biol 349, which should be takenspring of sophomore year, and either Biol 451 or the pair ofcourses Biol 4810 and Biol 4820. The advanced laboratorycourse used to fulfill major requirements must be one ofthe following: Biol 3491, Biol 3492, Biol 3493, Biol 437 and

Biol 4520. At least one of the following must be taken as anadvanced microbiology elective: Biol 4492, Biol 4832, and Biol5426. At least one of the following must be taken as an alliedelective: the pair of courses Biol 191 and Biol 192, Biol 424,Chem 453 and EPSc 323. Biol 3501 is highly recommended asthe course used to fulfill biology major area C. The total upper-level credits earned in major-track biology courses and alliedelectives must be at least 24.

The Major in Biology: MolecularBiology and Biochemistry TrackAdditional requirements include both Biol 4810 and Biol 4820;and one of the following: Biol 334, Biol 3371 or Biol 349. Theadvanced laboratory course used to fulfill major requirementsmust be one of the following: Biol 3491, Biol 3492, Biol 3493,Biol 4241, Biol 4342/Biol 434W, Biol 437, Biol 4520, Biol 4522,Biol 4523, and Biol 4525. Additional biology coursesrecommended for students in this track include Biol 3041,Biol 4023, Biol 4071, Biol 4183, Biol 4832, Biol 4833 and Biol5312.

The Major in Biology: Neuroscience TrackBiology major requirements must be met with the followingcourses: Biol 3058, area A (Biol 334, Biol 451, Biol 4810 orBiol 4820), area B (Biol 3411), any course in area C, andadvanced laboratory (Biol 360, Biol 373 or Biol 404). Studentsmust select at least one biology elective (Biol 3110, Biol 3151,Biol 328, Biol 3371, Biol 3421, Biol 3422, Biol 4030, Biol 437,or Biol 4580) and one outside elective either in physics(Physics 350, Physics 352, Physics 355 or Physics 360) or inpsychology (Psych 330, Psych 360, or Psych 3604). Math 2200(or Math 3200) is recommended. Optional seminar coursesin neuroscience include Biol 171 and Biol 4934. BiophysicsLaboratory (Physics 360) may count either as the advancedlaboratory requirement or the outside elective course but not forboth requirements.

Related majors can be found in the biomedical engineering(http://bulletin.wustl.edu/undergrad/engineering/biomedical/#majors), philosophy-neuroscience-psychology(PNP) (http://bulletin.wustl.edu/undergrad/artsci/philosophyneurosciencepsychology/#majors) and philosophy ofscience (http://bulletin.wustl.edu/undergrad/artsci/philosophy/#majors) pages of this Bulletin.

The Major in EnvironmentalBiologyStudents interested in environmental biology typically takeBiol 2950 Introduction to Environmental Biology during fall ofthe freshman year, although it may be taken later. A 400-levelclass to be required for Latin honors in environmental biology willbe introduced. All other courses required for the environmentalbiology major are currently listed.

4


Required courses:

Code Title Units

Biol 2950 Introduction to Environmental Biology 3

Biol 2960 Principles of Biology I (lecture andlab)

4

Biol 2970 Principles of Biology II (lecture andlab)

4


Chem 111A& Chem 151

General Chemistry Iand General Chemistry Laboratory I(lecture and lab)

5

Chem 112A& Chem 152

General Chemistry IIand General Chemistry Laboratory II(lecture and lab)

5

EPSc 201 Earth and the Environment (lectureand lab)

4

Math 131 Calculus I 3

Math 132 Calculus II 3

Physics 197 Physics I 4

Total Units 38

One of the following chemistry courses:

Code Title Units


EPSc 323 Biogeochemistry 3

EECE 210 Introduction to EnvironmentalEngineering

3

EECE 505 Aquatic Chemistry 3

EECE 531 Environmental Organic Chemistry 3

One of the following courses in statistics, GIS:

Code Title Units

Math 2200 Elementary Probability and Statistics 3

Math 3200 Elementary to Intermediate Statisticsand Data Analysis

3

EnSt 380 Applications in GIS 3

One upper-level biology lab course:

Any course that fulfills the advanced laboratoryrequirement of the biology major is acceptable; werecommend: Biol 4193 Experimental Ecology Laboratory (4credits, writing intensive).

One of the following Biol 300+ courses (Area A and B inBiology):

Code Title Units


4









3




One of the following Biol 300+ courses (Area C in Biology):

Code Title Units



Biol 4181 Population Genetics 3




One additional Biol 300+ major-track course (may includeBiol 500):

• Please refer to the Biology Course Listings (p. 7) in thisBulletin.

One of the following EPSC 300+ courses:

Code Title Units

EPSc 323 Biogeochemistry (only if not alreadytaken for chemistry requirement)

3

EPSc 352 Earth Materials 5

EPSc 353 Earth Forces 4

EPSc 385 Earth History 3

EPSc 408 Earth's Atmosphere and GlobalClimate

3

EPSc 409 Surface Processes 4

EPSc 413 Introduction to Soil Science 3

EPSc 422 Sedimentary Geology 4

EPSc 428 Hydrology 3

EPSc 443 Methods in Biogeochemistry 3

EPSc 444 Environmental Geochemistry 3

Additional InformationResearch: Research opportunities are available in the student'sfirst or second year through Biol 200; such opportunities areavailable in the third and fourth years through Biol 500. Aresearch emphasis in the major requires at least 6 credits (twosemesters) of Biol 500 research and an approved senior thesison this research. The research emphasis is acknowledged onthe degree as a research milestone.

5


Senior Honors: Biology majors are encouraged to work forsenior honors, which requires a 3.30 grade point average inbiology, a 3.30 average in nonbiological sciences (mathematics,chemistry and physics courses) and a 3.65 overall grade pointaverage at the time of graduation. Also required are 6 unitsof Biol 500 research and an approved thesis from this work.Students interested in senior honors should begin Biol 500 nolater than spring of the junior year.

The biology department awards the Marian Smith Spector Prizeto an undergraduate who has an excellent academic recordand submits an outstanding honors thesis, and the Ralph S.Quatrano Prize to the student whose thesis shows greatestevidence of creativity in design, research methodology, and/or broader scientific implications. It also awards the HarrisonD. Stalker Prize to a graduating senior whose college career isdistinguished by scholarship, service and breadth of interest.

MinorsThe Minor in BiologyUnits required: 18 units of biology and 14 units of chemistry

Required courses:

Code Title Units



Chem 111A& Chem 151

General Chemistry Iand General Chemistry Laboratory I

5

Chem 112A& Chem 152

General Chemistry IIand General Chemistry Laboratory II

5


Total Units 22

Elective courses:

The minor requires 10 advanced units in biology selected fromthe following:

Code Title Units

Biol 3010 Biotechnology Project 3


4

Biol 3058 Physiological Control Systems 2

Biol 3100 R Workshop in Biology 1

Biol 3110 Vertebrate Structure Laboratory 4




Biol 3371 Eukaryotic Genomes 4




Biol 347 Darwin and EvolutionaryControversies

3


Biol 3491 Microbiology Laboratory 3


3

Biol 3493 Bacterial Bioprospecting andBiotechnology

3


Biol 360 Biophysics Laboratory 3


Biol 373 Laboratory on the Evolution of AnimalBehavior

3



3


Biol 404 Laboratory of Neurophysiology 4

Biol 4071 Developmental Biology 3



Biol 4183 Molecular Evolution 3


Biol 4193 Experimental Ecology Laboratory 4

Biol 424 Immunology 4

Biol 4241 Immunology Laboratory 3

Biol 4270 Problem Based Learning inBiomedical Sciences

3


Biol 434W Research Explorations in Genomics(Writing-Intensive)

4


Biol 4492 Infectious Diseases: History,Pathology, and Prevention

3


Biol 4520 Protein Function in Model CellularSystems

3

Biol 4522 Laboratory in Protein Analysis,Proteomics and Protein Structure

3

Biol 4523 Molecular Methods in EnzymeAnalysis

4

Biol 4525 Structural Bioinformatics of Proteins(Writing Intensive)

4

Biol 4580 Principles of Human Anatomy andDevelopment

3



Biol 4820 General Biochemistry II 3

6


Biol 4832 Molecular Mechanisms ofPhotosynthesis and Respiration

3

Biol 4833 Protein Biochemistry 3

Additional InformationAll courses utilized for the biology minor must be taken for aletter grade. A grade of C- or better must be earned in all ofthese courses.

The Minor in BioinformaticsMindful of the emerging opportunities at the interface ofbiology and computer science, the Department of Biology andDepartment of Computer Science & Engineering have fashionedthe minor in bioinformatics that serves students from bothdepartments as well as other students from the natural sciencesand engineering with an interest in this field.

