biograph of soekarno

7/24/2019 biograph of soekarno

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Chapter 1

Name

kusno

When born, Soekarno Kusno name given by his parents. [5] However,

because he was often sick veyearo!" then when his name was change" to the

Soekarno by his father. [5] [#]$ %5%& 'he name comes from a war!or" in the

story of (harata )u"ha name!y Karna. [5] [#] 'he name *Karna* to *Karno*

because in +avanese !etter *a* is change" to *o* whi!e the pre *su* means

*goo"*. [#]

-ater in the "ay when he became presi"ent, the spe!!ing of the name

Sukarno Sukarno was rep!ace" by himse!f into because he thinks these names

using spe!!ing co!oniers /0ether!an"s1 [#]$ %2. He sti!! uses the name of Sukarno

in his signature because the signature is a signature that is !iste" in the tet of

the 3roc!amation of 4n"onesian 4n"epen"ence shou!" not be change", but it is

not easy to change the signature after the age of 5 years [#]$ %2. 'he term

fami!iar to Soekarno was (ung Karno.

4n some Western countries, the name is sometimes written Sukarno

6chme" Sukarno. 'his happens because when Soekarno rst visit to the 7nite"

States, a number of 8ourna!ists to won"er, *Who9s mai"en name Sukarno:*

[;itation nee"e"] because they "o not un"erstan" the habits of most peop!e in

4n"onesia who on!y uses one name on!y or "o not have a fami!y name ,


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Sukarno sai" that the name of 6chme" got when pi!grimage. [ort to gain recognition 4n"onesian

sovereignty by 6rab countries.

4n the book (ung Karno mouthpiece ?akyat 4n"onesia /trans!ation Syamsu

Ha"i. @". ?ev. 2AA. )ogyakarta$ =e"ia 3ressin"o, an" (ung Karno Boun"ation,

4S(0 C#CCAA%2#C1 page %2 ep!aine" that his name on!y *Sukarno* course ,

because in 4n"onesian society is not an unusua! thing to have a name that

consists of the wor".


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Chapter 2

Life

Masa kecil dan remaja

Soekarno dilahirkan dengan seorang ayah yang bernama RadenSoekemi Sosrodihardjodan

ibunya yaituIda Ayu Nyoman Rai.[5]Keduanya bertemu ketika Raden Soekemi yang meruakan

seorang guru ditematkan diSekolah !asar"ribumi di Singaraja#$ali.[5]Nyoman Rai meruakan

keturunan bangsa%an dari $ali dan beragama&indu# sedangkan Raden Soekemi sendiri

beragama Islam.[5]Mereka telah memiliki seorang utri yang bernama Sukarmini sebelum

Soekarno lahir .[']()*+# ,)-*,5Ketika kecil Soekarno tinggal bersama

kakeknya# Raden&ardjokromodi /ulung Agung#0a%a /imur.[5]

Ia bersekolah ertama kali di /ulung Agung hingga akhirnya ia indah ke Mojokerto#mengikuti

orangtuanya yang ditugaskan di kota tersebut.[5]!i Mojokerto# ayahnya memasukan Soekarno

ke Eerste Inlandse School# sekolah temat ia bekerja.[']Kemudian ada 0uni'Soekarno

diindahkan ke Europeesche Lagere School(ELS)untuk memudahkannya diterima diHogere

Burger School(HBS).[5]"ada tahun '5#Soekarno telah menyelesaikan endidikannya di 12S

dan berhasil melanjutkan ke &$S di Surabaya# 0a%a /imur. [5]Ia daat diterima di &$S atas

bantuan seorang ka%an baaknya yang bernama&.3.S. /jokroaminoto.[5]/jokroaminoto bahkan

memberi temat tinggal bagi Soekarno di ondokan kediamannya.[5]!i Surabaya# Soekarno

banyak bertemu dengan ara emimin Sarekat Islam# organisasi yang diimin /jokroaminoto

saat itu# seertiAlimin# Musso#!harsono# &aji Agus Salim# danAbdul Muis.[5]Soekarno

kemudian akti4 dalam kegiatan organisasi emuda Tri Koro Dharmoyang dibentuk sebagai

organisasi dari$udi tomo.[5]Nama organisasi tersebut kemudian ia ganti menjadi Jong

Java6"emuda 0a%a7 ada '8.[5]Selain itu# Soekarno juga akti4 menulis di harian 93etoesan

