biodiversity, cycle of matter, genetic variation, flow of energy objective: learn what factors make...

Biodiversity, Cycle of Matter, Genetic variation, Flow of Energy

Objective: Learn What Factors Make an Ecosystem More StableKey Words: Biodiversity, Genetic Variation,

Grassland Desert RainforestForest

Do Now: Write 4 factors that determine the stability in an ecosystem

The more biodiversity present in an ecosystem the more stable the ecosystem is.

Flow of Energy

Cycle of Matter

Geneticvariation

BiodiversityStability

Community Interactions

When organisms live together in ecological

communities, they interact constantly.

Organisms of the same or different species attempt to use an ecological resource in the same place at the same time

The competitive exclusion principle: No two species can occupy the same niche in the same habitat at the same time.

Competition

Objective: Understand the Community Interactions in an EcosystemKey Words: Competition, Predation, Symbiosis, Mutualism, Commensalism, Parasitism, Host

One organism captures and feeds another organism

• The organism that does the killing and eating is called the Predator

• The food organism is the Prey

Predation


Cheetah Impala

Symbiosis

One member of the association benefits and the other is neither helped nor harmed

One organism lives on or inside another organism and harms it

Both species benefit from the relationship

Many flowers depend on certain species of insects to pollinate them

Small marine animals called barnacles, attach themselves to a whale’s skin

MutualismCommensalism

Parasitism

Parasites: fleas, tapeworms, ticks, lice… obtain nutrients from another organism (Host)


Two species live closely together

- -

Mutualism CommensalismParasitismPredation

Commensalism

ParasitismPredation

Competitions

+ - + + + O + -

Objective: Understand the Community Interactions in an EcosystemKey Words: Competition, Predation, Symbosis, Mutualism, Commensalism, Parasitism, Host

• Termites have cellulose-digesting microorganisms living in their digestive tracts. Without these microorganisms, termites could not get nutrients from the wood they eat. In turn, the termites, provide the microorganisms with food and a place to live.

Mutualism


termites

Cellulose-digestingmicroorganisms

This type of relationship is know as ______________________________


termites

termitesCellulose-digestingmicroorganisms

Pilot fish

Nodules on the roots with bacteria

Legumes, clover, alfalfa, peas

Lichens

tapewormClownfish

Anemone

• Pilot fish are small fish that live with sharks. They eat the scraps left over from the shark’s feeding. Thus, the shark provides the pilot fish with food. The pilot fish neither helps nor hurts the shark.

Commensalism


Pilot fish


• Lichens consist of algal or blue-green bacterial and fungal cells.

• Both types of cells benefit from this association.

• It allows them to live in environments in which neither could survive alone.

• Through photosynthesis, the algae or blue-green bacteria produce food for themselves and for the fungi.

• The fungi provide moisture and the structural framework and attachment sites in which the algae or bacteria grow.

Mutualism


This type of relationship is know as ______________

Lichens

• Legumes, clover, alfalfa, peas, have nodules on their roots in which certain bacteria grow.

• The bacteria convert nitrogen gas from the air in the soil into forms usable by the plants.

• In this relationship, the plants are supplied with the nitrogen compounds they need, while the bacteria are given an environment in which they can grow and reproduce.

Mutualism


Nodules on the roots with bacteria

This type of relationship is know as ______________

Legumes, clover, alfalfa, peas

• Tapeworms live in the digestive tracts of various animals.

• There they are provided with nutrients and an environment in which to grow and reproduce.

• However the host is harmed by the presence of the tapeworms.

• The loss of nutrients and tissue damage caused by the worm can cause serious illness.

Parasitism


tapeworm


• Clownfish and anemone, each protects the other against predators. The fish is able to produce a special mucus that causes the anemone not to release its stings. In return for the anemone's protection, the fish brings scraps to it, and lures larger fish into the anemone's tentacles

Mutualism


Clownfish


Anemone

Hyena

Vulture

Raccoon

Fleas

Ticks

Lice

Objective: Understand the Community Interactions in an Ecosystem

Key Words: Scavenger, Parasite, Host, Omnivore, Saprophyte

FOODNUTRIENTS

SAPROPHYTES or DECOMPOSER

Organisms that feed on dead an decaying organisms

Ex: bacteria, fungi

HERBIVORES

Organisms that feed on plants and plants materials.

Ex: cows, horses, sheep

CARNIVORES

Organisms that feed on other animals.

Ex: wolves, lions, tigers

PREDATORS

Carnivores that kill and consume their prey.

Ex: owls, wolves

SCAVENGERS

Carnivores that feed on dead animals that they find.

Ex: buzzards, vultures, hyenas, raccoons

OMNIVORES

Animals that feed on both plants and animals.

Ex: human, bear, pig

PARASITES

Organisms that attack other live organisms but not kill them.

Ex: ticks, lice, fleas

Objective: Understand the Community Interactions in an Ecosystem

Key Words: Scavenger, Parasite, Host, Omnivore, Saprophyte

Ant-aphid mutualism: the aphids are protected against predators by the ants who cultivate the aphids for their secretions of honeydew, a food source

biodiversity, cycle of matter, genetic variation, flow of energy objective: learn what factors make...

Documents

ecosystemkey words

stablekey words

organism hostobjective

hostone organism

organismthe organism

hosttwo species

different species

predatorthe food organism