Units required: 23-24 units as described below

Core courses:

Code Title Units



CSE 131 Introduction to Computer Science 3

CSE 247 Data Structures and Algorithms 3

ESE 326 Probability and Statistics forEngineering

3

or Math 3200 Elementary to Intermediate Statistics andData Analysis

or QBA 120& QBA 121

Managerial Statistics Iand Managerial Statistics II

Total Units 17

Advanced biology elective: Choose one of:

Code Title Units


3




CSE elective: Choose one of:

Code Title Units

CSE 514A Data Mining 3

CSE 584A Algorithms for BiosequenceComparison

3

or L41 Biol5504

Algorithms for BiosequenceComparison

CSE 587A Algorithms for Computational Biology 3

Additional InformationIt is anticipated that for those students majoring in biology orCSE, some portion of the introductory sequence will overlapwith courses required for the major, and these courses will beapplicable to both the major and the minor. Upper-level coursesin Biology and CSE used to fulfill the minor may not be usedto fulfill another major or minor in Arts & Sciences. A minimumgrade of C- is required for all courses to count toward the minor.

CoursesVisit online course listings to view semester offerings forL41 Biol (https://courses.wustl.edu/CourseInfo.aspx?sch=L&dept=L41&crslvl=1:4).

L41 Biol 112 First-Year Seminar: Introduction to Problem-Based Learning in BiologySmall groups of students take responsibility for their ownactive learning in their team with guidance from an instructor.Each group in rotation considers four problems of biologicalimportance such as rainforest destruction, coral reefs, laboratorydiagnoses, sleep, high altitude, deafness, infertility, modernepidemics, clinical cases, genetic engineering, and clonedanimals. They find the background information by librarysearches and integrate this knowledge in group discussions.Enrollment limited. Intended for but not limited to prospectivebiology majors. Prerequisite: high school biology, preferably anAP class. For freshmen only.Credit 3 units. A&S: FYS A&S IQ: NSM Arch: NSM Art: NSM BU:SCI

L41 Biol 1260 The Secret Lives of PlantsThis course is designed to familiarize undergraduate studentswith the fascinating lives of plants, their evolution, theirremarkable structural and morphological diversity, how theygrow, and how they have been modified to feed the planet.Topics include: how plants can survive with just water, mineralsand light, how they transport water astonishing distances, theirunusual sex lives, why they make seeds, how they can grownearly forever, how plants survive extreme environments withoutrunning to hide, why they synthesize caffeine, nicotine, THC andopiates, how they defend themselves from pathogens withoutan immune system, how they sense their environment withoutdedicated sensory organs, how plants have been modified byhumans to provide food, fiber and fuel, and how geneticallymodified (GMO) crops are made and their implications to theenvironment and society. Overall goals are to enhance anunderstanding and appreciation of the plant kingdom, to helpyoung scientists understand the primary scientific literature,and as a starting point for possible careers in plant biology.Where appropriate, the class will also emphasize key differencesbetween plants and animals. This course is primarily forfreshmen interested in majoring in biology, with a possibleemphasis on plants. This course is also for those that wantto know more about where their food comes from, how theseamazing creatures survive and flourish, and how GMO crops areengineered. Upper-level students with an interest in food andsustainable agriculture but not necessarily focusing on plantswill also be welcome. Course will be lecture/discussion/hands-onformat for two of the three hours per week. Students will present30-minute papers discussing topics relevant to their interests forthe remaining one hour (two students per week). Prerequisites:

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Students must have taken both biology and chemistry in highschool and at least one at the AP or IP levels; or have takenBiol 2960 or Chem 111/112. This course can be taken by bothfreshmen and upper-level undergraduates with a preferencegiven to freshmen.Credit 3 units. A&S: FYS A&S IQ: NSM Arch: NSM Art: NSM BU:SCI

L41 Biol 171 First-Year Opportunity: Neuroscience Futures1: How do we learn about the brain?In this seminar course for first-year students, students learnabout how neurobiologists conduct and communicate research.We focus our discussion on primary research papers writtenby Washington University neurobiologists, who visit theclass to present their work. Discussion then focuses on theformulation of scientific questions, evaluation of evidence andinterpreting data within the context of a broader field. Studentsmeet neuroscience colleagues in two joint class periods withparticipants in a neurobiology seminar for second-, third- andfourth-year students. May be repeated for credit; preferencegiven to students who have not previously taken the course.Credit 1 unit. A&S: FYO Arch: NSM Art: NSM

L41 Biol 1770 First-Year Opportunity: The Biology of DogBreedsThis freshman seminar uses the topic of dog behavior andgenetics to teach fundamental scientific tools and to engagestudents in contributing to the building of an online publicresource that summarizes the scientific literature on breeds.Our first task is learning to read and dissect primary scientificliterature. We parse out the difference between scientificquestions, hypotheses and predictions through a guided case-study exercise. We then apply the experience to outliningprimary research articles, identifying the key componentsof the author's arguments, and summarizing the results andimplications. The second half of the semester is spent searchingthe scientific literature, sorting information into the new dogbreed resource, and presenting results to peers around theseminar table.Credit 2 units. A&S: FYO A&S IQ: NSM

L41 Biol 181 First-Year Opportunity: Introduction to Cutting-Edge Research in BiologyA lecture course intended for first-year students that focuseson the practice and culture of biological research. Activeresearchers describe the biological context of their research, thespecific questions they have formulated, the means by whichthey pursue the answers, and their data and conclusions. Thefocus is on process: how biologists pursue their profession,what goes on in a research setting. Additional topics of clinicaland contemporary interest are often included. Students areexpected to attend all lectures. Enrollment is restricted to first-year students. Must be taken Credit/No Credit.Credit 1 unit. A&S: FYO A&S IQ: NSM Art: NSM

L41 Biol 1811 First-Year Opportunity: Research andConservation in Zoos and Botanical GardensAn introduction to the world of zoos and botanical gardens.Students will learn of the diverse and cutting-edge ways inwhich scientists and conservationists study the world's biologicaldiversity and work to conserve it. Taking advantage of two world-class institutions a short distance from the Danforth Campus, theclass will meet every week at an off-campus site (primarily the

Saint Louis Zoo and Missouri Botanical Garden, but also severalother institutions) to hear lectures from leading authorities atthese institutions, as well touring facilities to see first-handhow research is conducted and how these institutions work topreserve endangered species. Students will write three shortpapers; each paper will be based upon a class lecture andits associated readings. Must be taken Credit/No Credit. Fallsemester, Fridays, 2-5 p.m.Credit 2 units. A&S: FYO A&S IQ: NSM

L41 Biol 191 AMP: Phage HuntersA research-based laboratory class for freshmen. Students joina national experiment organized by HHMI, with the goal ofisolating and characterizing bacteriophage viruses found in thesoil in the St. Louis area. Laboratory work includes isolationand purification of the student's own phage, DNA isolation andrestriction mapping, and EM characterization of student's phage.Several WUSTL phage are selected for genome sequencingover winter break, and are annotated in the spring in Biol 192,Phage Bioinformatics. Students who successfully isolate andannotate a phage may become co-authors on a scientific paper.Prerequisites: high school courses in biology and chemistry,at least one at the AP or International Baccalaureate level;permission of the instructor. Limited to 40 students. One hourlecture, one hour discussion, and three hours lab per week.Same as L61 FYP 1910Credit 3 units. A&S: AMP A&S IQ: NSM Arch: NSM Art: NSMBU: SCI

L41 Biol 192 Focus: Phage BioinformaticsA research-based laboratory class for freshmen. Students joina national experiment organized by HHMI, with the goal ofgenomic characterization of a local phage. Laboratory workfocuses on learning computer-based tools for genome analysisfollowed by annotation and comparative analysis of the genomeof a phage (bacterial virus) that was isolated fall semesterat Washington University and sequenced over winter break.Prerequisites: high school courses in biology, chemistry andphysics, at least one at the AP or International Baccalaureatelevel; permission of the instructor. Limited to 40 students;preference given to those completing Biol 191 Phage Hunters.One hour lecture, one hour discussion and three hours lab perweek.Same as L61 FYP 1920Credit 3 units. A&S: AMP A&S IQ: NSM Arch: NSM Art: NSMBU: SCI

L41 Biol 200 Introduction to ResearchAn introduction to laboratory and field research in biologyfor first- and second-year students. Students work underthe supervision of a sponsor in a setting of established,ongoing research. Prerequisite: permission of sponsorand the department. For online enrollment instructions,visit the Bio 200/500 webpage (https://pages.wustl.edu/Bio_200-500_independent_research). Students are registered bythe department after approval is granted. Registration may notappear in WebSTAC until mid-semester.Credit variable, maximum 3 units. A&S IQ: NSM Art: NSM

