Towards Climate Change Resilience : Integrating Urban Biodiversity with CCA Sub-regional Annual Conference

December 19, 2013

By Ms. Nisakorn Wiwekwin

Chonburi Integrated Coastal Management project coordinator

Biodiversity and CCA in Coastal Cities

Outline

I. What is the value of the coastal and marine environment?

II. What are the threats to the sustainable development of the

coastal and marine areas?

III. What are our responses to these SD threats?

a) International

b) Regional

IV. How do we operationalize our responses?

V. What has been the progress?

VI. What is our way forward?

East Asia – Global Center of Marine Biodiversity

Source: UN, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division. 2006. World

Urbanization Prospects

Mega-cities in the

EAS region

- - threats to the

Sustainable

Development of the

coastal and marine

areas

International Trends on Ocean

Governance: From Rio to Rio+20

PEMSEA Resource Facility

Principles of sustainable development: Rio Declaration

General areas of action and framework: Agenda 21

General environment: Principles and Areas of Action

Marine pollution: Principles and Areas of Action: UNCLOS

Climate change: UNFCCC

Fisheries: FAO Code of Conduct

Biodiversity: CBD

Waste management

Land-based sourcces of marine pollution: Areas of Action and Frameworks: GPA

Sea-based sources of marine pollution

CITES

Ramsar Convention

World Heritage Convention

Kyoto Protocol

Vienna Convention

Hyogo Framework of Action

Nagoya Protocol Fisheries Convention

Montreal Protocol

CMS

Whaling Convention

UN CCD

Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources

Basel Convention

Stockholm Convention

Rotterdam Convention

London Convention

Prevention and Management

Preparedness and Response

Liability and compensation

MARPOL 73/78

OPRC

OPRC-HNS

Salvage

Intervention CLC/FUND

HNS

Bunker Convention

Basel Protocol

Antifouling

Ballast water

SUA

SOLAS

Load Lines

Integrated Implementation of International

Conventions

Reaffirming the Outcomes of the RIO +

20

at the Regional Level

“Toward an Ocean-Based Blue Economy: Moving Ahead with the Sustainable

Development Strategy for the Seas of East Asia”

• 20 days after Rio+20

• PEMSEA countries in the East Asian Region formalize their intentions on the outcome of RIO+20

Regional Mechanism for SDS-SEA

Implementation

Regional declaration of commitments

to implement a shared vision and

common objectives

Adopted by 14 countries

(2003)

Sustainable Development Strategy for the Seas of East Asia

• 6 strategies

• 227 action programs

• principles, objectives and actions

enshrined in global and regional

agreements including UNCLOS, Agenda

21, WSSD, MDG

• Implementation through ICM framework

and process

Framework for Sustainable Development of Coastal Areas

Set up Coordinating

Mechanisms at the

Regional, LME and

National Levels

Achieve Coastal and

Ocean Policy/

Legislation

Maximize Local

Government CapacityGovernance

Sustainable

FinancingMobilize donors, domestic and foreign investors and other concessional sources

of funding to help address program gaps in means and capacity

Increase public and private sector investments in enterprises, technologies,

practices and services that contribute to a sustainable ocean-based blue economy

Demonstrate and replicate the use of innovative financial and economic

instruments and other incentives, designed to drive positive changes in behavior

Capacity

Development/K

nowledge

Management

Establish accredited ICM and special skills training courses and programs

Enable ICM Learning Centers, National and Regional Centers of Excellence and

educational institutions to train, educate and build awareness in coastal and ocean

management

Build a knowledge platform and support network to facilitate scientifically sound

decisions and investments in sustaining ecosystem services

ICM Scaling Up

Realize climate change adaptation (CCA) and disaster risk reduction (DRR)

measures in vulnerable coastal areas through ICM Programs

Integrate sustainable use of coastal and marine ecosystem services into ICM

programs in biodiversity and fisheries hotspots

Advance water supply conservation and management and pollution reduction and

waste management through ICM programs in priority coastal and watershed areas

Monitoring/

EvaluationApply the State of the Coasts Reporting System

Implement integrated environmental monitoring to strengthen knowledge and

understanding of ecosystems and their management from “ridge to reef”

FRAMEWORK FOR SDS-SEA IMPLEMENATION 2012-2016

Application of ICM for Biodiversity Conservation and

Climate Change Adaptation

PEMSEA Resource Facility

Temperature increased by 0.1 – 0.3 ºC per decade

• By 2050: 1.30 – 2.32 ºC (IPCC, 2007)

• By 2100: 2.4 – 5.0 ºC (this Study)

Precipitation decreased in many parts

Sea level is rising at 1 to 8 mm per decade

Extreme events increasing (intensity & frequency)

Almost all sectors are severely affected:

• Often worth millions or billions $

• Large number of loss in life

Climate Change Impacts on Southeast Asia

• Extreme weather/ events disasters

• Increased flooding

• Freshwater shortage

• Saltwater intrusion

• Sea level rise

• Ocean acidification

• Coastal and Marine

resources

• Peoples’ security,

livelihood and way

of life

SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

affect

A Challenge to

Impacts of Climate Change

Integrating CCA and DRR into the Chonburi ICM program

• Existence of coordinating mechanism & institutional arrangement at the local level

• Implementation of Coastal Strategy: priority climate change risks identification, policy and planning through the PCC, PMO and consultation to stakeholders

• Improving Risk Assessment/Risk Management

• Scientific researches and observation for climate change impacts and potential management

• Public awareness: course materials for climate change knowledge

• Capacity building: Training and field studies for LGU executives and practitioners

• Private sector participation

• Extension of financing mechanism for ICM program for climate change

- Annual local and national government budgets

- Funding from international organizations, NGOs, the private sector and foundations

Communities

PEMSEA

Resources mobilization

Academe:Kasetsart, Burapha,

Chulalongkorn Universityand various Private School

Global Environment Facility/Small Grants

Programme

Wastewater ManagementAuthority

Underwater World Pattaya Co.,Ltd. + Siam Ocean World Bangkok Co., Ltd.

