bioenergetics1
TRANSCRIPT
1
BIOENERGETICSBIOENERGETICS
Copyright Cmassengale
2
What is Bioenergetics?The study of
energyenergy in living living systemssystems (environments) and the organismsorganisms (plants and animals) that utilize them
Copyright Cmassengale
3
Energy Required by
all organisms May be
Kinetic or Potential energy
Copyright Cmassengale
4
Kinetic Energy Energy of
Motion Heat and
light energy are examples
Copyright Cmassengale
5
Potential Energy EnergyEnergy of of
positionposition Includes Includes
energy energy stored in stored in chemical chemical bondsbonds
Copyright Cmassengale
6
Two Types of Energy Reactions
Copyright Cmassengale
7
Endergonic Reactions Chemical reactionChemical reaction that
requires a net input of energyenergy.
PhotosynthesisPhotosynthesis
6CO2 + 6H2O → C6H12O6 + 6O2
SUNphotonsphotons
LightEnergy
(glucose)(glucose)
Copyright Cmassengale
8
Exergonic Reactions Chemical reactionsChemical reactions that
releases energyreleases energy Cellular Respiration
C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O+ ATP(glucose)(glucose)
EnergyEnergy
Copyright Cmassengale
9
Metabolic Reactions of Cells
Copyright Cmassengale
10
What is Metabolism? The sum totalsum total
of the chemical chemical activitiesactivities of all cellscells.
Copyright Cmassengale
11
Two Types of Metabolism Anabolic Anabolic
PathwaysPathways Catabolic Catabolic
PathwaysPathways
Copyright Cmassengale
12
Anabolic PathwayAnabolic Pathway Metabolic reactions,Metabolic reactions, which
consume energyconsume energy (endergonic),(endergonic), to buildbuild complicated molecules from simpler compounds.
PhotosynthesisPhotosynthesis
6CO2 + 6H2O → C6H12O6 + 6O2
SUNlightlightenergyenergy
(glucose)(glucose)
Copyright Cmassengale
13
Catabolic PathwayCatabolic Pathway Metabolic reactionsMetabolic reactions which release release
energyenergy (exergonic)(exergonic) by breaking breaking downdown complex molecules in simpler compounds
Cellular RespirationCellular Respiration C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O + ATP(glucose)(glucose)
energy
Copyright Cmassengale
14
Cellular Energy - Cellular Energy - ATPATP
Copyright Cmassengale
15
ATPATP Components:Components:
1. adenine: nitrogenous base1. adenine: nitrogenous base2. ribose:2. ribose: five carbon sugar five carbon sugar3.phosphate group: chain of 33.phosphate group: chain of 3
riboseribose
adenineadenine
P P P
phosphate groupphosphate group
Copyright Cmassengale
16
Adenosine TriphosphateAdenosine Triphosphate Three Three
phosphate phosphate groups-groups-(two(two with high with high energy bondsenergy bonds
Last phosphateLast phosphate group (POgroup (PO44) ) contains the contains the MOST energyMOST energy
Copyright Cmassengale
17
Breaking the Bonds of ATPBreaking the Bonds of ATP Process is called
phosphorylationphosphorylation Occurs continually
in cells Enzyme ATP-aseATP-ase
can weaken & break last POlast PO44 bondbond releasing energy & free PO4
Copyright Cmassengale
18
How does ATP work ?How does ATP work ? Organisms use enzymesenzymes to
break down energy-rich energy-rich glucoseglucose to release its potential energy
This energy is trapped and stored in the form of adenosine triphosphate(ATP)adenosine triphosphate(ATP)
Copyright Cmassengale
19
How Much ATP Do Cells Use?How Much ATP Do Cells Use? It is estimated
that each celleach cell will generate and consume approximately 10,000,000 10,000,000 molecules of molecules of ATP ATP per secondper second
Copyright Cmassengale
20
Coupled Reaction - ATPCoupled Reaction - ATP The exergonic exergonic
hydrolysishydrolysis of ATPATP is coupled with the endergonic endergonic dehydration dehydration processprocess by transferringtransferring a phosphate groupphosphate group to another molecule.
HH22OO
HH22OOCopyright Cmassengale
21
Hydrolysis ofHydrolysis of ATP ATPATP + H2O → ADP + P
(exergonic)
HydrolysisHydrolysis(add water)(add water)
P P P
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)
P P P++
Adenosine diphosphate (ADP)Adenosine diphosphate (ADP)Copyright Cmassengale
22
Hyrolysis is ExergonicHyrolysis is Exergonic
Energy Energy Used Used by by
CellsCells
Copyright Cmassengale
23
Dehydration ofDehydration of ATP ATPADP + ADP + P P →→ ATPATP + + HH22O O
(endergonic(endergonic)
P P P
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)
P P P++
Adenosine diphosphate (ADP)Adenosine diphosphate (ADP)
DehydrationDehydration(Remove H(Remove H22OO
Copyright Cmassengale
24
Dehydration is EndergonicDehydration is Endergonic
Energy Energy is is restored restored in in Chemical Chemical BondsBonds
Copyright Cmassengale
25
ReviewReview
Copyright Cmassengale
26
How many high energy How many high energy phosphate bonds does ATP phosphate bonds does ATP
have?have?
Copyright Cmassengale
27
Which is true of photosyntheis?Which is true of photosyntheis?
Anabolic Anabolic or or CatabolicCatabolic
ExergonicExergonic OrOr EndergonicEndergonic
Copyright Cmassengale
28
The breakdown of ATP is The breakdown of ATP is due to:due to:
DehydrationDehydration oror HydrolysisHydrolysis
HH22O addedO added oror HH22O removedO removed
Copyright Cmassengale
29
Which Reactions are often Which Reactions are often Coupled in OrganismsCoupled in Organisms
HydrolysisHydrolysis or or Dehydration Dehydration
AnabolismAnabolism or Catabolism or Catabolism
EndergonicEndergonic oror ExergonicExergonic
BOTHBOTH
BOTHBOTH
BOTHBOTH
Copyright Cmassengale
30
Ready for the test? Ready for the test? If not, review and If not, review and
try again!!!try again!!!
Copyright Cmassengale