L41 Biol 200S Summer Introduction to ResearchSummer research under the supervision of a faculty sponsor.Prerequisites: first-year or sophomore standing and permissionof sponsor and the department. Credit to be determined ineach case, usually 3 units/summer; may be repeated for

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credit in different summers. Credits are received in the fallsemester following the summer research. The applicationdeadline and registration information can be found onthe Bio 200/500 course website (https://pages.wustl.edu/Bio_200-500_independent_research). Credit/No Credit. Coursemay not be taken for a letter grade. 1-3 units.Credit variable, maximum 3 units. A&S IQ: NSM

L41 Biol 2010 AMP: The Science of BiotechnologyBiotechnology is truly interdisciplinary with a myriad of piecesfrom biology, chemistry, engineering, physics, computersciences, management, public policy and law that applythe scientific process to societal challenges. This courseintroduces topics for science and engineering majors with aninterest in biotech and teaches scientific concepts to businessstudents considering careers in biotech management andentrepreneurship. Students completing Biol 2010 understandkey science concepts, how discoveries lead to applicationsaddressing global challenges, effectively use a variety ofresources to explore connections between science and biotechbusiness, synthesize information from different fields, exhibitstrong teamwork skills, and communicate information in writtenand oral forms. This course also provides a gateway for studentsinterested in the two-year Biotech Explorers Program (BEP).The first two weeks of the course introduce students to thehistory of biotechnology, the BEP, and the use of case studies.The remainder of the course uses a series of four 3-week unitsthat combine lecture material, in-class group assignments, andreadings to introduce the science and scope of biotechnology.For each unit, student teams also develop short case studiesof St. Louis biotech companies and present their findings to theclass. A series of site-visits introduces students to the vibrant St.Louis biotech community. Limited to 20 students.Credit 3 units. A&S: AMP A&S IQ: NSM BU: SCI

L41 Biol 2020 Biotechnology Entrepreneurs SeminarAlthough the biotech industry is science-based, the risks ofproduct and technology development, legal issues, and marketpressures make the landscape full of uncertainty. Lectures andtextbooks fall short of delivering true insight about the processand challenges of bringing ideas to real-world products. Thissecond semester freshman seminar course is designed todevelop an appreciation of how biotech companies achievetheir goals by engaging students through interactions withexperienced executives and entrepreneurs, whose sharedknowledge and stories add depth and context to the learningprocess. This 1-credit seminar course introduces students to thebasics of innovation and entrepreneurship as a framework formarketable discoveries, builds an appreciation of how biotechcompanies start, obtain funding, and navigate intellectualproperty, provides an overview of career options in biotech, andinsight on the hiring process. Prerequisites: Students need tohave completed Biol 2010: The Science of Biotechnology forenrollment in this course and be currently enrolled in Biol 2960:Principles of Biology I. Limited to 20 students.Credit 1 unit. A&S: FYS A&S IQ: REQ

L41 Biol 2342 Wilderness First AidThe National Outdoor Leadership School (NOLS) has developeda comprehensive curriculum to instruct individuals in backcountryfirst aid. This curriculum is the main content taught in the course.After successfully completing this detailed 18 hour NOLSWilderness First Aid course, students are required to write-up a full assessment and treatment plan (5-7 page minimum)for one of the wilderness casualties described in Peter Stark's

Last Breath. Students meet for a half-day seminar during whicheach presents their case, assessment, underlying physiology,and treatment plan to the group. They receive feedback fromone another, and from the instructor, about their assessment,explanation of the relevant physiology, and action of theirproposed intervention.Credit 1 unit. A&S IQ: NSM

L41 Biol 2431 AMP: Missouri's Natural Heritage, part 1Missouri's Natural Heritage is a multidisciplinary two-semesterFreshman Focus course. The first semester of the sequencefocuses on Missouri geology, climate, archaeology, and nativemegafauna. This provides a foundation on which to examinethe ecology, restoration and management of our diversehabitats (prairie, forest, glade and stream) and the biology ofour diverse plant and animal wildlife (arthropods, mollusks,fish, salamanders, lizards, birds and mammals) in the secondsemester. We also introduce basic concepts in biodiversity andresource management with attention to resolution of conflicts ofinterest. In addition to weekly lecture and discussion, studentsin this class visit sites across the state during three weekendcamping trips and a longer camping trip during winter break.Attendance on field trips is an essential component of the courseand grade. Lab fee covers transportation and meals for all fieldtrips.Same as L61 FYP 2431Credit 3 units. A&S: AMP A&S IQ: NSM Arch: NSM Art: NSMBU: SCI

L41 Biol 265 Experience in the Life SciencesEarn credit for nonclassroom learning in the life sciences ina variety of activities: accompany a physician on rounds andprepare a paper on an organ system or disease; participate ina clinical or applied ecological study and report on it; participatein science outreach teaching, etc. Participants must meetregularly with a supervisor and commit at least 140 hours overtwo semesters. A work plan is approved prior to registration.A progress report is due after one semester and a final paperafter two semesters. Does not count toward the major. Credit:1.5 units per semester, contingent upon completion of twosemesters. Visit the Research/Job Opportunities (http://www.nslc.wustl.edu/research.html) webpage. Credit/no creditonly.Credit 1.5 units.

L41 Biol 2651 MedPrep I-The Lecture SeriesMedPrep I is a unique lecture series taught by a physician,medical school Course Master and member of the Committeeon Admissions for the School of Medicine. Through a weeklytwo-hour lecture, this course gives students accurate, honestand detailed information regarding every step of the applicationand admissions process to medical school and the educationalprocess and life of a physician. MedPrep I is particularlyuseful for freshmen and sophomores in that it reviews thecommon pitfalls encountered by unsuccessful applicants tomedical school. There is no outside course work and no exam.Attendance at all classes is required. Registration for Biol 2651is done through the MedPrep website (http://pages.wustl.edu/medprep). Registration is not done through WebSTAC.Credit 1 unit.

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L41 Biol 2652 Pediatric Emergency Medicine ResearchAssociates Program: Experiences in Life SciencesThe Pediatric Emergency Medicine Research AssociatesProgram (PEMRAP) offers undergraduate pre-medical studentsan opportunity to participate in clinical, patient-oriented researchprojects in a hospital setting. Students have the opportunity towork in the St. Louis Children's Hospital Emergency Department,a nationally recognized pediatric emergency medicine andtrauma care facility. A number of research projects are currentlyunderway in various areas of pediatric emergency medicine.Credit/No Credit. Research Associates are expected to worktwo four-hour shifts per week in the St. Louis Children's HospitalEmergency Department and to attend a weekly two-hour lectureon Tuesdays in conference room 10A of the Northwest TowerBuilding (across from Children's Hospital) from 1:30-3:30p.m. Weekly meetings include lectures given by EmergencyDepartment faculty members. This program offers studentsthe unique opportunity to be a vital part of the ED researchteam. In addition, the RA's experience in the ED may helpthem determine if medicine is truly the career path they wish tochoose. May not be taken concurrently with Biol 2654: MedPrepII.Credit 3 units.

L41 Biol 2654 MedPrep II-The Shadowing ExperienceMedPrep II offers students a real world, behind-the-scenesexperience of a life in medicine. For three hours every otherweek, students shadow physicians in the Charles F. KnightEmergency and Trauma Center of Barnes-Jewish Hospital, themain teaching hospital of the Washington University School ofMedicine. A weekly one-hour class is also held on the DanforthCampus for group discussion regarding the clinical experiencesof the students. There is no outside course work and no exam.Attendance at all classes is required. Because of the orientationmaterial covered, students must be present at the first class totake this course. Registration for Biol 2651 is done through thenew MedPrep website (http://pages.wustl.edu/medprep), notthrough WebSTAC. Prerequisite: Successful completion of Biol2651 is required to take Biol 2654.Credit 1 unit.

L41 Biol 2656 Introduction to Health Professions:Occupational Therapy, Physical Therapy and AudiologyThis course provides students interested in health professionswith an overview of occupational therapy, physical therapy andaudiology. Students gain a better understanding of the scopeof practice, markets and skills required to succeed in theseprofessions. Students learn about graduate and professionaleducation options and how to build a competitive applicationfor these programs. Finally, students are introduced to fieldexperiences in each area and culminate their study with an inter-professional education session illustrating the role of each of theprofessions in a single case. Students finish the course with abetter understanding of whether a career in health professions isright for them.Credit 1 unit.

