biogas production with sorghum biomass · s. bic. x s. sud. maize late maize early p. glaucum adr...
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BUCHAREST3-4 NOVEMBER 2016
1ST EUROPEAN SORGHUM CONGRESS
WORKSHOP FROM ENERGY PRODUCTION TO FOOD AND FEED
BIOGAS PRODUCTION WITH SORGHUM BIOMASS
Dr. Maendy FRITZ, Head of department for renewable resources
crops, TFZ institute GERMANY
BUCHAREST
3-4 NOVEMBER 2016
STRUCTURE
2 Dr. Maendy FRITZ, Biogas Production with Sorghum Biomass
Why sorghum for biogas in Germany?
Cultivar screening in Straubing, Bavaria
Methane yield andinfluencing factors
Sorghum as energy crop: key issues for breeding
BUCHAREST
3-4 NOVEMBER 2016
INSTITUTE DESCRIPTION
3 Dr. Maendy FRITZ, Biogas Production with Sorghum Biomass
Institution of the Bavarian Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Forestry
Applied research:
Energy and raw material crops
Biofuels
Combustion
Support of bioenergy projects, e.g. biomass heating stations
Transfer of knowledge
TECHNOLOGY AND SUPPORT CENTER (TFZ)
BUCHAREST
3-4 NOVEMBER 20164 Dr. Maendy FRITZ, Biogas Production with Sorghum Biomass
WHY SORGHUM FOR BIOGAS?
SORGHUM IS MORE THAN FEED
High yield potential
Requires only a short growing period Sorghum as catch crop in cropping systems with whole crop cereals
Lower input than maize
Can be grown on light soils/under conditions, where maize has no stable yield
Methane yield of sorghum is satisfying
Sorghum is rarely used as fodder in Germany Hydrocyanic acid/prussic acid content
BUCHAREST
3-4 NOVEMBER 20165 Dr. Maendy FRITZ, Biogas Production with Sorghum Biomass
WHY SORGHUM FOR BIOGAS?
RESTRICTIONS AND REGULATIONS
Sorghum was alternative crop choice where Western corn rootworm (Diabrotica virgifera virgifera) occured
Cropping system restriction allowed only in 2 out of 3 years maize
Since 2014, Diabrotica is no longer listed as quarantine pest no cropping system restriction
Maize as biogas substrate was limited to 60 % for biogas plants under Renewable Energy Law 2012 (EEG 2012)
Other crops such as sorghum, whole crop cereals, ley became more attractive for biogas plant owners