&india9 yang diimin oleh /jokroaminoto.[']
https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radenhttps://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soekemi_Sosrodihardjohttps://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ida_Ayu_Nyoman_Raihttps://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ida_Ayu_Nyoman_Raihttps://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soekarno#cite_note-kasenda-7https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sekolah_Dasarhttps://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sekolah_Dasarhttps://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Singarajahttps://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balihttps://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soekarno#cite_note-kasenda-7https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soekarno#cite_note-kasenda-7https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hinduhttps://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hinduhttps://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamhttps://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamhttps://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soekarno#cite_note-kasenda-7https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soekarno#cite_note-kisah-11https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soekarno#cite_note-kisah-11https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soekarno#cite_note-kisah-11https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radenhttps://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hardjokromohttps://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hardjokromohttps://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tulung_Agunghttps://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jawa_Timurhttps://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jawa_Timurhttps://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soekarno#cite_note-kasenda-7https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mojokertohttps://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mojokertohttps://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soekarno#cite_note-kasenda-7https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soekarno#cite_note-kisah-11https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Junihttps://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/1911https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Europeesche_Lagere_Schoolhttps://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Europeesche_Lagere_Schoolhttps://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/ELShttps://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hogere_Burger_Schoolhttps://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hogere_Burger_Schoolhttps://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hogere_Burger_Schoolhttps://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/HBShttps://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soekarno#cite_note-kasenda-7https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/1915https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/1915https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soekarno#cite_note-kasenda-7https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oemar_Said_Tjokroaminotohttps://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oemar_Said_Tjokroaminotohttps://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soekarno#cite_note-kasenda-7https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soekarno#cite_note-kasenda-7https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarekat_Islamhttps://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aliminhttps://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mussohttps://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dharsono&action=edit&redlink=1https://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dharsono&action=edit&redlink=1https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haji_Agus_Salimhttps://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdul_Muishttps://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soekarno#cite_note-kasenda-7https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soekarno#cite_note-kasenda-7https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tri_Koro_Dharmohttps://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budi_Utomohttps://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budi_Utomohttps://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budi_Utomohttps://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soekarno#cite_note-kasenda-7https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/1918https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soekarno#cite_note-kasenda-7https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soekarno#cite_note-kisah-11https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soekemi_Sosrodihardjohttps://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ida_Ayu_Nyoman_Raihttps://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soekarno#cite_note-kasenda-7https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sekolah_Dasarhttps://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Singarajahttps://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balihttps://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soekarno#cite_note-kasenda-7https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hinduhttps://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamhttps://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soekarno#cite_note-kasenda-7https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soekarno#cite_note-kisah-11https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radenhttps://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hardjokromohttps://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tulung_Agunghttps://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jawa_Timurhttps://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soekarno#cite_note-kasenda-7https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mojokertohttps://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soekarno#cite_note-kasenda-7https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soekarno#cite_note-kisah-11https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Junihttps://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/1911https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Europeesche_Lagere_Schoolhttps://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/ELShttps://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hogere_Burger_Schoolhttps://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hogere_Burger_Schoolhttps://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/HBShttps://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soekarno#cite_note-kasenda-7https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/1915https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soekarno#cite_note-kasenda-7https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oemar_Said_Tjokroaminotohttps://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soekarno#cite_note-kasenda-7https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soekarno#cite_note-kasenda-7https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarekat_Islamhttps://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aliminhttps://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mussohttps://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dharsono&action=edit&redlink=1https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haji_Agus_Salimhttps://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdul_Muishttps://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soekarno#cite_note-kasenda-7https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tri_Koro_Dharmohttps://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budi_Utomohttps://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soekarno#cite_note-kasenda-7https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/1918https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soekarno#cite_note-kasenda-7https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soekarno#cite_note-kisah-11https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raden


4/27

Dra"uate" H(S Soeraba8a +u!y AC2A [A], a!ong with E8oko 6smo mates

forces at H(S, Sukarno continue" to 'echnische Hoogeschoo! te (an"oeng /now

4'(1 in (an"ung ma8oring in civi! engineering in AC2A, [A]$ %< after two months

he !eaving co!!ege, but in AC22 signe" up back [A]$ %< an" gra"uate" in AC2&.

[AA] Sukarno passe" the test engineer on =ay 25, AC2& an" on 6nniversary & 'H

(an"ung on +u!y %, AC2& he gra"uate" together eight 'we!ve other engineers.

[A]$ %# 3rof. +acob ;!ay as chairman of the facu!ty at that time stating *@specia!!y

important events for us because there are among them % engineers +avanese*.

[A]$ %# 'hey are Soekarno, 6nwari, an" Soete"8o, [A2]$ A in a""ition to the

eisting one again from =inahasa name!y 6!ean"er +ohannes Henricus Fn"ang.

[A2]$ A

Whi!e in (an"ung, Sukarno staye" at the resi"ence of Ha8i Sanusi who is a

member of S4 an" si"ekick '8okroaminoto. [5] 'here he interacts with Ki Ha8ar

Eewantara, ;ipto =angunkusumo, an" Er. Eouwes Eekker, who was then the

!ea"er of the organiation 4n"ische 3arty.

As the architect

(ung Karno was the rst presi"ent of 4n"onesia, a!so known as the

architect of the a!umni of the 'echnische Hoogeschoo! te (an"oeng /now 4'(1 in

(an"ung ma8oring in civi! engineering an" gra"uate" in AC2&. [note %] [note G]

[A%]


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Employment and Work in the Field

of Architecture

4r. Sukarno in AC2& foun"e" the rm together engineer 4r. 6nwari, a !ot of work on

the "esign of the bui!"ing. Burthermore, together with 4r. ?ooseno a!so "esign

an" bui!" houses an" other types of bui!"ings.

When "iscar"e" in (engku!u took time to "esign severa! houses an"

renovate a tota! mosue +ami 9in the city center. [AG]

6gainst inIuence Euring his architectura! work as 3resi"ent [@"it J e"it

source]

3resi"ent Soekarno reviewing the rea"iness of the (ung Karno so that

4n"onesian peop!e can be a!igne" with other nations.