L41 Biol 2658 Pediatric Emergency Medicine ResearchAssociates Program - Experiences in Life Sciences(PEMRAP II)PEMRAP II is a continuation of Biol 2652, Pediatric EmergencyMedicine Research Associates Program - Experiences in LifeSciences. Returning PEMRAP Research Associates (RAs)actively participate in new and ongoing research projects

in various areas of pediatric emergency medicine. RAsassist during the active period of patient enrollment throughscreening of ED patients for study eligibility, reading informationabout the studies to the patients, collecting data regardingpatient history and certain physical examination findings, andgenerally facilitating the study enrollment process. PEMRAPReturning RAs are vital members of the Emergency Departmentresearch team in the St. Louis Children's Hospital EmergencyDepartment. Returning RAs assist in training and mentoringincoming PEMRAP students (Biol 2652) in ED protocol, workapproximately one four-hour shift per week in the ED, recordshift activities and hours worked on a daily Shift Log form, andparticipate in the physician shadowing program (as offered).Returning RAs are responsible to meet hospital non-appointeerequirements and stay current with new study protocols byattending or viewing new study presentations for PEMRAPstudents. These lectures are given by pediatric departmentfaculty members introducing the basics of the clinical researchprocess, specific studies, as well as pediatric illness. The RAposition carries with it important responsibility requiring maturity,initiative, diligence and excellent interpersonal skills. There is nooutside course work and no exams. Full participation is required.45 shift hours = 1 credit. Students may repeat this course for amaximum of 6 credits. Course may not be taken concurrentlywith Biol 2652, 2651, or 2654. Enrollment with permission ofinstructor. Prerequisite: Biol 2652 (PEMRAP I). Pass/Fail. 1-2units/semester.Credit variable, maximum 2 units.

L41 Biol 2950 Introduction to Environmental BiologyIntroduction to Environmental Biology is designed to teachimportant principles of environmental biology and generalscience literacy skills. We cover the foundational biologicalprinciples and contemporary issues within four main topics:human population growth, transfer of energy and carbon in theecosystem, biodiversity, and food production. We focus on thebiological principles involved as we examine these topics inthe context of some contentious and confusing issues relatedto environmental biology in everyday life. The science literacyskills that you master in this course will help you address theissues you face in your everyday life regarding scientific andpseudoscientific claims about the environment and societyand will form the foundation for your development as a criticalconsumer of science information in the media. This course isrequired for all environmental biology majors and environmentalstudies minors. We recommend you take this course in yourfirst- or second-year if possible. If your interests align and yourschedule allows, we recommend co-enrolling in EnSt 215:Introduction to Environmental Humanities.Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: NSM Art: NSM BU: SCI

L41 Biol 2960 Principles of Biology IThe course provides an introduction to biochemistry, cellbiology, and molecular biology. An understanding of cellulararchitecture and mechanism, and the properties of biologicalmacromolecules are integrated with a discussion of the flowof genetic information within cells. The course ends with theapplication of this understanding to selected areas in modernbiology. Weekly labs reinforce concepts from lecture and explorecommon laboratory techniques and computer-based resources.Completion of Chem 111A and concurrent enrollment in Chem112A are strongly recommended but not required. Three hoursof lecture and 2 hours of lab per week. Large class and small labsections.Credit 4 units. A&S IQ: NSM Arch: NSM Art: NSM BU: SCI

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L41 Biol 2961 Collaborative Phage BioinformaticsA research-based laboratory for those enrolled in Biol 2960,this class provides an opportunity to join a research team withthe goal of genomic characterization of a locally isolated phage(a virus that infects a bacterial host). Similar to Biol 192, butusing a condensed format and a larger team to tackle eachphage. Lab work focuses on learning computer-based toolsfor genome analysis, followed by careful annotation of severalgenes from your phage, and in-depth investigation of one gene.Requires concurrent enrollment in Biol 2960 Principles of BiologyI; not open to students enrolled in Biol 192. One 2-hour pre-class online review/preparation session, nine 2-hour laboratorysessions, and a final poster presentation. (Lab does not meet inweeks with a scheduled Biol 2960 midterm.) May be taken for aletter grade or Credit/No Credit.Credit 1 unit. A&S IQ: NSM Arch: NSM Art: NSM

L41 Biol 2962 Biomolecules in the Third DimensionA computer-based laboratory for students enrolled in Biol 2960.This class gives students the opportunity to learn biology ina new way. Students are exposed to experimental data andsoftware visualization tools currently used in cutting-edgeresearch. Each week, biomolecules presented in Biol 2960lecture will be downloaded, viewed and manipulated in 3Dusing the molecular viewer PyMOL. Students will be able tostudy molecular interactions in greater depth than is possible inlecture. Ultimately, the laboratory is designed to help studentsdevelop their visuospatial thinking skills and to gain a deeperunderstanding of the macromolecules discussed in lecture.The class is highly recommended to students who identifythemselves as visual/interactive learners. Topics include: proteinand nucleic acid structure, signal transduction, energy transfer,replication, transcription and translation. Requires concurrentenrollment in Biol 2960 Principles of Biology I. Lab does notmeet in weeks with a biology exam. Class taken for Credit/NoCredit.Credit 1 unit. A&S IQ: NSM Arch: NSM Art: NSM

L41 Biol 2970 Principles of Biology IIA broad overview of genetics, including Mendelian assortment,linkage, chromosomal aberrations, variations in chromosomenumber, mutation, developmental genetics, quantitativegenetics, population genetics, mechanisms of evolution, andphylogenetics. Three lectures and one laboratory period eachweek. Does not fulfill the laboratory requirement of the biologymajor. Students must sign up for a lab during preregistration.Prerequisite: Biol 2960 or permission of instructor. Examinationschedule: tests, at which attendance is required, are to beannounced.Credit 4 units. A&S IQ: NSM Art: NSM BU: SCI

L41 Biol 3010 Biotechnology ProjectThis second-year Biotech Explorers Pathway (BEP) courseintroduces students to the process used to generate projectideas, write proposals, and evaluate concepts, with peerevaluation applied at all steps of the process. Studentscompleting Biol 3010 will gain experience in science proposalwriting with peer review, public speaking, team building, andleadership training. The first four weeks of the course will focuson individual pre-proposal brainstorming, writing and pitching,while the remainder of the course will be dedicated to thedevelopment of full proposals by teams of students. This 3-creditproject development course complements introductory courses

by making connections between fields and building teams ofstudents with experience in the process that nurtures ideas toproducts. Prerequisites: Students need to have completed Biol2010: The Science of Biotechnology and Biol 2020: BiotechEntrepreneurs Seminar for enrollment in this course. Limited to20 students.Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: NSM, WI BU: SCI

L41 Biol 303A Human BiologyHow did Elvis, Socrates and Babe Ruth die? How did DavidLetterman and Dick Cheney survive? In this course we worktoward understanding the biology behind human health anddisease. We examine cases from the news, literature andhistory. We work like detectives to understand how and whythe characters were affected and healed or died. This courseis designed for students who do not plan to major in science,and no prior science background is expected. Prerequisite:sophomore standing or permission of instructor. A student maynot receive credit for both Biol 303A and Biol 100A, 2960, 2970,or UCollege B320, B3201, B321, B3211.Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: NSM Arch: NSM Art: NSM BU: SCI

L41 Biol 3041 Plant Biology and Genetic EngineeringA 4-credit lecture course that provides an introduction to plantdevelopment, genetics, physiology and biochemistry withemphasis on processes that can be manipulated or betterunderstood through genetic engineering. The course is dividedinto three sections. The first section of the course discussesbasic plant biology, development and genetics. The secondpart emphasizes gene structure, expression and cloning aswell as methods for introducing foreign DNA into plant cells andregenerating fertile plants in tissue culture. During the third partof the course we discuss a variety of examples of geneticallyengineered traits, including: herbicide resistance; fruit ripening;pathogen and/or insect resistance; and the use of plants forproduction of industrial and pharmaceutical compounds. Fridaydiscussion sections focus on critical reading of the primaryliterature related to the material covered in lecture. Prerequisites:Biol 2960 and Biol 2970.Credit 4 units. A&S IQ: NSM Art: NSM BU: SCI

L41 Biol 3058 Physiological Control SystemsSystems physiology with emphasis on human physiology.Prerequisites: Biol 2960 and Chem 112A.Credit 2 units. A&S IQ: NSM Arch: NSM Art: NSM

L41 Biol 307A Human VariationA survey of human biological diversity, considering its adaptiveand taxonomic significance from the perspective of origins anddistribution of traits and adaptation. Prerequisite: Anthro 150A orintroductory biology.Same as L48 Anthro 307ACredit 3 units. A&S IQ: NSM, AN, SD Arch: NSM Art: NSM BU:SCI

L41 Biol 3100 R Workshop in BiologyBiologists in all areas increasingly find that they have the needand opportunity to work with large data sets. The goal of this1-credit course is to provide students with an opportunity togain skills in data analysis and presentation using R, a freesoftware environment (https://www.r-project.org) for statisticalcomputing and graphics. Topics include an introduction to basicprogramming in R, data types and manipulation, graphics,

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hypothesis testing and statistics, and applications to variousfields of biology ranging from ecology to genomics. The courseconsists of ten 2-hour workshops that include a brief introductionto key concepts in R and applications in biology, followed byinteractive, hands-on tutorials. Prerequisites: concurrent or priorcourse in statistics (Math 2200 or Math 3200 recommended) orpermission of instructor.Credit 1 unit.

