Biology Core

9. Differentiate between the previous five-kingdom and current six-kingdom classification systems.

Objectiv e B.9.1: List the five kingdoms in the previous five-kingdom classification system.

Objective B..9.2: Identify Monera as the kingdom that branched off to form the sixth kingdom.

Objective B.9.3: Name the newly established kingdom as Archaebacteria.

Objective B.9.4: Explain why habitat differences led to the formation of the new kingdom.

Objective B.9.5: Differentiate among the major characteristics of the six kingdoms.

Additional content to be taught:• Writing scientific names accurately by using binomial nomenclature

Classification of Living Things

By: Karl Fernandez

Taxonomy

The branch of biology concerned with

identifying, naming, and classifying

organisms.

Brief History of Classification

• 4th Century BC (384-322 BC)

Aristotle

• Greek Philosopher

Divided all organisms into 2 kingdoms: Animals and Plants

Air

Land

Water

Text

Wanted to subdivide the animals by where they lived....

But how would you group this animal?

Air

LandWater

• 18th Century

Carolus Linnaeus

• Swedish Botanist

(Carl von Linné)

• Father of Taxonomy

• Developed the Binomial System

Binomial System

Binomial Nomenclature"Two Names" "System of Naming"

A system of naming species of organisms

1. An organism is given two names in Latin

2. The first name is called the genus

3. The second name is called the species

4. Both the genus and species are either underlined or italicized

5. The genus is capitalized, while the species is not

For example...

Genus:

Species:

homo

sapiens

Homo sapiens

Classification Categories

KingdomPhylum

Class

Order

Family

Genus

Species

Classification Categories

KingdomPhylum

Class

Order

Family

Genus

Species

KingPhilipCameOverForGrandma’sSoup

Five-Kingdom System

Monera

Protista

Animalia

FungiPlantae

Six-Kingdom System

Eubacteria

Protista

Animalia

FungiPlantae

Archaebacteria

Archaebacteria• Means “ancient bacteria”

• Unicellular

• Prokaryotic

• Found living in harsh environments

- Extreme high temperatures

- High salinity (salt levels)

- No oxygen (anaerobic environments)

• Some are chemosynthetic autotrophs (produce their own food using inorganic substances, like sulfur)

• Most are heterotrophic (obtain food from organic substances)

Eubacteria• Means “true bacteria”

• Unicellular

• Prokaryotic

• Some cause diseases

- Tooth decay

- Food poisoning

• Both autotrophic and heterotrophic

Protista

• Most are unicellular

• Eukaryotic

• Most reproduce asexually

(Protoctista)

• Locomotion by cilia, flagella, or pseudopodia (“false foot”)

• Includes Euglena, Paramecium, and Amoeba

Fungi • Eukaryotic

• Multicellular

• Cell walls contain material called chitin

• Heterotrophic

• Act as decomposers or parasites in nature

• Includes molds, mildews, mushrooms, and yeast

Plantae • Eukaryotic

• Multicellular

• Cell walls contain cellulose

• Photosynthetic autotrophs (produce their own food using sunlight)

• Includes:

- Mosses

- Ferns

- Gymnosperms (cone-bearing plants)

- Angiosperms (flowering plants)

Animalia • Eukaryotic

• Multicellular

• Animal cells have cell membranes, not cell walls

• Invertebrates (do not have a backbone)

• Vertebrates (have a backbone)

• Includes:

- Fish

- Birds

- Reptiles

- Mammals

- Sponges

- Jellyfish

- Worms

- Sea Stars

- Insects

Classify the Organisms

Eubacteria

Protista

AnimaliaFungi

Plantae

Archaebacteria

Eubacteria

Protista

AnimaliaFungi

Plantae

Archaebacteria

Eubacteria

Protista

AnimaliaFungi

Plantae

Archaebacteria

Eubacteria

Protista

AnimaliaFungi

Plantae

Archaebacteria

Eubacteria

Protista

AnimaliaFungi

Plantae

Archaebacteria

Eubacteria

Protista

AnimaliaFungi

Plantae

Archaebacteria

Eubacteria

Protista

AnimaliaFungi

Plantae

Archaebacteria

Eubacteria

Protista

AnimaliaFungi

Plantae

Archaebacteria

Eubacteria

Protista

AnimaliaFungi

Plantae

Archaebacteria

Eubacteria

Protista

AnimaliaFungi

Plantae

Archaebacteria

Eubacteria

Protista

AnimaliaFungi

Plantae

Archaebacteria

Eubacteria

Protista

AnimaliaFungi

Plantae

Archaebacteria

The End