Euring his tenure as presi"ent, there are some architectura! works that

inIuence" or triggere" by Sukarno. 6!so trave!ing in the marathon from =ay to

+u!y in AC5& to the countries of 7S6, ;ana"a, 4ta!y, West Dermany, an"

Switer!an". ;reating natura! horion thought Sukarno increasing!y rich in

managing 4n"onesia ho!istica!!y an" "isp!ays them as a new!y in"epen"ent

country. [A5]

+akarta Soekarno aim as the face /face1 4n"onesia re!ate" to some

internationa! activities he!" in the city, but a!so p!anning a city from the

beginning epecte" as the centra! government in the future. Some works are


6/27

a>ecte" by or at the behest of Sukarno an" its coor"ination with severa!

architects such as Bre"erich Si!aban an" ?= Soe"arsono, assiste" by some 8unior

architect for visua!iation. Some architectura! "esign is a!so ma"e through the

contest. [A&]

4sti!a! mosue in AC5A

0ationa! =onument in AC&

;F0@BF bui!"ing [A&]

Sarinah bui!"ing [A&]

Wisma 0usantara [A&]

Hote! 4n"onesia AC&2 [A#]

We!come =onument [A#]

West 4rian -iberation =onument [A#]

Eirgantara statue [A#]

AC55 4r. Soekarno pi!grimage to the Ho!y -an", an" as an architect,

Sukarno move" contributing architectura! i"eas to the government of Sau"i

6rabia in or"er to make the bui!"ing to perform sa9i be two !ines in the twostorey

bui!"ing. 'he Sau"i 6rabian government en"e" up "oing the renovation Haram

massive!y in AC&&, inc!u"ing the creation of raise" Ioor for the peop!e who carry

out sa9i into two paths an" terrace" Ioors to perform tawaf [A%]

'he "raft scheme of 7rban Spatia! 3a!angkaraya, inaugurate" in AC5# [A%]

'he perio" of the nationa! movement [@"it J e"it source]


7/27

Soekarno rst became famous when he became a member of +ong +ava

Surabaya branch in ACA5. Bor Sukarno nature of the organiation that is +ava

centric an" on!y think of cu!ture a!one is a cha!!enge. 4n the annua! p!enary

meeting he!" +ong +ava Surabaya branch Soekarno tumu!tuous session with a

speech using the +ava !anguage ngoko /rough1. 6 month !ater he sparke" heate"

"ebate by suggesting that the newspaper +ong +ava pub!ishe" in the =a!ay

!anguage on!y, an" not in Eutch. [A


8/27

Sukarno ha" returne" free "uring the +apanese occupation in ACG2.

Euring the +apanese occupation [@"it J e"it source]

6t the beginning of the +apanese occupation /ACG2ACG51, the +apanese

government ha" not notice" movement gures 4n"onesia main!y to *secure* its

presence in 4n"onesia. 4t !ooks at the movement of the characters %6 with

Shimiu an" =r. Shamsu""in were !ess popu!ar.

(ut eventua!!y, the +apanese occupation government attention an"

simu!taneous!y uti!ie 4n"onesian !ea"ers such as Sukarno, =ohamma" Hatta,

an" others in any organiations an" institutions to attract the hearts of the

4n"onesian popu!ation. =entione" in various organiations such as +ava Hokokai,

the 3eop!e 3ower ;enter /Son1, (373K4 an" 33K4, prominent gures such as

Sukarno, Hatta, Ki Ha8ar Eewantara, KH =as =ansyur, an" others mentione" an"

!ook so active. 6n" na!!y the nationa! !ea"ers to cooperate with the +apanese

occupation government to achieve the in"epen"ence of 4n"onesia, a!though

some are force" un"ergroun" as Sutan S8ahrir an" 6mir Syarifu""in because

they think +apan is a "angerous fascist.

3resi"ent Sukarno, when rea"ing the tet of the opening speech before

the proc!amation of in"epen"ence, saying that even though we cooperate with

+apan in fact we be!ieve an" trust an" re!y on its own strength.


9/27

He was active in the preparations of 4n"onesia9s in"epen"ence, among

them is to formu!ate 3ancasi!a, the ACG5 ;onstitution, an" the fun"amenta! basis

of the 4n"onesian government, inc!u"ing formu!ating the tet of the proc!amation

of 4n"epen"ence. He was persua"e" to step asi"e to ?engas"engk!ok.

4n ACG%, +apanese 3rime =inister Hi"eki 'o8o invite" the !ea"ers 4n"onesia

Sukarno, =ohamma" Hatta an" Ki (agus Ha"ikusumo to +apan an" receive" by

@mperor Hirohito. @ven emperors gave imperia! star /Ho!y ?atna1 to the three

4n"onesian !ea"ers. Star conferment it makes +apanese occupation government

was surprise", because it means that a!! three gures 4n"onesia was consi"ere"

the imperia! fami!y of +apan itse!f. 4n 6ugust ACG5, he was invite" by =arsha!

'erauchi, the 6rmy !ea"ership in the Southeast 6sia region Ea!at ietnam who

!ater state" that the proc!amation of in"epen"ence of 4n"onesia is the 4n"onesian

peop!e themse!ves.

