Land-Use PlanningChapter 13

Cities

• Cities cover less than 2% of earth’s surface• London requires 58 times its size in land area in

order to supply its citizens with timber and food• Location of cities

– Trade routes • Waterways• Railways (1800s)• Highways (rise of fast food and service industry)

– Fast Food Nation Eric Schlosser

Cities

– Rural-Urban shift• Industrial revolution (economic)• European immigrants• Cultural reasons

Scale and speed of urbanization

• Move to the cities– 1850 – 2% of people in cities– 1950 - 30% of people in cities– 2000 - 47% of people in cities

• Consider increased global population

• Facts– 33 % of population in Canada lives in Toronto,

Montreal, Vancouver, and Ottawa-Hull– Tokyo – 28 million!!!!!!– Continuous cities

50% growth (1995-2015)

City 1995 (millions) 2015 (millions)

Bombay 15 26

Lagos 10 24

Delhi 10 17

Karachi 9 19

Manila 9 14

Jakarta 8 14

Dhaka 8 19

Scale and speed of urbanization

• Move to the cities

• Sprawl– The spread of urban and suburban areas

across the landscape– Lifestyle, economy, and planning/policy (see

text)– View points

• Development or displacement• Good, bad, or does it reflect values?

The “Burbs”

• Industrial Revolution– Uncontrolled pollution in cities centers– People left for city outskirts (if they could

afford it)

• Modern (trend increased)– Central city (60% of population in 1950, 30%

in 1990)– Results

• Decrease farmland• Decrease wild areas

Problems with unplanned urban growth (review text)

• Transportation

• Air pollution

• Low energy efficiency

• Loss of community

• Death of central city (revitalization?)

• Higher infrastructure

• Loss of open space and farmland

Problems with unplanned urban growth (cont)

• Water pollution

• Floodplain problems

• Wetlands misuse

Ecological footprint

• The aspects of human life that use resources or generate waste

• Average Canadian requires about 3.5 ha of land

• Vancouver– 1.8 million people– 4,000 square km– Ecological foot print 19x geographical one

Land Use and Resource Mgmt.

• Land Use– Those issues that deal with the ways we

apportion areas of land for different functions

• Resource management– Strategic decision-making about who should

extract resources and in what ways (efficient use of resources)

City planning

• Curitiba, Brazil (2.5 million people)– 75% use bus system– Encourage use of bikes– Recycling, free health care for poor

• Davis California– Curbside recycling (home and city streets)– Compost