biodynamic viticulture · ocultism 1924 1924 to 1939 = 800 persons following the ideas of a new...

Biodynamic ViticultureHistory, Concept and its influence on Viticulture and Wine

UC: Advanced ViticultureProfessor: Carlos LopesStudents: Ana Jorge, nº 25673; Daniela Matias, nº 22586; Mariana Sequeira, nº 25210; Rafael Carvalho, nº 25691; Ricardo Silva Pinto, nº 25224

Contents

1. History and Concept;

2. Preparations;

3. Demeter and Certification;

4. Worldwide trend of Demeter-certified farms/vineyard;

5. Biodynamic Viticulture vs Convencional Viticulture;

6. Biodynamic Viticulture: Wines Sensorial Profile;

7. Biodynamic Viticulture: Environmental, Economic and Social Sustainability;

8. Conclusion;

9. References.

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1. History and Concept

Rudolf Steiner

Biodynamic Agriculture

Waldorf Metod

Spiritual Philosophy

Preparations of diluted natural

substances

Ocultism

1924

1924 to 1939 = 800 persons following the ideas of a new type of

agriculture;

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Erhard Bartsch

❏ 1985-1960, testing the effects of biodynamic agriculture;

❏ Results published in Demeter jornal;


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Ehrenfried Pfeiffer

❏ 1938, “Biodynamic Agriculture and Gardening”❏ Published in 5 languages;❏ Divulgation and boost of biodynamic agriculture;


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Start to work with the principles of biodynamicagriculture, but later turns into an entetie thatcertificate and give formation in the use of organicproducts.

Nowadays, biodynamic agricultureis present in more than 60countries.


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❏ Ecological equilibrium;

❏ This type of agriculture, is more than produce organic materials. If we don’t practice

this type of agriculture using the spiritual, mystic and astrologic way, the most

important points of biodynamic agriculture will not be respected;

❏ Rotation;

❏ Incorporation and symbioses of different cultures;

❏ The moon and the constellations, are an important factor to biodynamic agriculture.

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2. Preparations in viticulture ❏ 500 and 501 – Formation of humus, by pulverization or dispersion in the soil of the

preparations;

❏ 502 to 508 – Usage of medicinal plants and part of animals.

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3. Demeter/Certification

1928 Castellini et al., 2017

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4. Worldwide trend of Demeter-certified farms/vineyard

Castellini et al., 2017

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5.1 Biodynamic vs Conventional: Soil Quality

Angelopoulou et al. (2013)

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MWD mean weight diameter%AM arbuscular mycorrhizal

Fertilization and reduced TreatmentsLegumes in cover crops

PROMOTES SOIL QUALITY

5.2 Biodynamic vs Conventional: Growth & Vigor

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Döring J. et al. (2015)

VIGOR INTEGRATED FARMING

19%PRUNING WEIGHT

BIODYNAMIC

COVER CROP WATER STRESS GROWTH AND VIGOR

5.2 Biodynamic vs Conventional: Growth & Vigor

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Values in the same column followed by different letters are significantly differentns-not significant

LATERAL LEAF AREA

CHLOROPHYLL CONTENT

ASSIMILATION SURFACE VSP

GROWTHNITROGEN CONVENTIONAL

BIODYNAMIC

5.3 Biodynamic vs Conventional: Yield & Production

Collins et al. (2017)

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15% YIELD BIODYNAMIC

COVER CROP WATER STRESS

YIELD CONVENTIONAL

CHEMICAL CROP THINNING

5.4 Biodynamic vs Conventional: Grapes Quality

Bertoldi D. et al. (2017)

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Angelopoulou et al. (2013)


CONVENTIONALSUGAR CONCENTRATION

YIELD

SYSTEMIC FUNGICIDES REDUCES PRODUCTION OF AMINO ACIDS

5. Biodynamic vs Conventional: Main conclusion

Soil

IMPROVES SOIL QUALITY

Growth & Vigor

REDUCE GROWTH AND VIGOR

Yield & Production

NO CONCLUSIVE

Grapes Quality

NO CONCLUSIVE

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6. Biodynamic Viticulture: Wines Sensorial Profiles

The existing case studies are not conclusive

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!

However

Penfold et.al studied that:

Penfold C., Johnston L., Marschner P. (2015). The relative sustainability of organic, biodynamic and conventional viticulture: Final report to Australian grape and wine authority. UA 1102, University of Adelaide, Australia.08/11/2020


What can we conclude about the previous method?

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Organic and biodynamic management can improve certain sensory characteristics of wine.