(ut his invo!vement in the bo"ies estab!ishe" by the +apanese

organiation makes Sukarno was accuse" by the 0ether!an"s in cooperation with

+apan, among others, in the case of romusha.

?evo!utionary War perio" [@"it J e"it source]

'he !iving room (ung Karno safe house in ?engas"engk!ok.

Soekarno with nationa! gures began to prepare ahea" of the

proc!amation of in"epen"ence of the ?epub!ic of 4n"onesia. 6fter the tria!


10/27

;ommittee for 3reparatory Work for 4n"onesian 4n"epen"ence (373K4,

;ommittee for Sma!! consisting of eight peop!e /oLcia!1, sma!! committee

consisting of nine peop!e M ;ommittee of 0ine /which resu!te" in the +akarta

;harter1 an" the 3reparatory ;ommittee for 4n"onesian 4n"epen"ence 33K4,

SoekarnoHatta estab!ishing the State 4n"onesia base" on 3ancasi!a an" the

ACG5 ;onstitution.

6fter seeing =arsha! 'erauchi in Ea!at, ietnam, ?engas"engk!ok inci"ent

happene" on 6ugust A&, ACG5N Sukarno an" =ohamma" Hatta persua"e" by the

youth to go away to boar"ing Home!an" Eefense forces ?engas"engk!ok map.

)outh !ea"ers who persua"e" among others Soekarni, Wikana, Singgih an" Sa!eh.

'he youths "eman"e" that Sukarno an" Hatta proc!aime" 4n"onesia9s

in"epen"ence soon, because in 4n"onesia occurre" a power vacuum. 'his is

because the +apanese ha" surren"ere" an" the 6!!ie" forces ha" not arrive". (ut

Sukarno, Hatta an" !ea"ers refuse" on the groun"s waiting for c!arity regar"ing

the surren"er of +apan. 6nother reason is the growing Soekarno right moment to

estab!ish the in"epen"ence of 4n"onesia was chosen on A# 6ugust ACG5 when it

coinci"e" with ?ama"an, the =us!im ho!y month which is be!ieve" to be the

reve!ation of the rst month of the =us!ims to the 3rophet =uhamma", 6!

Our9an. Fn 6ugust A


11/27

Fn arriva! the 6!!ie" /6B0@41 !e" by -ieutenant Denera!. Sir 3hi!ip

;hristison, ;hristison na!!y recognie" "e facto 4n"onesian sovereignty after a

meeting with the 3resi"ent. 3resi"ent Soekarno was a!so trying to so!ve the crisis

in Surabaya. However, "ue to the provocations !aunche" troops 04;6

/0ether!an"s1 bum 6!!ies /un"er the 7K1, burst @vent A 0ovember ACG5 in

Surabaya an" the "eath of (riga"ier Denera! 6WS =a!!aby.

(ecause a !ot of provocation in +akarta at the time, the 3resi"ent na!!y

move the capita! of the ?epub!ic of 4n"onesia from +akarta to )ogyakarta.

Bo!!owe" by the vice presi"ent an" other senior state oLcia!s.

3resi"ent Sukarno an" 0ikita Khruschev in a meeting of Hea"s of State

were fu!! of warmth

'he position of the 3resi"ent un"er the ACG5 ;onstitution is the position of

the 3resi"ent as the hea" of government an" hea" of state /presi"entia! M sing!e

eecutive1. Euring the revo!ution, the government system turns into a "oub!e

semipresi"entia! or eecutive. 3resi"ent Sukarno as Hea" of State an" Sutan

S8ahrir as 3rime =inister M Hea" of Dovernment. 4t happene" because of the vice

presi"ent9s e"ict 0o. P, an" a government e"ict in 0ovember ACG5 on po!itica!

parties. 4t is taken to the ?epub!ic of 4n"onesia is consi"ere" a more "emocratic

country.


12/27

6!though the system of government change", at the time of the

revo!ution, the position of the 3resi"ent remains the most important, especia!!y

in the face of =a"iun in ACG< an" when the Eutch =i!itary 6ggression 44 that !e"

to the 3resi"ent, ice 3resi"ent =ohamma" Hatta an" a number of state oLcia!s

arreste" the 0ether!an"s. 6!though the eisting @mergency Dovernment of the

?epub!ic of 4n"onesia /3E?41 with chairman S8afru""in 3rawiranegara, but in

rea!ity the internationa! an" "omestic situation sti!! acknow!e"ge that Soekarno

Hatta is the rea! !ea"er of 4n"onesia, on!y po!icies that can reso!ve the "ispute

between 4n"onesia an" the 0ether!an"s.

4n"epen"ence perio" [@"it J e"it source]

Sukarno an" 'ito

3resi"ent Sukarno9s visit to the 7nite" States in AC&A was warm!y

we!come" by the 3resi"ent +ohn B. Kenne"y

3resi"ent Sukarno, 3resi"ent Fsva!"o Eorticos, Bi"e! ;astro an" ;he

Duevara, on =ay C, AC&, a state visit to Havana, ;uba

Sukarno spoke with =ao 'se'ung, 0ovember 2G, AC5&, (ei8ing, ;hina


13/27

3resi"ent Soekarno shook Soviet 3rime =inister 0ikita Khruschev when it

comes to rea"y the feast in 0ew )ork, 7nite" States.

