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BABET-REAL5-Workshop in Straubing, 21st March 2019

DR. KLAUS THUNEKE

Biofuels, Biolubricants and Process MaterialsTechnology and Support Centre

in the Centre of Excellence for Renewable Resources

Biofuels in daily operation

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Outline

Thuneke

� Vehicle fleet and biofuel portfolio at TFZ

� Development of biofuel supply in Straubing and Germany

� Summary of experiences at TFZ

� Biofuel research at TFZ - examples

� Strategy: Allocation of alternative fuels to transport sectors

� Outlook

Picture: Fotolia

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Biofuel Vehicle Fleet at TFZ

Thuneke

Audi A3 g-tron

Biomethane CNG

Audi A2

Biodiesel B100

Case JX1070C

VW Passat Steyr 4075

Rapeseed Oil RO100

Fendt 724

VW Transporter

E85

Audi A4 FFV

Pictures: TFZ

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Biofuel Vehicle Fleet at TFZ – Data Overview

Thuneke

Vehicle Emission levelApproval year

Biofuel Total km or h(02/2019)

Biofuel consumed(2010-2017)

GHG-Savings(2010-2017)

Audi A4 FFV

EURO 52010

E85 250.735 km 9.956 l 5,0 t

Audi A3 g-tron

EURO 62016

Bio-CNG 29.275 km 1.013 l --

VW Passat EURO 32001

B100 470.740 km 7.686 l 14,6 t

Audi A2 EURO 32003

B100 212.555 km 3.133 l 6,0 t

VW Transporter

EURO 32007

P100 197.614 km 8.629 l 16,8 t

Fendt 724Tractor

Stage IV2015

P100 19.929 h 13.119 l 24,9 t

CaseTractor

Stage II2007

B100 2.933 h 9.475 l 18,1 t

SteyrTractor

Stage IIIB2018

B100 -- -- Sum: 85,4 t

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Biofuel Consumption in Vehicle Fleet at TFZ

Thuneke • Eisel • Nebel

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

200

MWh

Fue

l am

oun

t

Year

Fossil Fuels

B100

RO100

Bioethanol

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Filling Station for Biodiesel and Rapeseed Oil at TFZ

Thuneke Picture: TFZ

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Biofuel Use in Germany 1994 to 2017

Thuneke Source: DBFZ (2019) DBFZ Report Nr. 11, Monitoring Biokraftstoffsektorhttps://www.dbfz.de/fileadmin/user_upload/Referenzen/DBFZ_Reports/DBFZ_Report_11_4.pdf

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Biofuel Filling Stations

Thuneke Source: DBFZ (2019) DBFZ Report Nr. 11, Monitoring Biokraftstoffsektorhttps://www.dbfz.de/fileadmin/user_upload/Referenzen/DBFZ_Reports/DBFZ_Report_11_4.pdf

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Experiences from Biofuel Use at TFZ - Summary

Thuneke

� Additional fuel costs were moderate - less than expected

� Basically no technical problems

Most problems can be easily solved by software updates

� Handling and comfort without complaints of users

� Key problem was lack of biofuel supply

Filling stations for B100 and E85 closed, despite regional support

� Number of biofuel suppliers/producers

(B100 und RO100) has decreased

� Range of vehicles for pure biofuels

is thinning out

Picture: Fotolia

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20 rapeseed oil tractors

� Various brands and types

� Exhaust stage I to IV

(year of manufacture 2003 - 2015)

60,000 operating hours in practice

� 11 farms

� Monitoring of ECU data,

fuel and engine oil quality

� Operator interviews

12 Years Practice Monitoring – Rapeseed Oil Tractors

Ettl • Thuneke • Remmele

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Bavaria

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Investigation on Tractor Test Stand at TFZ

Thuneke

Component survey

� Fuel system

� Combustion chamber

� Exhaust system

Measurments

� Limited emissions (CO, HC, NOx, PM)