This method of wine evaluation has the potential to evaluate experimental wines more profitably before proceeding to a more detailed sensory analysis.


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Döring J. et al.concludes that the type of system does not influence the sensory characteristics of the wine

Dupin et al. & Meißner

Conventional: floral, fruity, vegetable and complexBD: more balanced, full-bodied, with a stronger minerality and longer

Collins et al. BD plots were richer, fuller, more complex and vibrant compared with the wines from conventionally managed plots


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BD grapes showed a significantly higher ºBrix and, in particular, higher total phenols and total anthocyanins.

Carpenter-Boggs et al. & Angelopoulou et al.

Bertoldi D. et al.

7. Biodynamic Viticulture: Environmental, Economic and Social Sustainability

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Villanueva-Rey et al., 2014


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Villanueva-Rey et al., 2014

❏ The cost of growing organic wine grapes is from 10% to 15%, which is higher thanthat for conventional grapes, and the cost of growing biodynamic grapes increasesagain by 10–15% compared to that of the organic product.

❏ Biodynamics increased workload by ∼30% compared to conventional viticulture,mainly due to planning, organizing and preparing precisely calibrated natural

treatments for their vineyards.

In conclusion, producing a bottle of biodynamic wine costs at least 50% more, but the

sale price of the bottle is not much more expensive.

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8. Conclusion

❏ Biodynamic Viticulture promotes soil quality but reduces growth and vigor of the vines.

❏ There are no conclusive studies regarding the quality of the must and the differences

between conventional and biodynamic wines.

❏ Consumers who identify with the producers' holistic philosophy are available to pay

higher prices.

❏ Not possible to conclude which was the best since different authors showed different

results.

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9. References❏ Angelopoulou F., Bilalis D., Konstantas A., Papatheohari Y., Papastylianou P. e Travlos I. (2013). Εffect of

Organic, Biodynamic and Conventional Farming Systems in Selected Soil Parameters of Various Crops.

Laboratory of Agronomy, Faculty of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos str., GR

11855, Athens, Greece. Bulletin UASVM Horticulture, 70(1)/2013, 19-25;

❏ Bertoldi D., Malacarne M., Mescalchin E., Nicolini G., Pellini M., Román T. e Zanzotti R. (2017). The

comparison of organic, biodynamic and conventional farming in Pinot Blanc and Rhine Riesling in the 2016

vintage year. GiESCO Mendoza 2017 - 150-152;

❏ Carpenter-Boggs L., Closkey L., McGourty G., Reganold J., Reeve J. e York A. (2005). Soil and winegrapequality in biodinamically and organically managed vineyards. American Journal of Enology and Viticulture,

56(4):367-376.

❏ Castellini, A., Mauracher, C., & Troiano, S. (2017, Fevereiro 13). An overview of the biodynamic wine sector.International Journal of Wine Research, 9, 1–11. https://doi.org/10.2147/IJWR.S69126;

❏ Collins C., Döring J., Kauer R. e Stoll M (2017). Organic and Biodynamic Viticulture: a Systematic Review.

GiESCO Mendoza 2017 - 57;25

https://www.zotero.org/google-docs/?Cso8Hrhttps://doi.org/10.2147/IJWR.S69126

9. References

❏ Delmas, M. A., Doctori Blass, V., & Shuster, K. (2006). Ceago Vinegarden: How green is your wine? UC Santa Barbara:Donald Bren School of Environmental Science and Management Program on Governance for Sustainable Development.

https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5k657745;

❏ Döring J., Frisch M., Kauer R., Stol M. e Tittmann S. (2015). Growth, Yield and Fruit Quality of Grapevines under Organic

and Biodynamic Management. PLoS ONE 10(10): e0138445. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0138445;❏ Penfold C., Johnston L., Marschner P. (2015). The relative sustainability of organic, biodynamic and conventional

viticulture: Final report to Australian grape and wine authority. UA 1102, University of Adelaide, Australia.08/11/2020❏ Villanueva-Rey, P., Vázquez-Rowe, I., Moreira, M. T., & Feijoo, G. (2014). Comparative life cycle assessment in the wine

sector: Biodynamic vs. conventional viticulture activities in NW Spain. Journal of Cleaner Production, 65, 330–341.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2013.08.026.

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https://www.zotero.org/google-docs/?Cso8Hrhttps://escholarship.org/uc/item/5k657745https://www.zotero.org/google-docs/?Cso8Hrhttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2013.08.026

biodynamic viticulture · ocultism 1924 1924 to 1939 = 800 persons following the ideas of a new...

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