biology plants 1

8/3/2019 Biology Plants 1

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Calendula officinalisEnglish Name : Calendula, Pot MarigoldHindi Name : Zergul, Genda fulSanskrit Name : ZenduCalendula officinalis is a herb common in India. It is grown as ornamental garden plant. It is also found in many parts of the world, like USA, Europe.

This plant is a member of Asteraceae plant family.

This is an eract herb or under shrub.The stem is glandular, hairy and angular. The leaves are simple,entire and upper ones are lanceolate.The flowers are yellowto orange in colour.

Usage:

In Ayurveda the plant is used for treatment of general debility gastrointestinaland genitourinary infections. Also, useful in skin diseases

Especie vegetal: Calndula (Calendula officinalis L.).

Familia: Compositae (Asteraceae).

Otros nombres: Flamenquilla, galndula, maravilla, flor de muerto.

Partes usadas: Inflorescencias.

Descripcin: Es una planta anual o bienal de 30-50 cm de altura. Presenta una raz principal y numerosas races secundarias finas. El tallo es erecto, angular y ramificado. Las hojas son alternas, con base espatulada, oblongas o lanceoladas y tomentosa. Las inflorescencias son captulos florales terminales y solitarios, de gran tamao. Presenta flores tubulares de un color amarillo anaranjado y flores ligul

adas de un amarillo vivo. Estas flores son estriles y carecen de estambres, mientras que el ovario est muy reducido. Las inflorescencias tienen un olor fuerte y desagradable.

Reino: PlantaeDivisin: MagnoliophytaClase: MagnoliopsidaSubclase: AsteridaeOrden: AsteralesFamilia: AsteraceaeSubfamilia: Asteroideae

Tribu: CalenduleaeGnero: CalendulaEspecie: C. officinalis______________________________

Botanical Name : vernonia anthelminticaEnglish Name : Iron weed, Purlple fleebaneHindi Name : Kali jiri, Ban jiraSanskrit Name : Aranyajirakvernonia anthelmintica is found in India and Sri lanka. Other synonim Conyza anthelmintica and Centratherum anthelminticum, Syn. Serratula Anthelmintica,

This herb is a member of Asteraceae plant family.


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This is a small annual erect plant. The stem is leafy and hairy. The leaves arelanceolate, acute and serrate, pubescent on both the sides. The lowering seasonis December to February. The flowers are purpleor violet bract one at the top ofthe peducle. The seeds are black.

Usage:

The seeds are hot and have sharp taste, seeds are used as anthelmintic and purgative in minute dose. Sometimes used externally for skin diseases. This is different from Carum carvi. Carum carvi is also known as kala zira or shah zira

Kingdom Plantae PlantsSubkingdom Tracheobionta Vascular plantsSuperdivision Spermatophyta Seed plantsDivision Magnoliophyta Flowering plantsClass Magnoliopsida DicotyledonsSubclass AsteridaeOrder Asterales

Family AsteraceaeAster familyGenus Vernonia Schreb. ironweed P

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Botanical Name : Alangium salviifoliumEnglish Name : Sage-leaf AlangiumHindi Name : Ankol, VangSanskrit Name : AnkolAlangium salviifolium is a tree found in India. It is also found in Western Afri

ca, Madagascar, Southern Asia, Philippines and tropical Australia, and the Pacific Islands .

This tree is a member of Alangeceae plant family..

This is Tall thorny tree . It grows to a height of about 3 to 10 meters.The barkis ash colored, rough and faintly fissured. The leaves are elliptic oblong, elliptic lanceolate or oblong lanceolate. The flowers are greenish white, fascilcled, axillary or on old wood. The berries are ovoid, ellipsoid or nearly globose.glabrous, smooth and violet to purple. The flowering season is February to June.

Usage:

In Ayurveda the roots and the fruits are used for treatment of rheumatism, and hemorrhoid.Externally it is used for the treatment of bites of rabbits, rats, anddogs

Clasificacin cientficaReino: PlantaeSubreino: TracheobiontaDivisin: MagnoliophytaClase: MagnoliopsidaSubclase: RosidaeOrden: Cornales

Familia: CornaceaeGnero: AlangiumLam.


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Botanical Name : Aegle MarmelosEnglish Name : Wood apple, Indian QuinceHindi Name : Bel, Bael

Sanskrit Name : Bilva, ShivafalBael, a Sacred tree of India, is mentioned in very old Literature. This tree isnative to India, but is also found in Sri Lanka and Myanmar.

