biology 23.3
TRANSCRIPT
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23.3 Stems
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Point on a stem where a leaf is attached
Node
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Region between nodes on plant stems
Internode
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Plant structure containing undeveloped tissue that can produce new stems and leaves
Bud
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Plant stem structure that contains xylem and phloem tissue
Vascular Bundle
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Parenchyma cells inside the ring of vascular tissue in dicot stems
Pith
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the type of plant growth that occurs at the tips of roots and shoots
Primary Growth
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Pattern of plant growth in which stems increase in width
Secondary Growth
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Lateral meristematic tissue that produces vascular tissues and increases the thickness of the stem over time
Vascular Cambium
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Lateral meristematic tissue that produces the outer covering of stems
Cork Cambium
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Older xylem near the center of a woody stem that no longer conducts water
Heartwood
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Area in plants that surrounds heartwood and is active in fluid transport
Sapwood
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Tree structure that includes all tissues outside the vascular cambium, including phloem, the cork cambium, and cork
Bark
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In general, stems have three important functions: They produce leaves, branches, and flowers; they hold leaves up to the sunlight; and they transport substances between roots and leaves.
Key Concept
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In monocots, vascular bundles are scattered throughout the stem. In dicots and most gymnosperms, vascular bundles are arranged in a cylinder.
Key Concept
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Primary growth of stems is produced by cell divisions in the apical meristem. It takes place in all seed plants.
Key Concept
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In conifers and dicots, secondary growth takes place in lateral meristematic tissues called the vascular cambium and cork cambium.
Key Concept