biology: genetics unit vocabularylpasciak.weebly.com/uploads/5/8/8/2/58827447/biochemv… · web...

TR.VOCAB.1ABIOCHEMISTRY UNIT VOCABULARY CHART

Word Definition Word Part Visual1. acid pH below 7; forms H+ ions acidu=sour

2. aerobic respiration

The breakdown of carbohydrates in the presence of O2 to make CO2, H2O, and ATP (energy)

aer=airbio=lifespirare=to breathe

3. amino acid The subunit of a protein

4. anaerobic respiration

The breakdown of carbohydrates without O2 to make CO2, H2O, and ATP (energy)

an=notaer=airbio=life

5. base pH above 7, creates OH- ions

6. capillary action Tendency of water to rise in a thin tube, property of water that allows nutrients to travel from roots to the leaves of plants through the vascular tissue

capillaries= tiny, hair-thin

7. carbohydrate Monosaccharides are the building blocks; sugar: major source of energy for the body

2009 97 Biology Reteaching Resource


8. cellular respiration

The process by which carbohydrate molecules are broken down to release ATP (energy)C6H12O6 + O2 CO2 + H20 + ATP (Energy)

9. cohesion Attraction between molecules of the same type; Ex. surface tension, which causes liquids to form spherical droplets, is caused by cohesion

cohesive=stick together

10. compound A substance composed of atoms of two or more

elements linked by chemical bonds

11. enzyme A protein that acts as a catalyst and speeds up biochemical reactions

en=in zyme=leaven

12. fatty acid Subunit of a lipid

13. lipid Stores energy; includes fats, oils, waxes; nonpolar - not soluble in water

lipos=fat

Related word: liposuction



14. minerals Inorganic compound that the body needs in small amounts, one not made from living things and does not contain carbon

minera=ore, rock

15. molecule Group of atoms that form the smallest unit of a substance that can retain its chemical properties

moles=tiny

16. monosaccharide Subunit of a carbohydrate, ex=glucose mono=onesacchar=sugar

17. nucleic acid Stores genetic information; composed of nucleotides; ex= DNA and RNA

nucleus=nut, kernel

18. nucleotide A subunit of nucleic acids (DNA and RNA); consists of a sugar, phosphate and N base; in DNA they form a series of units called genes



19. nutrient Chemical substance that organisms require to live nutriens=nourishing

20. pH Term used to describe the acidity of a solution

21. photosynthesis Process by which autotrophs take in sunlight, H2O, and CO2 to make glucose (C6H12O6) and oxygen

photo=lightsynthesis=to put together

22. polar molecule A molecule that has a partial negative charge on one side and a partial positive charge on the other; hydrophilic

polus=pole

23. protein Polypeptide; needed for growth, structure, and enzymes; composed of amino acids

protos=first

24. solution Mixture composed of solute and solvent



25. solvent The substance in which a solute is dissolved to form a solution; water is the universal solvent

26. vitamins Organic molecule that the body needs to regulate body processes

vita=life

27. water H2O; polar molecule that expands upon freezing making it less dense as a solid than as a liquid (so ice floats)

28. ATP (Adenosine Tri-Phosphate)

Energy storage molecule; created during the process of cellular respiration

Tri=three

29. inorganicA molecule that does not contain chains of carbon; ex=water and minerals

In=not



30. organic A molecule that contains chains of carbon; examples:carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, vitamins

31. catalyst Substance that speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction

Cata=lowerLys=loosen

32. chemosynthesis Occurs in the absence of light; organisms produce their own food using inorganic substances

Synthesis=to make

33. heredity Transmission of genetic material from parent to offspring

Hered=heir

34. homeostasis Process by which organisms maintain relatively stable internal conditions

Homo=sameStasis=fixed, stable

35. hydrogen bond A bond between polar molecules, especially water

36. metabolism The sum of building and breaking reactions happening in living things

Metabol= change



37. reproduction The creation of new cells/organisms from existing ones (sexual or asexual)

38. solute The substance dissolved into the solvent to make a solution

Solver=to loosen or dissolve

39. substrate Reactant of an enzyme catalyzed reaction; the molecule that gets broken down or built

40. vitamin C Vitamin that assists with wound healing

41. vitamin D Vitamin that assists with bone growth

42. vitamin K Vitamin that assists with blood clotting


TR.VOCAB.1A


biology: genetics unit vocabularylpasciak.weebly.com/uploads/5/8/8/2/58827447/biochemv… · web...

Documents