L41 Biol 3110 Vertebrate Structure LaboratoryA lecture/laboratory course designed to provide an integrativeframework for how vertebrate form and function evolved. Weeklylectures emphasize development and the relationship betweenthe structural and functional design of organ systems, theimportance of these relationships in maintaining homeostasiswhile providing opportunity for adaptation, and examples of howvertebrate organ systems communicate to accomplish functionaland physiological integration. 1.5 hour lecture and 5 hours labeach week. Prerequisite: Biol 2970.Credit 4 units. A&S IQ: NSM Art: NSM BU: SCI

L41 Biol 3151 EndocrinologyAn overview of mammalian endocrine systems with an emphasison human physiology and development. The interplay betweensystemic, local cell and tissue interactions as well as the cell andmolecular events associated with hormone action are discussed.Examples of endocrine evolution and pathological conditionsrelated to endocrine imbalances also are included. Prerequisite:Biol 2970.Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: NSM Arch: NSM Art: NSM BU: SCI

L41 Biol 328 Principles in Human PhysiologyThis course is designed to provide students with anunderstanding of the function, regulation and integration ofthe major organ systems of the body. Course content includesneural and hormonal homeostatic mechanisms, and study ofthe circulatory, respiratory, digestive, urinary, musculoskeletal,nervous, endocrine, immune and reproductive organ systems.Mechanisms of exercise physiology are integrated throughoutthe course. Prerequisite: Biol 3058 or equivalent.Credit 4 units. A&S IQ: NSM Arch: NSM Art: NSM BU: SCI

L41 Biol 334 Cell BiologyEukaryotic cell structure and function viewed from theperspective of modern cell biology. Lectures cover such topicsas membrane transport; endocytosis and secretion; intracellulartrafficking; hormones and signal transduction; extracellular matrixand tissue formation; cytoskeleton and motility; and cell cycle,apoptosis and the cellular basis of disease. Prerequisite: Biol2970.Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: NSM Arch: NSM Art: NSM BU: SCI

L41 Biol 3371 Eukaryotic GenomesAn advanced exploration of the structure and function of DNAwithin the eukaryotic nucleus. Lecture and discussion covertopics of chromatin and chromosome structure, control of genetranscription, RNA processing, and DNA replication and repair.The relevance of these topics to the genetic basis of humandisease is discussed. Throughout, the experimental data thatshape our current understanding are emphasized. Coursegrades based on exams, problem sets and short papers. Lecture3 hours per week plus required discussion section meeting every

other week. Prerequisites: Biol 2970, Chem 261 (may be takenconcurrently). Offered every other fall in even-numbered years.Credit 4 units. A&S IQ: NSM Art: NSM BU: SCI

L41 Biol 3411 Principles of the Nervous SystemThe basic anatomical, physiological and chemical organizationof the nervous system; how nerve cells communicate witheach other, the ionic basis of nerve signals, the function andproperties of chemical agents in the nervous system, thedevelopment of neural circuitry, and how neurons interactto produce behavior. Prerequisite: Biol 2960, Biol 2970recommended, Biol 3058 recommended or Psych 3401 andpermission of instructor.Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: NSM Art: NSM BU: SCI

L41 Biol 3421 Introduction to NeuroethologyThe neural mechanisms of animal behavior from an evolutionaryand ecological perspective. Topics include: contributionsof model systems to understanding fundamental propertiesof nervous system structure and function; electrical signalsof sensory cells, neurons and muscle; neural processing ofsensory input; neural control of behavioral output; anatomy andphysiology of sensory and motor systems; learning and memory;evolution of neural circuits. Prerequisite: one of the followingcourses: Biol 3058, Biol 3411 or Psych 3401.Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: NSM Arch: NSM Art: NSM BU: SCI

L41 Biol 3422 Genes, Brains and BehaviorGenetic studies of physiological systems underlying animalbehavior, including the genetic basis for normal and abnormalbehaviors in animals and humans. Topics include: history ofbehavioral genetics; the ongoing debate about "nature vs.nurture"; contributions of genetic model systems includingthe nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, the fruit fly Drosophilamelanogaster, zebrafish, the mouse Mus musculus and otheranimal models; molecular mechanisms underlying the evolutionof behavioral phenotypes; the emerging role of epigenetics inregulating nervous-system functions and behavior; the use ofgenetic and genomic analyses in studies of human behavior andpsychiatric disorders. Prerequisite: Biol 2970.Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: NSM Art: NSM BU: SCI

L41 Biol 347 Darwin and Evolutionary ControversiesFocus is on controversies in evolutionary biology from Darwin'sday to the present. Most of the controversies concern scientificissues such as Kelvin's estimate of age of the earth, Jenkin'sargument against blending inheritance, neutral variations,effects of isolation on the role of selection, mass extinction and"nemesis," but some address social issues such as evolutionaryethics and "scientific creationism." Emphasis in the readings ison primary sources, including Darwin's Origin of Species.Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: NSM, WI Art: NSM BU: SCI

L41 Biol 349 MicrobiologyThis 4-credit lecture course focuses on the molecular biology ofbacteria, archaea and viruses. Topics include: the bacterial cellcycle, gene regulation, stress response, cell-cell communication,viral and bacterial pathogenesis, microbial ecology, andmetabolic diversity. Friday tutorials stress analysis of the primaryliterature with an emphasis on current research related tomaterial covered in lecture. Prerequisites: Biol 2960 and 2970, orpermission of instructor.Credit 4 units. A&S IQ: NSM Arch: NSM Art: NSM BU: SCI

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L41 Biol 3491 Microbiology LaboratoryAfter introducing students to the basics of bacterial growthand maintenance, this laboratory class employs microscopy,genetics, cell biology, and genomics to explore various aspectsof bacterial physiology, structure, and identification. Students willpresent findings throughout the semester in both written and oralformat. Roughly one hour lecture and five hours of laboratoryper week. Fulfills the upper-level laboratory requirement for thebiology major.Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: NSM Arch: NSM Art: NSM BU: SCI

L41 Biol 3492 Laboratory Experiments with EukaryoticMicrobesThis research-intensive course provides an introduction todiverse molecular and cell biology techniques used in modelexperimental organisms to explore fundamental biologicalquestions. Experiments are performed using selected fungi andprotozoans commonly used in major research efforts. Emphasisis placed on choosing the appropriate organism for the questionposed using the most current technologies. Each semester,one cellular process is studied in detail and original research iscarried out. Prerequisites: Biol 2960 and 2970 and permissionof instructor — contact early to ensure enrollment. One hour oflecture and six hours of laboratory a week. Fulfills the upper-levellaboratory requirement for the biology major. Enrollment limitedto 12.Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: NSM, WI Art: NSM BU: SCI

L41 Biol 3493 Bacterial Bioprospecting and BiotechnologyMany bacteria are essential in food industry (fermentation ofmeats, cheeses and beverages), agriculture (crop protectionagainst weeds, pathogenic bacteria, and fungi), biotechnology(producing fine chemicals, cofactors, amino acids, andindustrial enzymes) and the pharmaceutical industry (producingclinical antibiotics, anticancer, antiviral, veterinary, andimmunomodulatory drugs). This laboratory course examines howbasic biological understanding can lead to discovery of bacterialproducts, enzymes and activities useful to humankind. Wecombine core concepts from biochemistry, bacterial genetics,bioinformatics, chemistry and enzymology to study bacteria fromthe genus Streptomyces and close relatives. Lines of inquiryinclude environmental isolations, molecular toolbox and hostdevelopment, plus bioinformatic and laboratory-based analysesof secreted proteins and antibiotics. Prerequisites: Biol 2960 and2970. One hour of lecture and six hours of laboratory per week.This course fulfills the laboratory requirement for the biologymajor. Enrollment limited to 16.Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: NSM Arch: NSM Art: NSM BU: SCI

