Biology

Chapter 1 Review

Definitions of Life and Organisms

What is Biology?

Biology

• The study of life– Bios = life– Logos = study

• Life is defined by characteristics or actions

• Life is identified by a basic building block

Biology is………

• Study living things• Orderly and

sequential• Study their

environments and interactions

• Lots of specialties• Lots of ways to study• Part of your daily life

Biology is everywhere in our daily lives !

What specialty deals with this situation?

1-2 What Are Living Things?

• Organism is a complete, entire living thing

• They have certain required traits or characteristics

• You are an organism

Characteristics of Organisms• We may use this list

of identifiable traits to check on whether something is living (an organism)

• Living shows all of these traits

• Dead used to show the traits but not now

• Non-living never showed the traits or only some of them

The Structure of Life• The basic unit of

structure as well as function of all living things (organisms) is the cell. This is common to all life

Made of 1 or more cells

Obtain and Use Energy

Nutrition• Activities in the

pursuit and use of food substances

Respond to Stimuli in their Environment

Response/Regulation

• Living things use many processes to respond to stimuli (changes in the internal or external environment) and adjust for survival. A balance (homeostasis) is maintained between all processes. Control and coordination is crucial

Adapt and change to surroundings

Grow and Develop

Growth• Increase in cell size

and/or cell number from within an organism

Reproduce

Reproduction

• The individual organism does not have to reproduce to survive; but the species only survives if enough individuals replicate offspring like themselves

Have Universal Genetic Code

Maintain Stable Internal Environment

• Both positive and negative feedback systems

• Interconnected

• Interrelated

Synthesis

• Small molecules are connected chemically to create larger, more complex molecules (proteins, nucleic acids, lipids, carbohydrates,) needed by the body and its activities.

Respiration

• The removal of energy from food

• The conversion of that energy into usable ATP for cells

Transport• Movement of

materials into and around a cell and/or an entire body

Excretion

• Removal of cellular waste products left over from all the chemical activities (metabolism) of the body before they can build up and poison or pollute the internal environment Nothing can survive for

long in its own wastes!

Actions of Life

• Nutrition

• Synthesis

• Growth/development

• Response/regulation

• Respiration/transport/excretion

• Reproduction

• Life means not just one, or a few, but all of these together

What is matter?

• Has mass and occupies space

• All objects made of matter

• Matter appears as elements/compounds

• Elements/atoms:Compounds/molecules

• Living matter consists of atoms of C, H, O, N, S, and P in different percentages

Element distribution

What do organisms need?

• Energy

• Water

• Air

• Temperature

• Space

• For homeostasis – a balance among all the activities of the body

Energy

Autotroph

Heterotroph

Herbivore

Carnivore

Decomposer

Water

• 2/3 of your body• Dissolve/transport• For chemical

reactions• Support in plants

Air

• Oxygen for respiration• From atmosphere or

water• Carbon dioxide for

photosynthesis• Some are anaerobic,

like Clostridium botulinum

Temperature

• Exotherm – cold-blooded

• Endotherm – warm-blooded

• Oxygen content of water

• Small range of temp.

Living Space

• Area in which to live• Provides food, water,

sunlight, temperature, air and shelter

• Can’t be contaminated

THE END