Chonburi ICM Program

Fishery Association of Chonburi Province +

Thai Environment Institute

Central, Provincial and Local Government Units

Oil Industrial EnvironmentSafety Group + Oil Spill Response

Vinythai Public Company Limited+ PEARL Energy a Mubadala Company

Council of Local Authorities

for International Relations, Japan

International Ocean

Institute

• ICM Action Plans for Chonburi Province

– Prepared every 3 years in accordance with local government planning cycle (2006-2008, 2009-2011, 2012-2014)

• Specifies activities that local governments can do together as well as individually depending on needs and concerns, including:

– Strengthening governance mechanisms for coastal and environmental management

– Development & implementation of management programs related to:

• Natural and man-made hazard prevention and management

• Habitat protection, restoration and management

• Water use and supply management

• Food security and livelihood management

• Pollution reduction and waste management

Coastal Strategy Implementation Plan

Governance: Some Key Considerations

• Natural resource

and coastal

protection

• Disaster and

emergency

preparedness

• Relocation of

vulnerable human

settlements

• Interagency, multi-sectoral

coordinating mechanism

• Roles and responsibilities of

different sectors/levels of

government

• Technical/experts advisory

panel

• Human and financial resource

commitments

• ICM legislation

• Land- and sea-use

planning and

performance

standards;

• Enforcement of

sectoral legal

instruments

• Vulnerability assessment and

mapping tools to help

communities and

governments build

consensus on ways to

minimize public and private

asset risks, by better

targeting policies,

investments, and insurance.

• Land- and sea-use

planning to encourage/

direct private and

public investments

• Capital support for

infrastructures that are

resilient to the effects

of climate change, as

well as protection of

vulnerable utilities and

facilities

• Safety net insurance

schemes, in

partnership with

government, donors

and private sector

• Disaster management plans to ensure effective response to the effects of hazards,

including timely early warnings and the temporary evacuation of people and property from

threatened locations

• Disaster preparedness activities including simulations, demonstrations, and drills, as well

as training and education in specific skills

SD Aspects: Adaptation Measures

• Upgrading existing and

building new hard

structures (e.g., dikes,

levees, floodwalls,

barriers) and soft

structures (e.g., mangrove

rehabilitation)

• Early warning

systems/shelters/

emergency funds

• Financial safety nets to

help the more vulnerable

sectors of society who are

least likely be able to

afford protection. • Mangrove reforestation;

• Stabilization of

riverbanks/coastlines;

• Coral reef/seagrass

management/ rehabilitation

• MPA/MPA networks

• Watershed

management; flood

management water

conservation/ reuse;

protection/

rehabilitation of

reservoirs/infiltration

zones

• Groundwater

management; sensitive

coastal areas sensitive

to subsidence and

salt water intrusion

• Diversifying food production

and income generation

• Improved licensing and

enforcement;

• Alternative livelihood

programs

• Micro financing programs

• Education

• Training

• Cleaning and refurbishment of of drainage systems

• Waste reduction; segregation; reuse/recovery;

• Energy and resource conservation;

• Financing and investment options; facilities and services

Demonstrating innovative measures to address concerns, such as:

• Fisheries/food security (e.g., Crab condominium, floating mussel farms, etc.)

• Pollution (e.g., Garbage Bank, use of grease traps)

• Hazard management (e.g., Local oil spill contingency plan, integrated coastal erosion management, etc.)

Public Awareness & Education

• Painting and essay-writing competitions, Youth camp, Bicycle rally

Mobilizing stakeholders for:

• Crab condo, sea turtle conservation, mangrove rehabilitation, seagrass transplantation, garbage bank, volunteers for marine environmental protection / oil spill monitoring and reporting

Implementation of the Coastal Strategy:

Addressing Priority Concerns and Engaging Stakeholders

Capacity building for local officials and personnel

• Study tours to ICM sites

• Trainings

Engaging partners

• Universities and local schools

• National agencies

• Private sector

• Communities

• Donors (e.g., SGP)

• Bilateral partners

Management-oriented researches

State of the Coast report

Implementation of the Coastal Strategy:

Addressing Priority Concerns and Engaging Stakeholders

The ICM Program provides a framework for the:

• Private/corporate sector to align their CSR programs with the goals and programs being implemented by local governments in support of ICM.

• Donors and development partners with a framework for developing strategic collaborations with local governments

• Local governments to systematically access resources from the corporate sector, donors and other partners in support of their priority programs

Engaging private sector and other partners

through ICM; way forward

Climate change measures in Chonburi

Water stress (scarcity) - Reuse of municipality wastewater,

strengthen Pollutor Pay and

conservation water resources bank

- Regulation of water storage for

new-building houses

Sectors Adaptive measures

Coastal protection - The integrated erosion management

Clean Air - Clean energy development through

Carbon Footprint adaptation