6fter Sovereignty ?ecognition /Eutch Dovernment mentions as "e!ivery of

Sovereignty1, 3resi"ent Soekarno was appointe" as the 3resi"ent of the ?epub!ic

of 4n"onesia /?4S1 an" =ohamma" Hatta was appointe" as prime minister of ?4S.

'he oLce of 3resi"ent of the ?epub!ic of 4n"onesia han"e" over to =r 6ssaat,

which became known as +ava)ogya ?4. However, because of the "eman"s of a!!

4n"onesian peop!e who want to return to a unitary state, then on 6ugust A#,

AC5, ?4S again change" to the ?epub!ic of 4n"onesia an" the 3resi"ent became

3resi"ent. =r 6ssaat man"ate as acting 3resi"ent han"e" back to 4r. Sukarno.

'he oLcia! position of the 3resi"ent is the constitutiona! presi"ent, but in fact

government po!icy ma"e after consu!ting him.

=yth Ewitungga! SoekarnoHatta uite popu!ar an" stronger among the

masses than to the hea"s of government of the prime minister. 'he rise an" fa!!

of the cabinet known as the *cabinet who!e corn* makes the 3resi"ent !ess

trusting mu!tiparty system, even ca!!e" it a *"isease of the party*. 0ot

infreuent!y, he a!so intervene to me"iate conIicts in a mi!itary bo"y which a!so

a>ecte" the rise an" fa!! of the cabinet. Fctober A#, AC52 such events an"

events in the 6ir Borce.

3resi"ent Sukarno a!so provi"es many i"eas in the internationa! wor!".

;oncern over the fate of the peop!es of 6sia an" 6frica, are sti!! not free, not

have the right to "etermine their own fate, causing the presi"ent Sukarno, in

AC55, took the initiative to ho!" the 6sia6frica ;onference in (an"ung, which


14/27

pro"uces 'en 3rincip!es of (an"ung. Known as the (an"ung 6sian6frican ;apita!.

4neua!ity an" conIict as a resu!t of a *time bomb* !eft by western countries who

stampe" sti!! concerne" with imperia!ism an" co!onia!ism, ineua!ity an" fears of

the emergence of a nuc!ear war that change" civi!iation, in8ustice internationa!

agencies in the sett!ement of the conIict is a!so a concern. 'ogether with

3resi"ent 'ito /)ugos!avia1, Dama! 6b"e! 0asser /@gypt1, =ohamma" 6!i +innah

/3akistan1, 7 0u, /(urma1 an" +awahar!a! 0ehru /4n"ia1 he he!" 6sian6frican

;onference which !e" to the 0on6!igne" =ovement. 'hanks to its services,

many 6sian an" 6frican countries that gaine" in"epen"ence. (ut unfortunate!y,

there are sti!! many who eperience pro!onge" conIict unti! to"ay because of

in8ustice in prob!em so!ving, which is sti!! contro!!e" by powerfu! countries or

superpowers. 'hanks to this a""ition, many resi"ents of the region of 6frica that

"oes not forget the Soekarno when remembere" or knew wou!" be 4n"onesia.

[;itation nee"e"]

4n or"er to carry out an in"epen"ent foreign po!icyactive in the

internationa! wor!", the 3resi"ent visite" many countries an" met with !ea"ers of

the country. 6mong them was 0ikita Khruschev /7SS?1, +ohn Bitgera!" Kenne"y

/7S61, Bi"e! ;astro /;uba1, =ao 'se 'ung /3?;1.

=arabahaya perio" [@"it J e"it source]

(eing one of the !ea"ing countries in 6sia an" 6frica are ca!!e" anti

capita!ism, neoco!onia!ism, an" in"epen"ence is certain!y not a simp!e matter.

@cesses many assassination attempts against Sukarno, an" on!y seven


15/27

assassination attempts that can be remembere" in the years of !oya! bo"yguar"s

vivere perico!oso or 'he year of !iving "angerous!y memin8am phrase a movie

starring =e! Dibson with backgroun" +akarta AC&5

3resi"ent Soekarno was accompanie" by -t. '04 =au!wi Sae!an "uring the

inauguration of the (ung Karno Sta"ium an" D60@BF opening in AC&2.

Sukarno, 4n"onesia9s rst presi"ent, at !east once su>ere" an

assassination attempt more than one occasion, his "aughter, =egawati

Soekarnoputri never mentions the number 2%. *4 want to take a concrete

eamp!e, the 3resi"ent su>ere" attempte" mur"er of the name of the new !eve!

unti! the eecution p!an /as much1 2% times, *sai" =ega in +u!y 2C. =eanwhi!e,

the sma!!er number out of the mouth Su"arto Eanusubroto. He presi"entia! ai"e

in the na! perio" of Sukarno. Su"arto never sai" there # times the assassination

attempt against Sukarno. 'his number is never share" by the former Eeputy

;omman"er '8akrabirawa, ;o!one! =au!wi Sae!an. (ut former bo"yguar", on!y

ab!e to remember # attempts attempte" mur"er. [2A]

Drena"e ;ikini [@"it J e"it source]

Fn 0ovember %, AC5#, the 3resi"ent came to ;o!!ege ;ikini /3ercik1,

where their chi!"ren go to schoo!, to ce!ebrate the A5th anniversary 3ercik.