Bael is a tree from Rutaceae plant family. This is a small thorny tree. The leaves are 3 foliate. The leaflets are lancelet. The flowers bloom in April to May.Color of the flower is greenish white. The fruits are globosely with woody rindyellowish in color. The pulp of the fruit is sweet and orange in color.

Usage:

The pulp of the fruit is used for making Jam and pickles. The pulp is very goodfor curing digestive disorders. It is also a good tonic for general vitality. The leaves are used for religious purpose in India. Tender fruits and pulp of ripeand matured fruits, are converted into Jam etc. The fruits besides being medicine are good herbal supplement. Roots are also used as medicinal herb.

Kingdom Plantae PlantsSubkingdom Tracheobionta Vascular plantsSuperdivision Spermatophyta Seed plantsDivision Magnoliophyta Flowering plantsClass Magnoliopsida DicotyledonsSubclass Rosidae

Order SapindalesFamily Rutaceae Rue familyGenus Aegle Corr. Serr. aegleSpecies Aegle marmelos (L.) Corr. Serr. Indian bael--------------------------------------------------------------------

Botanical Name : Enicostema littoraleEnglish Name : whiteheadHindi Name : Chhota Chirata, MamejavoEnicostema littorale is an herb found in many parts of India. This herb is alsofound in South America and some parts of Africa.

Enicostema littorale is an herb from the plant family Gentianaceae. Sometimes this is spelled as Enicostemma littorale. This is an annual or perennial herb. Thestems are often angular or rounded. The leaves are narrow. The white flowers are arranged in circles in leaf axils along the stem. The seeds are round.

Usage:

Mainly it is used along with other herbs for the treatment of Diabetes Type 2. The whole plant is useful as Ayurvedic herbal medicine.

Kingdom Plantae Plants

Subkingdom Tracheobionta Vascular plantsSuperdivision Spermatophyta Seed plantsDivision Magnoliophyta Flowering plants


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Class Magnoliopsida DicotyledonsSubclass AsteridaeOrder GentianalesFamily Gentianaceae Gentian familyGenus Enicostema Blume whiteheadSpecies Enicostema verticillatum (L.) Engl. ex Gilg whitehead

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Botanical Name : Datura Innoxia, Datura suaveolensEnglish Name : Thorn apple. ToloacheHindi Name : DhaturaSanskrit Name : DhaturDatura Innoxia and other similar spices are found in India and other Tropical countries including Central America.

Datura is an herb of plant family Solanaceae. This is a small shrub. The branches are purplish, pubescent and spotted with white patches. The leaves are alternate, broadly ovate-acute entire or toothed. The Flowers are axillary, solitary, peduncle and small white violet with musk like fragrance. The fruits are round and thorny.

Usage:

In minute quantity, the seeds and leaves are narcotic and antispasmodic.

Caution:

All parts of the plant contain alkaloids which are toxic and may cause death iftaken in large quantities. Roots, Stem, leaves, flowers and fruits are used in Ayurveda as medicinal herb.

Kingdom Plantae PlantsSubkingdom Tracheobionta Vascular plantsSuperdivision Spermatophyta Seed plantsDivision Magnoliophyta Flowering plantsClass Magnoliopsida DicotyledonsSubclass AsteridaeOrder SolanalesFamily Solanaceae Potato familyGenus Datura L. jimsonweedSpecies Datura inoxia Mill. pricklyburr

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Botanical Name : Gymnema sylvestreEnglish Name : Miracle fruitHindi Name : Gurmar, Madhunashini, Chhhoti Dudhilatta

Sanskrit Name : MeshashringiGymnema sylvestre is a plant native to India. This plant is generally found in S


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outhern India.

Gymnema sylvestre is a member of Asclepiadaceae plant family. This is a woody climber. The leaves are ovate, elliptic, small in addition, acute. The flowers areyellow and in umbellate cymes, bracts small. Calyx of 5 segments and deeply divided. The follicles are beaked and the seeds are comose.

Usage:

The sugar will not taste sweet if tasted after chewing the leaves of this herb.The herb is useful for stimulating the heart; it increases urine secretion and good for the treatment of Diabetes 2 type. The leaves are useful for the Ayurvedic herbal medicine.

Kingdom Plantae PlantsSubkingdom Tracheobionta Vascular plantsSuperdivision Spermatophyta Seed plants

Division MagnoliophytaFlowering plantsClass Magnoliopsida Dicotyledons

Subclass AsteridaeOrder GentianalesFamily Asclepiadaceae Milkweed familyGenus Gymnema R. Br. gymnemaSpecies Gymnema sylvestre (Retz.) Schult. miracle fruit

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Botanical Name : Rubia cordifoliaEnglish Name : Madder root, Bengal MadderHindi Name : Majith

Sanskrit Name : ManjisthaRubia cordifolia is a plant native to India. Generally this plant is found on the Himalayan side of India.