� Power output

� Fuel consumption

Pictures: TFZ

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Operating a Forestry Harvester with Rapeseed Oil Fuel

Emberger

6-Cylinder PowerTechPlus

9.0 l displacement

200 kW @ 1600 – 1900 min-1

SCR-System with DPF

EU Stage IV / Tier 4final

Picture: TFZ

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� Audi A4 Avant 2.0 TFSI flexible fuel

� Semtech Ecostar Plus system (Sensors Inc.) PEMS (Portable Emission

Measurement System)

Real Driving Emissions – Audi A4 FFV: E5, E10, E85

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Frankl • Huber • Remmele • Thuneke Pictures: TFZ

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Real Driving Emissions E10 and E85 relative to E5

E10 E85-60

-50

-40

-30

-20

-10

0

10

30

%

em

issio

ns r

ela

tive

to E

5

cold start MAW (n=3)

warm start MAW (n=3) CO

2

E10 E85-60

-50

-40

-30

-20

-10

0

10

30

%

NOx

cold start MAW (n=3)

warm start MAW (n=3)

E10 E85-60

-50

-40

-30

-20

-10

0

10

30

%

CO cold start MAW (n=3)

warm start MAW (n=3)

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Frankl • Huber • Remmele • Thuneke

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Allocation of Alternative Fuels to Transport Sectors

Thuneke • Remmele Source: DBFZ (2019) DBFZ Report Nr. 11, Monitoring Biokraftstoffsektorhttps://www.dbfz.de/fileadmin/user_upload/Referenzen/DBFZ_Reports/DBFZ_Report_11_4.pdf

Source:

DBFZ* and TFZ**:

Karin Naumann*, Jörg

Schröder*, Edgar

Remmele**, Klaus

Thuneke**

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Advantages

� Fuel demands for different transport sectors are known

� Demands can be matched with sustainably available amounts

� Moderate market development is possible

� Controllable costs, adjustable steering tools

� Making use of extra benefits (apart from climate protection) in specific sectors

� Addressing specific problems in certain sectors

� Vehicle and combustion technology can be optimised for type of fuel

Allocation of Alternative Fuels to Transport Sectors

Thuneke

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� Quality standards for all kind of biofuels (pure and blends) are introduced

� Biofuel compatible engines are/were available and are easy to customise

� Legal developments (choice)

� COP21 Paris

� National climate action plan 2050 with sectoral goals:

Transport from 160 Mio. t CO2eq to 95-98 Mio. t CO2eq in 2030 (42-40 %)

� New national platform: “The future of Mobility”

� New climate protection law (will be published in 2019)

� EU-RED II (2018): targets and legal frame for 2021 to 2030

• Renewable energies in transport from 10 % (2020) to 14 % (2030)

• Advanced biofuels: 0.2 % (2022) to 1.0 % (2025) to 3.5 % (2030)

• Multiple counting: (2x for advanced biofuels, 4x for power …)

State and Prospects Biofuels

Thuneke

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Share of Renewable Energy for Transport 2021-2030

Thuneke

Conventionalbiofuels

Biofuels fromused cooking oiland animal fat

Advancedbiofuels

Renewable powerand power basedfuels

Source: DBFZ (2019) DBFZ Report Nr. 11, Monitoring Biokraftstoffsektorhttps://www.dbfz.de/fileadmin/user_upload/Referenzen/DBFZ_Reports/DBFZ_Report_11_4.pdf

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� Political and social pressure for more climate protection

� Legal commitments induce higher shares of biofuels

� Solutions close to market required immediately (biofuel options)

� Sophisticated solutions (advanced (bio)fuels) are to be developed

� Perspectives for BABET REAL 5 Ethanol are very promising, when

� we manage to gain acceptance for this fuel

� raw materials are being rewarded fairly

� production technologies are being efficient

Outlook

Thuneke

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Thank You!