Drena"e su""en!y ep!o"e" in the mi""!e of the we!coming party presi"ent. 0ine

peop!e were ki!!e", A peop!e were in8ure", inc!u"ing the presi"entia! guar".

Sukarno himse!f a!ong with her son an" "aughter survive". 'hree peop!e were

arreste" as a resu!t of the inci"ent. 'hey overseas from (ima a!!ege" terror

stooges motion E4 M '44. [2A]


16/27

Shooting the 3resi"entia! 3a!ace [@"it J e"it source]

Fn =arch C, AC&, the ?ight "ay!ight stomping presi"entia! pa!ace by an

ep!osion coming from 2% mm cannon re =igA# aircraft pi!ote" by Eanie!

=aukar. =aukar is -t. 67 who have been a>ecte" 3ermesta. ;anon impose"

=aukar hit a pi!!ar an" one of them fe!! not far from the workbench Soekarno.

Bortunate!y Sukarno was not there. Sukarno was !ea"ing a meeting in the

bui!"ing net to the 3resi"entia! 3a!ace. /=aukar himse!f "enie" he trie" to ki!!

Sukarno. 'he action is 8ust a warning. (efore shooting the 3resi"entia! 3a!ace, he

was sure "i" not see the ye!!ow Iag was hoiste" at the pa!ace the presi"ent

sign in the 3a!ace1. 'his action makes 9'iger9, ca!! sign =aukar, have !anguishe"

in 8ai! for < years. [2A]

?a8aman"a!a interception [@"it J e"it source]

4n 6pri! AC&, 3rime =inister of the Soviet 7nion at the time, 0ikita

Khrushchev a state visit to 4n"onesia. He took time to visit (an"ung, )ogyakarta

an" (a!i. 3resi"ent Soekarno accompany to West +ava. When, up in the (ri"ge

?a8aman"a!a, turns a group of E4 M '44 "eterrence. -ucky presi"entia! guar"s

swift!y passe" the two !ea"ers of the wor!". [2A]

Drena"e =akassar [@"it J e"it source]

Fn +anuary #, AC&2, the 3resi"ent was in =akassar. 'hat evening, he wi!!

atten" an event at the House of Sport =attoangin. 4t was then that, as it passes

through the bir" of para"ise, someone threw a grena"e. 'he grena"e misse", fe!!


17/27

on another car. Sukarno survive". 'he cu!prit Sergeant =arcus -atuperissa an"

4"a (agus Surya 'enaya sentence" to "eath. [2A]

Shooting @i" [@"it J e"it source]

Fn =ay AG, AC&2, (achrum very happy when manage" to get seate" in

the front ranks in the assemb!y !ine of @i" a!6"ha prayers at the mosue

(aiturahim. When he saw Sukarno, he "rew a pisto! hi""en un"er his 8acket, an"

then "irecte" to the bo"y9s mu!e Soekarno. 4n a fraction of a secon" when it hit

me, the "irection was o>, an" the bu!!et misse" Soekarno bo"y, grae" House

Speaker D? KH Qainu! 6rin. Ha8i (achrum sentence" to "eath, but then he got a

par"on. [2A]

=ortars shooting Kahar =uakar [@"it J e"it source]

4n the AC&s, 3resi"ent Sukarno in working visit to Su!awesi. Whi!e on his

way out of 6ire!" =an"ai, a mortar roun" re" subor"inates =uakkar Kahar.

(ung Karno at her vehic!e, but was misse" by far. Sukarno once again,

congratu!ations. [2A]

Drena"e ;imanggis [@"it J e"it source]

6t Eecember AC&G, the 3resi"ent in the course of (ogor to +akarta.

@ntourage forme" a convoy of vehic!es. 4n the vehic!e spee" s!ow!y, eyes

Sukarno ha" bersirobok with an uni"entie" man on a roa"si"e. Soekarno fee!ing

!ess comfortab!e. Sure enough, the man threw a grena"e towar"s the presi"ent9s


18/27

car. -ucki!y, the "istance pe!emparannya a!rea"y beyon" the reach of an

oncoming car. Sukarno was save". [2A]

;haracter assassination [e"it J e"it source]

;eremony commemorating the 2Ast anniversary of the 3roc!amation of

4n"epen"ence 6ugust A#, AC&& at page =er"eka 3a!ace in +akarta. Speech of the

3resi"ent at the ceremony tit!e" 0ever Fccasiona!!y -eaving History /+6S=@?6H1.

3resi"ent Soekarno an" Er.+. -eimena sang a!ong with the artists at the

reception of the 2Ast 6nniversary of the 3roc!amation of 4n"epen"ence at the

(ogor 3a!ace.