Rubia cordifolia is a member of Rubiaceae plant family. This is a climbing perennial herb. The roots are long and the bark is red. The leaves are in two pairs.One pair is larger than the other. The flowers bloom in October to January in terminal panicle cymes.Usage:

The roots are natural red dye. The roots are very effective in Purifying blood.The roots are tonic and astringent. The roots and fruits are useful as Ayurvedicherbal medicine.

Reino: PlantaeSubreino: TracheobiontaDivisin: MagnoliophytaClase: MagnoliopsidaSubclase: AsteridaeOrden: GentianalesFamilia: RubiaceaeSubfamilia: Rubioideae

Tribu: RubieaeGnero: RubiaEspecie: R. cordifolia


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Botanical Name : Annona squamosaEnglish Name : Custard Apple, Sugar AppleHindi Name : Sitafal, SharifaSanskrit Name : SitafalCustard apple is a plant common in India It is also found in Central America, Peru, Brazil, Mexico and West Indies.In south east Asia this tree is very common.

This tree is a member of Annonaceae plant family.

This is a deciduous tree. It grows to a height of 3 to5 meters, with light-black, rough, longitudinally fissured bark.The leaves are elliptic-oblong oroblong lanceolate, rarely obovate and petiolate. The flowers are solitary or 2-3 fascicled, axillary or leaf opposed. The fruits are 5-10 cms. across, globose or cordate-ovoid with projecting areoles.The flowering season is April to August.

Usage:

In Ayurveda the fruits are used for treatment of anemia, and vomiting. The seedsare used EXTERNALLY for the treatment of Lice infestation on the human body (al

so known as pediculosis).

Chemical compounds obtained:

Amorphous alkaloids, a & b - pinine, resin, squaosin are obtained from this plant.

Kingdom Plantae PlantsSubkingdom Tracheobionta Vascular plantsSuperdivision Spermatophyta Seed plantsDivision Magnoliophyta Flowering plantsClass Magnoliopsida DicotyledonsSubclass MagnoliidaeOrder MagnolialesFamily Annonaceae Custard-apple familyGenus Annona L. annonaSpecies Annona squamosa L. sugar apple

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Botanical Name : Bryonopsis laciniosaEnglish Name : Lollipop plant


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Hindi Name : ShivlingiSanskrit Name : -Bryonopsis laciniosa is a herb common in India It is found in many parts of theworld, like USA. This is counted as an invasive plant.

This plant is a member of Cucurbitaceae plant family.

This is a herbaceous, slender, extensive, monoecious climber.The leaves are palmately 3-7 lobed, membranous, and glabrous. The flowers are creamy white, in axillary fascicles. The berries are nearly sphericle and smooth. The seeds are obovate, creamy-white or pale yellow, minutely scorbiculate. The flowering season isAugust to December.

Usage:

In Ayurveda the leaves and the seeds are used for treatment of fevers with flatulance and as tonic, the plant is also useful in inflamation.

Kingdom: Plantae(unranked): Angiosperms(unranked): Eudicots(unranked): AsteridsOrder: LamialesFamily: AcanthaceaeGenus: PachystachysSpecies: P. lutea---------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Botanical Name : Plumbago zeylanicaEnglish Name : Wild leadwort

Hindi Name : ChitrakSanskrit Name : ChitrakPlumbago zeylanica is a herb native to India and South East Asia and Also, in Hawaii, Virgin Island.

Plumbago zeylanica is a member of Plumbaginaceae plant family. This evergreen small shrub grows to a height of about 3 to 4 feet. The ovate leaves are thick andflashy. The flowers are either red alternatively, white in thick racemes.

Usage:

The roots in minute dosages are stimulant for liver.

Caution: Chitrak in large dosage may be toxic; it may lead to abortion in pregnant women. The roots are used as medicinal herb.

Kingdom Plantae PlantsSubkingdom Tracheobionta Vascular plantsSuperdivision Spermatophyta Seed plantsDivision Magnoliophyta Flowering plantsClass Magnoliopsida DicotyledonsSubclass CaryophyllidaeOrder Plumbaginales

Family Plumbaginaceae Leadwort familyGenus Plumbago L. leadwortSpecies Plumbago zeylanica L. wild leadwort


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