L41 Biol 3501 EvolutionA general survey of organic evolution covering both micro andmacroevolution. Topics include natural selection, adaptation,evolution of pathogens, formation of species and phylogeny.Prerequisite: Biol 2970.Credit 4 units. A&S IQ: NSM Art: NSM BU: SCI

L41 Biol 360 Biophysics LaboratoryThis laboratory course consists of "table-top" experimentsin biological physics that are designed to introduce thestudent to concepts, methods and biological model systemsin biophysics. Most experiments combine experimentationwith computer simulations. The list of available experiments

includes electrophysiology, human bioelectricity, opticaltweezers, ultrasonic imaging, mass spectrometer, and viscositymeasurements. Prerequisites: prior completion of Physics117A-118A, Physics 197-198 or permission of instructor.Same as L31 Physics 360Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: NSM, AN Art: NSM

L41 Biol 372 Behavioral EcologyThis course examines animal behavior from an evolutionaryperspective and explores the relationships between animalbehavior, ecology and evolution. Topics include foragingbehavior, mating systems, sexual selection, predator-preyrelationships, cooperation and altruism, competition and parentalcare. Prerequisite: Biol 2970 or permission of instructor.Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: NSM Art: NSM BU: SCI

L41 Biol 373 Laboratory on the Evolution of AnimalBehaviorThis course explores the costs, benefits and constraints thatdrive the evolution of animal behavior. It is divided into fourmodules: a brief overview of basic statistics, a lab on agonisticbehavior, a lab on animal communication, and a lab on sexualselection by female choice. Laboratory modules are hands-onand student driven. They begin with an overview of relevantliterature and a discussion of key questions that have beenaddressed experimentally in that field. Students are thenencouraged to apply these concepts into the design, executionand analysis of a research project aimed at answering a questionof their own choosing through the use of house crickets asa study system. A majority of class time is devoted to activelearning through the collection and analysis of data (each labmodule lasts four weeks). In addition, the course includes weeklypresentations by the instructor and class discussions on topicsthat help place the students' work into the broader context ofevolutionary theory. Prerequisites: Biol 2970 and Psych 100B orpermission of instructorCredit 3 units. A&S IQ: NSM BU: SCI

L41 Biol 374 Drugs, Brain and BehaviorThis course reviews information pertaining both to medicationsused to treat psychiatric disorders and to psychoactive drugs ofabuse. By learning principles of pharmacology and mechanismsof action of these agents, students develop an enhancedknowledge of the brain mechanisms underlying abnormalhuman behavior. Prerequisites: Psych 100B and one of thefollowing: Psych 354 or 3401 or 344.Same as L33 Psych 374Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: NSM Art: NSM BU: SCI

L41 Biol 381 Introduction to EcologyThis course explores the science of ecology, includingfactors that control the distribution and population dynamicsof organisms and the structure and function of biologicalcommunities. It regularly touches on applications of theseprinciples such as ecological responses to global climatechange, consequences of habitat fragmentation, and diseaseecology/conservation medicine. Principles of experimentaldesign, quantitative data analysis and interpretation, andmathematical models are critical to the field of ecology andare emphasized throughout the course. The class meetingshave an active learning format that includes lecture and regularstudent interaction during small group activities, discussions,and computer simulation labs. Assignments include regularhomework reading and occasional problem sets and computer

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pre- and post-lab activities. Prerequisite: Biol 2970 or Biol 2950or permission of instructor.Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: NSM Arch: NSM Art: NSM BU: SCI

L41 Biol 387 Undergraduate TeachingExceptional undergraduates serve as teaching assistants forlaboratory and/or discussion sections in departmental courses.Normally 2 or 3 units are given per semester, subject to theapproval of the instructor and the department. Credit may notbe counted toward fulfilling the biology major; application formin Department of Biology Student Affairs office. Prerequisite:permission of instructor. Credit/no credit only.Credit variable, maximum 3 units. A&S IQ: NSM Art: NSM

L41 Biol 388 Undergraduate TeachingExceptional undergraduates serve as teaching assistants forlaboratory and/or discussion sections in departmental courses.Normally 2 or 3 units are given per semester, subject to theapproval of the instructor and the department. Credit may notbe counted toward fulfilling the biology major; application formin Department of Biology Student Affairs office. Prerequisite:permission of instructor. Credit/No Credit only.Credit variable, maximum 3 units. A&S IQ: NSM Art: NSM

L41 Biol 4023 How Plants Work: Physiology, Growth andMetabolismThis course introduces students to the fundamentals of howplants grow, metabolize and respond to their environment.Topics covered include the conversion of light energy intochemical energy through photosynthesis and carbon fixation,nitrogen assimilation, water and mineral uptake and transport,source-sink relationships and long-distance transport of carbonand nitrogen, cell growth and expansion, hormone physiologyand physiological responses to a changing environment.Prerequisite: Biol 2970 or permission of instructors.Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: NSM Art: NSM BU: SCI

L41 Biol 4030 Biological ClocksBiological clocks are the endogenous oscillators that coordinatephysiological and behavioral rhythms in nearly all organisms.This course examines how these rhythms are generated andregulated. The material includes molecular, cellular and systemsphysiology and the relevance of biological timing to ecology andhealth in everything from protozoans to plants to people.Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: NSM Art: NSM

L41 Biol 404 Laboratory of NeurophysiologyNeurophysiology is the study of living neurons. Students recordelectrical activity of cells to learn principles of the nervoussystem including sensory transduction and coding, intercellularcommunication and motor control. The course meets for 9hours each week. Students may leave the lab for up to 2 hours.Prerequisites: Biol 3411 or Psych 4411 and permission ofStudent Coordinator, Erin Gerrity. Biol 3411 may be takenconcurrently.Credit 4 units. A&S IQ: NSM, WI Art: NSM

L41 Biol 4071 Developmental BiologyAn introduction to the molecular and cell biology of animaldevelopment. The course is divided into three broad sections,which cover 1) an introduction to the major cell-cell signalingsystems used during development and their study in model

organisms, 2) molecular studies of early vertebrate development,and 3) the biology of stem cells. The focus is on molecularapproaches applied to important model systems, but framed inclassical concepts. Prerequisites: Principles of Biology II (Biol2970); Cell Biology (Biol 334) and/or a course in biochemistryrecommended. Small class.Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: NSM Arch: NSM Art: NSM

L41 Biol 4181 Population GeneticsAn introduction to the basic principles of population andecological genetics. Mechanisms of microevolutionaryprocesses; integrated ecological and genetic approach to studythe adaptive nature of the evolutionary process. Prerequisite:Biol 2970.Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: NSM Art: NSM

L41 Biol 4182 MacroevolutionAn advanced introduction to the study of macroevolutionarypatterns and processes with emphasis on the systematicmethodology employed. Topics: theories of classification,phylogenetic reconstruction, testing of historical hypotheses,hierarchy theory, adaptation, extinction, speciation,developmental mechanisms of organismal evolution,biogeography. Prerequisite: permission of instructor.Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: NSM Arch: NSM Art: NSM

L41 Biol 4183 Molecular EvolutionA rigorous introduction to the study of evolution at the molecularlevel. Topics include the origin, amount, distribution andsignificance of molecular genetic variation within species,and use of molecular data in systematics and in testingmacroevolutionary hypotheses. Prerequisite: Biol 2970 orpermission of instructor.Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: NSM Art: NSM

L41 Biol 419 Community EcologyCommunity ecology is an interdisciplinary field that bridgesconcepts in biodiversity science, biogeography, evolutionand conservation. This course provides an introduction tothe study of pattern and process in ecological communitieswith an emphasis on theoretical, statistical and experimentalapproaches. Topics include: ecological and evolutionaryprocesses that create and maintain patterns of biodiversity;biodiversity and ecosystem function; island biogeography,metacommunity dynamics, niche and neutral theory; speciesinteractions (competition, predation, food webs), speciescoexistence and environmental change. The class formatincludes lectures, discussions, and computer labs focused onanalysis, modeling and presentation of ecological data using thestatistical program R. Prerequisites: Biol 2970 required, Biol 381recommended, or permission of instructor.Credit 4 units. A&S IQ: NSM Arch: NSM Art: NSM

L41 Biol 4193 Experimental Ecology LaboratoryThe goal of this course is to provide skills in the design,interpretation, and written presentation of results of ecologicalexperiments, with emphasis on hypothesis testing, samplingmethodology, and data analysis. Students have opportunitiesto address a variety of ecological questions using field,greenhouse, or laboratory (microcosm) studies. The course isdivided into a 5-hour lab period (generally held at the TysonResearch Station) and a 1.5-hour lecture/discussion period heldon campus. Occasional Saturday field trips to local sites (e.g.,

