1. Biodiesel production from algaeGroup members Shafiq uz zaman2011-ch-379Hamid Mukhtar2011-ch-373Zain ul shahidin2011-ch-337Kalim ahmed2011-ch-376

2. Classification of energy ENERGY SOURCENon Renewable EnergyRenewable EnergySolar WindTraditionalAlternativeHydroOilNuclearOceanGasTar SandsGeothermalCoalOil ShaleBiomassGas Hydrates 3. BiofuelsBiodiesel Substitute for petrodieselEthanol Subsitute for gasolineLess common types: Biobutanol Synfuel 4. Why the Interest In Biodiesel? Renewable Resource with the largest potentialto get us off the foreign oil supply National Energy Security is an achievable goalwith Algae Oil Environmental Enhancement through ZeroSulfur and the sequestration of CO2 Economics & Job Creation through keepingthe production of fuels inside the Pakistan 5. Introduction to algae fuelsMicroalgae Contains oil Processed for biodiesel productionMacroalgae Composed of starch and cellulose Processed for ethanol production 6. Algae Oil yield Compared to other Feedstocks Comparative Yields Soy Bean50-65 Gallons Per Acre Per Year Camelina 150-400 Gallons Per Acre Per Year Palm 400-700 Gallons Per Acre Per Year Algae 2,000 to 20,000+ ?? Gallons Per Acre Per Year 7. Uniqueness of algae fuelsHigher oil yieldLesser land requirementfood vs. fuel Algae fuels AdaptabilityRange of productsWWT & CO2 capture 8. Lesser land requirement Algae is capable of producing 30 times more oilper acre than the current crops now utilized for the production of biofuels. Algae could produce up to 94,000 liters of oil peracre, shrinking land requirements 9. Adaptability to a range of environment Grown under conditions which are unsuitable for conventional crop production (marine water, wastewater, open ponds) 10. Solve the food versus fuel problem Does not compete directly with crops grown for food Algae can make use of marine and waster water Some algae can be grown in desert regions Some algae can be grown in ocean environment Does not require expensive nutrients for growing 11. A wide range of fuel products Biodiesel Ethanol AlgaeMethane Hydrogen 12. Integrated with CO2 capture 13. Additional Algae Oil Benefits: Can be Grown anywhere Non-polluting Zero Sulfur Releases Oxygen (can be captured and sold) Eats CO2 (a potentially valuable GHG offset) After the Oil is extracted the remaining presscake(BioMass) is a highly valuable product 14. How Does Algae Produce Oil? Algae is a single cell organism Algae feeds on the Hydrogen from the H2O and the Carbonfrom the CO2 and through the process of photosynthesis produces Hydrocarbon Chains and releases Oxygen Most strains of the Green and Green-Blue Algae can doubletheir mass every 24hour growing cycle Different strains of Algae produce Algae Oil with slightlydifferent hydrocarbon chains 15. How to obtain fuel from algae? Picking up the best algae Growing the algae Harvesting Generating the fuel product 16. Choosing an Algae Importantcharacteristics of Algae High % of total biomass isoil Maintains a high % of oil even under stress Compatible with our regional climate 17. Where To Grow It Extensions onto our water treatment plants Clean up our waste and generate fuel Agriculture runoff Exploit the countys many farms and vineyards Water ponds Algae could well grow on salty water as well as soft water 18. How Is Algae Grown? There are 3 methodologies that are currently being used to grow Algae with a wide number of variations! : 19. 1stOpen system 20. Open Tanks 21. Pivot Ponds 22. Open Ponds 23. Light Pulse Systems 24. Open Raceway Ponds 25. 2nd vertical systems (Vertigrows, Hanging Bags) 26. 3rd Closed systems(photo bioreactor)Tubular PBRAlso referred asPhoto bioreactors(PBR)Flat plate PBR 27. Bio reactor Bioreactors provide fast growth of algaewith the high contents of oil. Considerably reduces expenditures of labor &eliminates complexities in service.The system can work during long periods without destruction of culture. Light in a reactor is taken as much as it considerably increases its productivity. Self-cleaningReactors represent closed, controlled, automated systems. 28. The technological circuit of installation of a bioreactor 29. dOil Extraction From Algae 30. There are three well-known methods to extract the oil from oilseeds, and these methods should apply equally well for algae too:1. Expeller/Press 2. Hexane solvent oil extraction 3. Supercritical Fluid extraction 31. 1.Pressing oil from the algae Dry the algae and press the oil from it. Can retrieve up to 70% of the oil. While drying must prevent the algae from becoming contaminated. Cheapest and simplest method 32. 2.Chemical Oil Extraction Use hexane solvents to remove the oil. Benzene could also be used. Must be careful when using. Removes oil out of almost all things. About 95% of total oil present in algaecould be extracted. 33. 3.Super Critical Oil Extraction Most efficient method. Equipment need special containment andpressure. Can extract almost 100% oil by itself. Uses carbon dioxide at critical pressure and temperature (CO2 is almost a liquid). Rapid diffusion of the oil.Zain qazi 34. Product generation via different methods Biodiesel Ethanol Hydrogen Methane Electricity where algae biomass is directly usedfor combustion Other hydrocarbon fuel, such as JP-8 fuel, gasoline, biobutanol etc. 35. Biodiesel from algae Cultivation of Microalgae speciesHarvesting of MicroalgaeExtraction of Oil from MicroalgaeTransesterificationBiodiesel 36. Ethanol from algae Algae BiomassFermentationEthanol 37. Hydrogen(H2) from algae BiomassGasificationBiogas FermentationSteam ReformationH2Dark Fermentation 38. Methane from algae Algae BiomassAnaerobic digestionMethane 39. Conclusion Even with few challenges taken into consideration, algaebiofuel s natural advantages look to make it one of the foremost players in the clean energy market Algae biofuel production holds future promise for developingcountries. More jobs Energy independence 40. Cost of the pilot project Aprox 20,000 to 25,000 in pakistani rupees.Which include Algae cultivation requirements Algae drying method Algae oil extraction 41. Thank you!Any question?