biod eisel
TRANSCRIPT
The economic stability of developing country like Pakistan depends upon the growth of the energy sector to influence social prosperity and long-term planning for utilization of domestic energy resources. Pakistan has been facing an unprecedented energy crisis since last few years. Its current energy demand far exceeds its indigenous supplies, fostering dependency on imported oil that places substantial burden on economy of the country
Pakistan consumes 8 Million tons of Diesel annually out of which 4 Million tons are imported. Diesel is consumed by the industrial, transportation and agriculture sectors, s which make u for 75% of the country’s annual energy use at 26.280 MOTE. 10% of country’s annual Diesel consumption replaced with Biodiesel will result in estimated savings in excess
of US $ 1 Billion per annum.
In Pakistan after cotton, rapeseed-mustard is the second most important source of oil in Pakistan. It is cultivated over an area of 307,000 hectares with annual production of 233,000 tonnes and contribute about 17% to the domestic production of edible oil. Rapeseed and mustard seed is a rich source of oil and protein. The seed has oil as high as 46-48 percent, Whole seed meal has 43.6 percent protein. Rapeseed meal is an excellent feed for animals.
What is Biodiesel? Alternative fuel for diesel engines
Made from vegetable oil or animal fat
Meets health effect testing (CAA)
Lower emissions, High flash point (>300F), Safer
Biodegradable, Essentially non-toxic.
Interesting ; 400 liters of Biodiesel per day using which a 200 KW generator can run for 8 hours on B100 (100% Biodiesel).
Preparation: Chemically, biodiesel molecules are mono-alkyl esters produced usually from triglyceride esters Raw vegetable oil is turned into biodiesel through a chemical process called transesterification that separates out glycerin for use in soaps and other products and leaves behind methyl esters (the technical term for biodiesel).
Fatty Acid Alcohol Glycerin
Biodiesel FA
FA FA
FA
Vegetable Oil
Biodiesel can be used in existing
Diesel Engines
Pure Biodiesel (B100) or blended with petroleum diesel (B20, BXX).
Little or no engine modifications
Use existing fuel distribution network.
Available now
Relative Greenhouse Gas Emissions
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160
Gasoline
CNG
LPG
Diesel
Ethanol 85%
B20
Diesel Hybrid
Electric
B100
Data from “A Fresh Look at CNG: A Comparison of Alternative
Fuels”, Alternative Fuel Vehicle Program, 8/13/2001
B100 = 100% Biodiesel
B20 = 20% BD + 80% PD
** B100 (100% biodiesel) with NOx adsorbing catalyst on vehicle
Relative emissions: Diesel and Biodiesel
0 20 40 60 80 100 120
Total Unburned HCs
CO
Particulate Matter
**NOx
Sulfates
PAHs
n-PAHs
Mutagenicity
CO2
Percent
B100 **
B20 Diesel