No limitations for biogas plants in EEG 2004, 2009,
2014, 2017
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3-4 NOVEMBER 2016
CLIMATE CHANGE & SORGHUM
6 Dr. Maendy FRITZ, Biogas Production with Sorghum Biomass
INCREASE OF POTENTIAL CROP AREA
not suitable
well suitable
suitable
most suitableno data
hardly suitable
Germany 1961–1990 Germany 2011–2040
BUCHAREST
3-4 NOVEMBER 2016
BIOMASS YIELD & DRY MATTER CONTENT
7 Dr. Maendy FRITZ, Biogas Production with Sorghum Biomass
SORGHUM SCREENING 2015
0 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 44%
0
140
150
160
170
180
190
200
210
220
230
250
dt/ha
KWS Santos
JLU Gießen 04
SB0115
KSH 3719
KWS Tarzan
AmiggoKWS Titus
KWS Merlin
JLU Gießen 03
PR 817 F
PR 823 F
KWS Hannibal
NS 201Zeus
HerkulesAristos
KSH 3724
RGT Gguepard
Joggy
GW600 BMR
SBF001
GK Emese
Sweet Susana
Farmsugro 180
GW 9417GW 9460
Sweet Caroline
Vegga
Silo Pro Dwarf BMR
ASM-21-09-14
ASM-4-11-14
ASM-5-11-14Lussi
Gardavan
KWS SoleKWS Freya
KWS Sammos
Sweet Six BMR
Sweet Bites
SBS001
Sweet Forever BMR
Fernandez
Atletas
Monty
Fabregas
Dry
matter
yie
ld
Dry matter content
S. bicolor (food)
S. bicolor (grain)
S. bic. x S. sud.
Maize late
Maize early
P. glaucum
ADR 500
Super Massa
BUCHAREST
3-4 NOVEMBER 2016
BIOMASS YIELD & DRY MATTER CONTENT
8 Dr. Maendy FRITZ, Biogas Production with Sorghum Biomass
SORGHUM SCREENING 2016
0 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 44%
0
140
150
160
170
180
190
200
210
220
230
250
dt/ha
KWS Juno
KWS Titus
KWS Tarzan
KWS Santos
NS401
PR817F
KWS MerlinAmiggoKWS Hannibal
PR832FNS204
AristosHerkules
NS201
ZeusRGT Gguepard
Joggy
NS212
Advancegrazer
GK Emese
Capello
Sweet SusannaFarmsugro 180
Fuego
Sweet Caroline
GW 9417
Vegga
LussiKWS Sole
KWS Sammos
Gardavan
KWS Freya
Super Sugar
Sweet Six BMRSweet Bites
Atletas
Fabregas
Monty
SuperMassa
Dry
matter
yie
ld
Dry matter content
S. bicolor (food)
S. bicolor (grain)
S. bic. x S. sud.
Maize late
Maize early
P. glaucum
BUCHAREST
3-4 NOVEMBER 2016
LODGING EVEN IN GRAIN SORGHUM
9 Dr. Maendy FRITZ, Biogas Production with Sorghum Biomass
SEVERE LODGING IN 2016
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3-4 NOVEMBER 2016
WILD BOARS PREFER MAIZE …
10 Dr. Maendy FRITZ, Biogas Production with Sorghum Biomass
POSITIVE ASPECT
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3-4 NOVEMBER 201611 Dr. Maendy FRITZ, Biogas Production with Sorghum Biomass
METHANE OUTPUT
INGREDIENTS MAIZE VS. SORGHUM
M
X
F
G
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 % 100
XA XP XL XStarchXSugar Hemicellulose ADF org.Res.
Ingredient content
Ma
ize
an
dS
org
hu
m t
yp
es
XA: crude ash
XP: crude protein
XL: crude lipids
ADF: cellulose +
lignin
org.Res.:
organic residues
Hemicellulose +
org. Residues
= N-free extracts
BUCHAREST
3-4 NOVEMBER 201612 Dr. Maendy FRITZ, Biogas Production with Sorghum Biomass
METHANE OUTPUT
CULTIVAR ‘GK EMESE’, 2013
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
400
Nl/kg oTM
Me
tha
na
usb
eu
te
Fraktion
Methanausbeute
Ganzpflanze Körner Restpflanze Rest:Korn
1:1
Rest:Korn
1:2
Rest:Korn
2:1
0
10
20
30
40
50
70
% TM
Zucker Stärke
Zu
cke
r/S
tärk
eS
ugar/
Sta
rch
DM
Methane yield
DM
Me
tha
ne
yie
ld
StarchSugar
R : G Residue (R)Grain (G) R : G R : G Whole crop
Fraction
BUCHAREST
3-4 NOVEMBER 201613 Dr. Maendy FRITZ, Biogas Production with Sorghum Biomass
METHANE YIELD 2012–2014
HIGH VARIABILITY BETWEEN YEARS
2.000
3.000
4.000
5.000
7.000
Methane yield 2012, 2013, 2014
Me
tha
ne
yie
ld
Cultivar
Lussiearly
KWS Freyamedium early
Aristosmedium late
Jumbolate
Nm³ CH4/ha
0
50
100
150
200
250
350
Nl/kg oDM
Methane output 2012, 2013, 2014
Me
tha
ne
ou
tpu
t
BUCHAREST
3-4 NOVEMBER 201614 Dr. Maendy FRITZ, Biogas Production with Sorghum Biomass
Crop Number
of data
Methane yield
in Nl CH4/kg oDM
Methane yield
in Nm³ CH4/ha
S. bicolor F 66 293,2 5143
S. bicolor G 37 315,4 4392
S. bic. x S. sud. 40 296,8 4892
Maize 6 347,2 7045
BIOMASS YIELD DETERMINES METHANE YIELD
Maize + 15 % + 48 %
METHANE YIELD 2012–2014
BUCHAREST
3-4 NOVEMBER 201615 Dr. Maendy FRITZ, Biogas Production with Sorghum Biomass
METHANE OUTPUT
WHAT IS REQUIRED FOR HIGH METHANE YIELD PER HECTARE?
High biomass yield per hectare
High methane yield per kg DM
High digestibility of the biomass
Low ash content
High content of N-free extracts
Content of starch, sugar, etc. is less important