AC5s an" AC&s, 6merican ;entra! 4nte!!igence 6gency through

perpan8angtanganannya never cease trying to interfere in each others a>airs of

state. 4n 4n"onesia, in a""ition to event "iscovery mission 6!!en 3ope, there is

a!so a secret mission that aims to ki!! the character an" authority of the 3resi"ent

through popu!ar me"ia agitation an" propagan"a via the pro"uction of

pornographic !ms are p!aye" by actors who resemb!e Sukarno. 'he goa! of this

smear campaign is to change the perception of the internationa! community

against Sukarno9s anticapita!ism an" a"mire the @ve but sub8ect he!p!ess un"er

the contro! of ?ussian agents. [22] [2%]

*'hat success inspire" ;46 oLcia!s to make a step further. 'hey inten" to

pro"uce pornographic !ms Soekarno with a b!on"e woman who ma"e as if


19/27

stewar"ess ?ussian,* wrote (!um cites the recognition of former ;46 agent,

+oseph (urkho!"er Smith, who wrote a book 3ortrait of a ;o!" Warrior. -os

6nge!es 3o!ice ;hief to intervene !ooking for a "arkskinne" man who bit ba!"

an" beautifu! b!on"e woman. 'here9s nothing !ike Sukarno, the ;46 ma"e a

specia! mask!ike Sukarno then sent to -os 6nge!es. 3orn star Soekarno aske" to

wear a mask "uring the sor"i" scenes. ;46 recor" an" take photographs of the

scene of the b!ue. [22]

6ccor"ing to +. Kenneth ;onboy an" +ames =orrison in Beet to the Bire$ ;46

;overt Fperations in 4n"onesia, AC5#AC5


20/27

@mbargo perio" superpower [@"it J e"it source]

Qhou @n!ai, 3resi"ent Sukarno, an" Kawashima "uring the Ath

anniversary year 6sian6frican ;onference in (an"ung on AC 6pri! AC&5.

4n pre an" post in"epen"ence, 4n"onesia pinche" on two b!ocks of a

superpower with i"eo!ogies that contra"ict each other. ;apita!ist b!oc !e" by the

7nite" States an" a!!ies on the one han", an" the !eft b!ock conteste" between

?ussia an" ;hina ais. 6mericans "o po!icy embargo against 4n"onesia since

Sukarno assess tren"s c!ose to the riva! b!oc. 6merica can not move s!ight!y

when 6!!en -awrence 3ope, the ;entra! 4nte!!igence 6gency agents caught re"

han"e". (argain arrest 6!!en 3ope, the 7nite" States na!!y sett!e" the economic

embargo an" in8ect fun"s into 4n"onesia, inc!u"ing poure" %# thousan" tons of

rice an" hun"re"s of weapons nee"e" by 4n"onesia at the time after the high

!eve! "ip!omacy between +ohn B. Kenne"y with Sukarno. [2G] Whi!e ?ussians

app!ying mi!itary embargo against 4n"onesia as genoci"e against !eftist

e!ements, the 4n"onesian ;ommunist 3arty in AC&5AC. [25] 4n"onesia itse!f

san"wiche" between geopo!itics of Southeast 6sia, =a!aysia is consi"ere"

Sukarno is a (ritish puppet state, a!so Singapore breakaway as the new state on

6ugust C, AC&5. Sukarno "ec!are" a confrontationa! attitu"e towar"s the

formation of the =a!aysian fe"eration in +anuary AC&%. So in AC&G AC&5

fe"eration of =a!aysia "ec!are" A& September AC&% the embargoe" Sukarno.

[2&] Singapore opene" the tap cooperation an" strive by a!! means to maintain

tra"e with 4n"onesia "espite having boycotte" an" embargoe". 4t is consi"ere"

"etrimenta! to the economic aspects of Singapore as a resu!t of the

confrontation. [2#]


21/27

Eeterioration perio" [@"it J e"it source]

Sukarno an" ;hinese 3rime =inister Qhou @n!ai (an"ung greet resi"ents

use the car in the skin of the face '@=3F Specia! @"ition & )ears of 6sian

6frican ;onference /(an"ung AC551

6fter the events Supersemar, 3resi"ent Sukarno an" Soeharto invite"

+apanese @mperor9s (irth"ay ?eception at the resi"ence of the 6mbassa"or of

+apan, 2C 6pri! AC&&.

4n"onesia9s po!itica! situation became uncertain after si genera!s were

ki!!e" in the events known as the September %th =ovement, or D%S in AC&5.

[AA] [2


22/27

terrorist organiation. [2


23/27

-ea"er ?evo!ution an" appointe" Soeharto as 3resi"ent unti! the net genera!

e!ection is he!". [2C]

Sick to "eath [@"it J e"it source]

'he Son Bunera! Eawn, Sukarno, on +une 22, AC#, (!itar, @ast +ava

'omb of 3resi"ent Sukarno in (!itar, @ast +ava.

Soekarno hea!th has begun to "ec!ine since 6ugust AC&5. [2C] 3revious!y,

it has been "ec!are" a ki"ney "isor"er an" ha" un"ergone treatment in ienna,

6ustria in AC&A an" AC&G. [2C] 3rof. Er. K. Be!!inger of the Bacu!ty of =e"icine,

7niversity of ienna suggeste" that Sukarno !eft ki"ney remove", but he re8ecte"

it in favor of tra"itiona! me"icine. [2C] He survive" for 5 years before it na!!y

"ie" on Sun"ay, +une 2A, AC# at 6rmy Hospita! /Hospita! ;entra! 6rmy 1 Datot

Subroto, +akarta status as po!itica! prisoners. [5] [2C] 'he bo"y of Sukarno was

transferre" from the army hospita! to Wisma )asso owne" by ?atna Sari Eewi.