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forests, wetlands, prairies, streams) for in-depth study might bescheduled. This is a writing intensive course and grades arebased on written assignments, including final projects, and in-class participation. This course fulfills the upper-level laboratoryrequirement for the biology major. Prerequisites: permissionof instructor and at least one of the following: Biol 3501, Biol372, Biol 381, Biol 419, or Biol 472. Enrollment is limited to 15students.Credit 4 units. A&S IQ: NSM, WI Arch: NSM Art: NSM

L41 Biol 4202 Anthropological GeneticsThis course examines the principles of evolutionary genetics asapplied to complex characters such as morphology, behavior,life history and disease. Mathematical models of quantitativeinheritance and evolution are discussed. Special topics includekin selection, sexual dimorphism and conservation genetics.Prerequisite: Anthro 150A or introductory biology.Same as L48 Anthro 4202Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: NSM Arch: NSM Art: NSM

L41 Biol 424 ImmunologyBasic molecular and cellular aspects of the vertebrateimmune system with emphasis upon the interrelationships ofnonspecific and specific host defense against disease, thenature of immunological specificity and its underlying molecularbiology. Includes complement systems, immunochemistryand immunoassay, systems, the nature of cellular activationand effector generation, immunodeficiency, tolerance, tissuetransplantation, hypersensitivity, immune regulation and specificdiseases illustrative of the successes and failures of the immunesystem. Prerequisites: Biol 2970 and Chem 252.Credit 4 units. A&S IQ: NSM Arch: NSM Art: NSM

L41 Biol 4241 Immunology LaboratoryThe Immunology Laboratory introduces students to a varietyof common, broadly useful immunological techniques and thenallow each student to employ most of the learned techniques inaddressing a current research question. Experiments employmouse cells in vitro and emphasize quantitative analysis of thedata. Prerequisites: Biol 424 and permission of instructor.Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: NSM Arch: NSM Art: NSM BU: SCI

L41 Biol 4270 Problem Based Learning in BiomedicalSciencesGroups of 5-8 students are presented with medical case studiesthat are then researched and discussed under faculty guidance.Students take major responsibility for their own learningwithin their team. Prerequisite: Biol 2970; some experience inmolecular biology. A biology or science background is required.Same content as discontinued course Biol 427, but not WritingIntensive. Not available to students who have credit for Biol 427.Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: NSM Arch: NSM Art: NSM

L41 Biol 429 Cellular TransformationsCellular Transformations is a course developed for studentsinterested in using emerging technologies and cross-disciplinaryapproaches in design production and implementation. Thiscourse allows each student to develop abstract thinking andlearn modern design and fabrication processes including digitalmedia and 3D technologies. In this course, students learnthe basic principles underlying biological architecture, with aparticular emphasis on structures and processes responsible forcomplex architectures within cells. Students then use biological

design principles as inspiration for their individual projects.Through digital modeling and scanning of biological structures,each student develops a transformation process that analyzesthe performative aspects of a new emerging design. Thesedesigns are modeled through CADCAM (laser cutting) and RapidPrototyping (3D Printing) for physical outputs. Prerequisites: Biol2970 or Biol 334.Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: NSM Arch: NSM BU: SCI

L41 Biol 4342 Research Explorations in GenomicsA collaborative laboratory investigation of a problem incomparative genomics, utilizing a variety of bioinformatics toolsto manage and investigate large data sets (currently includinggenomic sequences, gene predictions, sequence conservation,gene expression). In spring '18 the research problem involvesimproving the sequence of a region of the Drosophila eugracilisgenome, and working with one of these sequences to examinepatterns of genome organization, gene structure and generegulation. Prerequisites: Biol 297A, Chem 111/112, 151/152.While Biol 3371 or Biol 437, and some familiarity with computerswould be advantageous, this is not required. Permission ofDr. Sarah Elgin is required. Fulfills the upper-level laboratoryrequirement for the biology major.Credit 4 units. A&S IQ: NSM Arch: NSM Art: NSM

L41 Biol 434W Research Explorations in Genomics (Writing-Intensive)Content equivalent to Biol 4342. Students electing the writingoption are required to revise each of three papers (on finishingof their fosmid; gene finding in a human/chip comparison; andannotating their fosmid) at least once.Credit 4 units. A&S IQ: NSM, WI Arch: NSM Art: NSM

L41 Biol 437 Laboratory on DNA ManipulationThis course provides investigation-driven research onexperimental manipulation of DNA and RNA molecules. Thisincludes the construction, isolation and analysis of plasmids,RNA, PCR products and DNA sequencing. Molecular cloning(genetic engineering), gene knockouts (mutants), RNA isolation,RT-PCR and microarray projects are performed. Prerequisites:Biol 2960 and Biol 2970. One hour of lecture and eight hoursof laboratory each week. This course fulfills the upper-levellaboratory requirement for the biology major. Enrollment islimited to 12. A laboratory fee is required for students who arenot full-time Washington University undergraduates.Credit 4 units. A&S IQ: NSM Art: NSM

L41 Biol 4492 Infectious Diseases: History, Pathology, andPreventionLeveraging the primary research literature, this course examinesthe history and pathology of infectious disease, the developmentof antibiotics and vaccines, the rise of antibiotic resistance, andthe emergence and reemergence of diseases including Zikavirus, Ebola and Tuberculosis. In addition to gaining insightsinto the underlying causes and treatment of infectious disease,students will hone their ability to identify important biologicalquestions, develop testable hypotheses, design experimentstailored to particular questions, and evaluate results. Througha series of written and oral assignments, students developthe skills to communicate about science effectively to both theresearch community and the general public. Prerequisites: Biol2960, 2970; Chem 261, 262, and Biol 500 or permission of theinstructor. Area A.

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Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: NSM BU: SCI

L41 Biol 451 General BiochemistryA study of structure-function relationships as applied tocarbohydrates, proteins and lipids; intermediary metabolism ofprincipal cellular components; and general aspects of regulation.Prerequisites: Biol 2970 and Chem 252 and permission ofdepartment. Recommended for students who have achievedgrades of B or better in the prerequisites. Students may notreceive credit for both Biol 4801 and Biol 451. Small class.Credit 4 units. A&S IQ: NSM Art: NSM BU: SCI

L41 Biol 4520 Protein Function in Model Cellular SystemsThe goal of this 3-credit laboratory course is to train studentsin the scientific method. Throughout this course, they study aprotein involved in a cellular process. Students, working in smallgroups, use bioinformatics to identify this protein in a number ofspecies, then use this information to hypothesize which residuesof the protein are important for its function. Over the courseof the semester, students test their hypotheses in two modelsystems for studying cellular function — the unicellular eukaryoteSaccharomyces cerevisiae and the multicellular eukaryotePhyscomitrella patens. The weekly lecture gives studentsthe background necessary to understand and perform theirexperiments, including information on a variety of bioinformaticstools, phylogeny, protein structure, molecular techniques, cellbiology, and microscopy. In addition, students use primaryliterature to understand the role their assigned protein plays intheir cellular process. Prerequisites: Biol 2960 and Biol 2970.Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: NSM Art: NSM

L41 Biol 4522 Laboratory in Protein Analysis, Proteomicsand Protein StructureIn this laboratory course, students learn principles and methodsof protein quantitation, protein purification, assessment of purityusing SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, separation ofcomplex protein mixtures by 2-dimensional gel electrophoresis,definition of units of enzymatic activity, and identification ofproteins using antibodies and/or mass spectrometry. The finalpart of the course introduces students to concepts of structuralbiology including protein crystallization, X-ray crystallographyand computer modeling of protein structures. Fulfills theupper-level laboratory requirement for the biology major.Prerequisites: Chem 252 and either Biol 451 or Biol 4501/Chem456. Permission of instructor required. Limit: eight students.Eight hours of laboratory/lecture per week.Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: NSM Arch: NSM Art: NSM BU: SCI

L41 Biol 4523 Molecular Methods in Enzyme AnalysisMolecular Methods in Enzyme Analysis. Understanding enzymestructure and function is essential in many important drug designprojects. This course focuses on common methods used toinvestigate enzyme active sites to elucidate binding interactionsbetween small molecules and enzymes. Students use 3Dprotein viewing software to design and model modifications toan enzyme active site, then perform those modifications usingrecombinant DNA technology and site-directed mutagenesis.This course also introduces other commonly used methods toassay active-site metals, characterize inhibitors, over-expressand purify proteins, and use UV spectroscopy to analyze enzymeactivity. This is an investigative course in which students performcollaborative research projects in small groups. Fulfills the upper-level laboratory requirement for the generic biology major andthe biochemistry track; intended for students who have no other

courses that fulfill these requirements. Prerequisite: Biol 2970.Limit 12.Credit 4 units. A&S IQ: NSM Arch: NSM BU: SCI

L41 Biol 4525 Structural Bioinformatics of Proteins (WritingIntensive)In this investigative laboratory course, students will be givenhigh-quality, experimentally determined, three-dimensionalstructural coordinates and will use cutting-edge bioinformaticstools and methods to evaluate and analyze these datasets.Some topics include: structural validation, protein-structureprediction, domain and motif recognition, secondary structureprediction, protein-protein and protein-ligand interactions, proteinand structure-based sequence alignments, inferring proteinfunction from structure, electrostatic interactions, and threadingand homology modeling. Upon completing their analyses,students will be responsible for writing a manuscript that will besubmitted to a scientific journal for publication. Prerequisites: Biol2960 and Chem 262. Fulfills upper-level laboratory requirementfor the biology major.Credit 4 units.

