BIOGRAPHY OF MICHAEL FARADAY

PART - 1

By

SIDDHANT AGNIHOTRI

B.Sc (Silver Medalist)

M.Sc (Applied Physics)

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WHAT WE WILL STUDY?

• CHILDHOOD

• STRUGGLE

• MAKING OF A GREAT SCIENTIST

• REVOLUTION IN PHYSICS

CHILDHOOD

• Michael Faraday was born on 22 September 1791 in

Newington Buttswhich is now part of the London.His family

was not well off.

• James Faraday moved his wife and two children to London

during the winter of 1790 from Outhgill in Westmorlandwhere

he had been an apprentice to the village blacksmith.

• Michael was born in the autumn of that year. The young

Michael Faraday, who was the third of four children, having

only the most basic school education, had to educate

himself.

• Michael Faraday attended a local school until he was 13,

where he received a basic education. To earn money for

the family he started working as a delivery boy for a

bookshop. He worked hard and impressed his employer.

After a year, he was promoted to become an apprentice

bookbinder.

• Faraday received only the rudiments of an education, learning to read,

write, and cipher in a church Sunday school. At an early age he began to

earn money by delivering newspapers for a book dealer and bookbinder

• In 1812, at the age of 20 and at the end of his apprenticeship, Faraday

attended lectures by the eminent English chemist Humphry Davy of the

Royal Institution and the Royal Society, and John Tatum, founder of the

City Philosophical Society.

• Faraday subsequently sent Davy a 300-page book based on notes that he

had taken during these lectures. Davy's reply was immediate, kind, and

favourable. In 1813, when Davy damaged his eyesight in an accident

with nitrogen trichloride, he decided to employ Faraday as an

assistant.

• It has been said, with some truth, that Faraday was Davy’s greatest

discovery.

EXTRAORDINARY

FURTHER

• In the class-based English society of the

time, Faraday was not considered a

gentleman. When Davy set out on a long

tour of the continent in 1813–15, his valet

did not wish to go, so instead, Faraday

went as Davy's scientific assistant and

was asked to act as Davy's valet until a

replacement could be found in Paris

• Faraday married Sarah Barnard (1800–

1879) on 12 June 1821. They met

through their families at the

Sandemanian church, and the month

after they were married. They had no

children.

• In 1820 Hans Christian Ørsted had announced the discovery that the

flow of an electric current through a wire produced a magnetic field around

the wire.

• In 1824, Faraday briefly set up a circuit to study whether a magnetic field

could regulate the flow of a current in an adjacent wire, but he found no

such relationship. This experiment followed similar work conducted with

light and magnets three years earlier that yielded identical results.

• Due to his growing popularity he was involved by davy in optical glass

project which wasted his time for four years but later proved to be a

paramount step in the filed of physics by experiment with one of the

rewards faraday gave himself after he failed in optics.

THE ELECTRIC BOY

• Two years after the death of Davy, in 1831, he began his great series of

experiments in which he discovered electromagnetic induction, recording

in his laboratory diary on 28 October 1831 he was; "making many

experiments with the great magnet of the Royal Society.

• Faraday’s greatest achievement was in the development of

electromagnetism and electricity. Though people already knew of

electricity, it was Faraday who played a pivotal role in providing a

continuous source of electricity.

• Later he was able to develop the first electric dynamo; his theories of

electromagnetism proved influential in the new electricity industry of the

nineteenth century.

THE ELECTRIC BOY

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“Nothing is too wonderful to be true if it be

consistent with the laws of nature, and in

such things as these, experiment is the

best test of such consistency.”

Michael Faraday

BIOGRAPHY OF MICHAEL FARADAY

PART - 2

By

SIDDHANT AGNIHOTRI

B.Sc (Silver Medalist)

M.Sc (Applied Physics)

Facebook: sid_educationconnect

EQUATIONS

• His demonstrations established that a changing magnetic field produces an

electric field; this relation was modelled mathematically by James Clerk

Maxwell as Faraday's law, which subsequently became one of the four

Maxwell equations, and which have in turn evolved into the generalization

known today as field theory.

• Faraday would later use the principles he had discovered to construct the

electric dynamo, the ancestor of modern power generators and the electric

motor .

• In 1832, he completed a series of experiments aimed at investigating the

fundamental nature of electricity; Faraday used "static", batteries, and

"animal electricity" to produce the phenomena of electrostatic attraction,

electrolysis, magnetism, etc.

ELECTROMAGNETIC EQUATIONS

FARADAY LAW

1 - When the flux changes there is an electromotive force is

produced(EMF).which follows lenz law.

2 - It also states that the EMF is also given by the rate of change of the

magnetic flux:

E = − d Φ B d t

where

E is the electromotive force (EMF) and ΦB is the magnetic flux

The direction of the electromotive force is given by Lenz's law

• Faraday's law contains the information about the relationships between

both the magnitudes and the directions of its variables. However, the

relationships between the directions are not explicit; they are hidden in

the mathematical formula.

LATER YEARS

• In the early 1840s, Faraday’s health began to deteriorate and he began to do less

research. Since the very beginning of his scientific work, Faraday had believed in

what he called the unity of the forces of nature. By this he meant that all the forces

of nature were but manifestations of a single universal force and ought, therefore, to

be convertible into one another.

• By 1850 Faraday had evolved a radically new view of space and force. Space was

not “nothing,” the mere location of bodies and forces, but a medium capable of

supporting the strains of electric and magnetic forces.

• About 1855, Faraday’s mind began to fail and . Queen Victoria rewarded his

lifetime of devotion to science by granting him the use of a house at Hampton

Court and even offered him the honour of a knighthood. Faraday gratefully

accepted the cottage but rejected the knighthood; he would, he said, remain plain

Mr. Faraday to the end.

DEATH AND HONOURS

• His About 1855, Faraday’s mind began to fail. He

died in 1867 and was buried in Highgate

Cemetery, London.

• A statue of Faraday stands in Savoy Place,

London, outside the institution of engineering

and technology.

• In honor and remembrance of his great scientific

contributions, several institutions have created

prizes and awards in his name. This include:

The IET Faraday Medal,The Royal Society of

London, Michael Faraday Prize.The Institute

of Physics Faraday Medal and Prize.The

Royal Society of Chemistry Faraday

Lectureship Prize

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