[2C] (efore "ec!are" "ea", a routine inspection of Sukarno was performe" by Er.

=ahar =ar"8ono which is a member of the presi"entia! me"ica! team. [2C] 6

short time !ater was issue" a me"ica! communiue signe" by the ;hairman 3rof.

Er. =ahar =ar"8ono a!ong with ice ;hairman =a8or Denera! Er. /6rmy1 ?ubiono

Kertopati. [2C]

'he me"ica! communiue state" as fo!!ows$ [2C]


24/27

Fn Satur"ay, +une 2, AC# 2$% 4r hea!th con"itions. Sukarno

"eteriorate" an" awareness gra"ua!!y "ec!ine".

Eate" +une 2A, AC# %$5 o9c!ock in the morning, 4r. Soekarno

unconscious an" then at #. 4r. Sukarno "ie".

'he team of "octors is continuous!y trying to overcome the critica!

situation 4r. Soekarno unti! "eath.

6!though Sukarno never reueste" that he be burie" in the 3a!ace S!ate,

(ogor, but the a"ministration of 3resi"ent Soeharto choose (!itar, @ast +ava, as

the buria! p!ace of Sukarno. [2C] 4t is "etermine" through 3resi"entia! Eecree 0o.

GG in AC#. [2C] 'he bo"ies were taken to (!itar Soekarno "ay after his "eath an"

was burie" the net morning net to his mother9s grave. [2C] 'he funera!

Sukarno !e" by 6rme" Borces ;hief Denera! =. 3anggabean as inspector of the

ceremony. [2C] 'he government then set the mourning perio" for seven "ays.

[2C]

Heritage [@"it J e"it source]

(ung Karno Sta"ium in AC&2.

4n or"er to commemorate A years of the birth of Sukarno on +une &th,

2A, the +akarta 3hi!ate!ic FLce issuing stamps *A )ears of (ung Karno.* [C]$

2G#25A Stamps issue" a four stamps backgroun" Iag an" "isp!ays a picture of

yourse!f Soekarno when young to be 3resi"ent of the ?epub!ic of 4n"onesia. [C]

'he rst stamp has a nomina! va!ue of 5 an" a portrait of Sukarno "uring high


25/27

schoo!. 'he secon" picture is worth ?p


26/27

@"ucationa! Boun"ation is the organiation that sparke" the i"ea to bui!" a

university with the un"erstan"ing that taught (ung Karno. 'he foun"ation is !e"

by ?achmawati Sukarnoputri, Sukarno9s thir" chi!" an" Batmawati. 4n +une 25,

ACCC 3resi"ent +usuf Habibie (acharu""in forma!ie the (ung Karno 7niversity

oLcia!!y forwar" thinking (ung Karno, 0ation an" ;haracter (ui!"ing to his

stu"ents. [%2]

=eanwhi!e, (ung Karno Boun"ation has a goa! to co!!ect an" preserve

ob8ects of art an" nonseni be!ongs Soekarno scattere" in various regions in

4n"onesia. [%%] 'he Boun"ation was estab!ishe" on +une A, AC#< by the eight

sons an" "aughters of Sukarno name!y Duntur Soekarnoputra, =egawati

Soekarnoputri, rachmawati soekarnoputri, Sukmawati Soekarnoputri, thun"er

Soekarnoputra, 'yphoon Soekarnoputra, (ayu Soekarnoputra, an" Kartika Sari

Eewi Sukarno. [%%] 4n 2%, the (ung Karno Boun"ation booth at +akarta Bair

6rena. [C] 4n its booth feature" a vi"eo speech Soekarno tit!e" *4n"onesia Sues*

"e!ivere" at the House -an"raa" AC% as we!! as photographs "uring the

Sukarno becomes presi"ent. [C] 4n a""ition to showing vi"eos an" photos,

various souvenirs Soekarno so!" at its booth. [C] 6mong these are the socks, go!"

watch, go!" coins, ;Es containing speeches of Sukarno, as we!! as postcar"s of

Sukarno. [C]

(etween "ia!ectic an" prais in the turmoi! of the revo!ution "istress

Sukarno ha" "evote" who!ebo"y an" sou! to =other @arth


27/27

Someone name" Soenuso Doroyo Sukarno c!aims to have property

inheritance Sukarno. [C] Soenuso c!aime" a former sergeant of (atta!ion 6ir

Eefense 6rti!!ery =e"ium. [C] He never shows ob8ects that are consi"ere" as

heritage Sukarno to!" reporters at his home in ;u!!inan , (ogor. [C] 'hese ob8ects

inc!u"e a s!ab of ye!!ow go!" of pure 2G carat registere" in the register of go!" +=

-on"on, white go!" with a stamp horseshoe += =athey -on"on an" p!acar"s

meta! ye!!ow with the wor"s o!" spe!!ing form of "eposits grants. [ C] 4n a""ition,

there is a!so money 7(;0 /(rai!1 an" )ugos!avia as we!! as certicates of

"eposit guaranty bon"s at (ank of Switer!an" an" the 0ether!an"s (ank. [C]

6!though go!" is shown by Soenuso certie" but no eperts that ensure the

authenticity of the go!". [%G]

6war" [@"it J e"it source]

biograph of soekarno

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