L41 Biol 4580 Principles of Human Anatomy andDevelopmentThis course will discuss the anatomy of most of the functionalsystems of the human body. Topics covered will includethe peripheral nervous system, respiration, circulation, theskeletal system, the gastro-intestinal tract, the urogenitalsystem, the male and female reproductive systems, locomotion,manipulation, mastication, vocalization, the visual system, theauditory system and the olfactory system. Selected topics inhuman embryology will also be introduced. The course providesvaluable preparation for any student interested in human biology,anthropology, medicine or the health sciences.Same as L48 Anthro 4581Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: NSM Art: NSM

L41 Biol 472 Behavioral EcologyThis course examines animal behavior from an evolutionaryperspective and explores the relationships between animalbehavior, ecology and evolution. Topics include mating systems,sexual selection, parental care, kin selection, and cooperation.There is a strong active learning component. Prerequisite: Biol2970 or permission of instructor.Credit 4 units. A&S IQ: NSM

L41 Biol 4810 General Biochemistry IThe first part of a two-semester survey of biochemistry. Thiscourse covers biological structures, enzymes, membranes,energy production and an introduction to metabolism.Prerequisites: Biol 2960 and Chem 262. Large class.Same as L07 Chem 481Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: NSM Arch: NSM Art: NSM

L41 Biol 4820 General Biochemistry IITopics include carbohydrate, lipid and amino acid metabolism,signal transduction, transport across membranes, DNAreplication and repair, transcription and translation, molecularmotors, mechanisms of drug action, and the biosynthesis ofnatural products, biofuels, and biomaterials. Prerequisites: Biol2960 and Chem 262. Large class.Same as L07 Chem 482

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Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: NSM Arch: NSM Art: NSM

L41 Biol 4832 Molecular Mechanisms of Photosynthesis andRespirationPhotosynthesis is a biological process whereby the Sun'senergy is captured and stored by a series of events that convertthe pure energy of light into the free energy needed to powerlife. Respiration is a biological process that extracts energyin a usable form from high-energy compounds produced byphotosynthesis. This course examines these essential biologicalprocesses at the molecular level in both bacterial and eukaryoticorganisms. Emphasis is on chemiosmotic principles as well asthe structure and mechanism of action of the protein complexesthat carry out photosynthesis and respiration. Additional topicsinclude the assembly and regulation of these protein complexesand the origin and evolution of these processes. Prerequisite:Chem 482, Biol 4820 or Biol 451 or permission of instructor.Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: NSM

L41 Biol 4833 Protein BiochemistryThe focus of this course is protein biochemistry, and is intendedto build upon General Biochemistry (Chem 481). In this coursewe will focus on protein structure, folding, and techniques topurify and characterize protein activity. We will progress frominitial studies to first understand protein fold and function tocurrent efforts to better characterize protein structure-functionrelationships. We will also highlight human diseases that areunderpinned by protein misfolding. This course will focus onreading and understanding primary literature, including landmarkpapers along with more recent work. During the second halfof the semester, each student will select a paper and preparea written analysis of that paper. The student will then presentthe paper and lead a journal club style discussion of the paper.Prerequisites: Chem 481 or instructor's permission.Credit 3 units. A&S IQ: NSM Arch: NSM Art: NSM

L41 Biol 487 Undergraduate TeachingExceptional undergraduates serve as teaching assistants forlaboratory and/or discussion sections in departmental courses.Normally 2 or 3 units are given per semester, subject to theapproval of the instructor and the department. Credit may notbe counted toward fulfilling the biology major; application formin Department of Biology Student Affairs office. Prerequisite:permission of instructor. Credit/no credit only.Credit variable, maximum 3 units. Art: NSM

L41 Biol 488 Undergraduate TeachingExceptional undergraduates serve as teaching assistants forlaboratory and/or discussion sections in departmental courses.Normally 2 or 3 units are given per semester, subject to theapproval of the instructor and the department. Credit may notbe counted toward fulfilling the biology major; application formin Department of Biology Student Affairs office. Prerequisite:permission of instructor. Credit/No Credit only.Credit variable, maximum 3 units.

L41 Biol 493 Seminar in Advanced BiologyIn special cases, credit may be given for individual study. Topicsof study and credit must be arranged with a faculty sponsor andapproved by the department.Credit variable, maximum 4 units. A&S IQ: NSM Art: NSM

L41 Biol 4933 Molecular Biology on the Cutting EdgeRecent biomedical discoveries have been greatly advancedthrough the development of innovative, state-of-the-arttechniques. For example, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR)has proved to be an invaluable tool in both efforts to determinethe atomic structure of proteins and small molecules, as well asin clinical settings, as MRI to identify tumors that would otherwisego unnoticed. This course introduces students to a variety ofcutting-edge laboratory techniques, and discusses the impact ofthese techniques on biology and medicine. Students have theunique opportunity to learn from graduate students employingthese approaches in their doctoral studies. Topics to be coveredinclude: high-throughput sequencing of genetic disorders, x-ray crystallography, and single molecule force spectroscopy byAFM. Weekly classes consist of a 30-45 minute presentationon a particular technique, followed by a 60-minute discussion ofthe assigned readings. Prerequisites: Biol 2960 and 2970 and atleast one semester of Biol 500 or equivalent research experienceapproved by the course master.Credit 2 units. A&S IQ: NSM Arch: NSM Art: NSM

L41 Biol 4934 Neuroscience Futures 2Students in this course engage with the neuroscience communityboth at Washington University and beyond by attending,summarizing and discussing neuroscience seminars on campusthroughout the semester. Specifically, students are expectedto attend three neuroscience seminars over the course of thesemester and submit summaries of each seminar. Studentsmeet twice during the semester, in week 5 and week 11, forguided discussion of the science in the seminars they attended.Additionally, students in this seminar attend two combinedclasses with Neuroscience Futures 1 during the first and lastweeks of the semester. In both meetings, students have anopportunity to give brief presentations on their own research.The last class combines short student presentations with akeynote address from an invited speaker from within or outsidethe Washington University neuroscience community.Credit 1 unit. BU: SCI

L41 Biol 4935 Undergraduate Research PerspectivesThe purpose of this course is for undergraduates to acquire abroad perspective on their hands-on research. What are your bigquestions? How will you communicate your discoveries? Howdo your results fit with what has gone before? Each semesterwill have a focus, which might be science communication,statistics or critical reading, for example. Required activities mayinclude weekly writing, participation in the undergraduate postersession, research, presentations and attendance. Enrollmentis by permission only from Joan Strassmann. This course isrequired for undergraduates conducting research in the Queller/Strassmann laboratories and is open to other students involvedin research. Joan Strassmann, David Queller, and selectedpostdoctoral fellows.Credit variable, maximum 3 units. A&S IQ: NSM BU: SCI

L41 Biol 4936 Seminars in Ecology and EvolutionWhat: At least once a week there are seminars from researchersin ecology or evolution. These seminars are given by localpeople and by visitors. This semester there are also a numberof presentations by job candidates. The point of these seminarsis to learn about exciting research. What questions are theyasking? What are they discovering? What new scientific storiescan we hear about ecology or evolution? What makes up thesefields anyway? The seminars are often followed by receptions

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which are a chance to get to know each other better and to askquestions. This course invites undergraduates to listen to thesepresentations and write about them. After all, this is a major partof the ideas climate at WashU. It would be a great idea to getin the habit of going to seminars, with this course, or without. Inaddition to attending seminars, we will meet three times duringthe semester, early on and a couple of times later. When: Mostseminars are at 4:00 on Thursdays, though some are on otherdays. The three meetings will be arranged at a time that worksfor the students in the course. Small class. No final.Credit 1 unit.

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