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Biochemistry

Test 1

(2hours)

Name:

Matric No:Phone No:

Answer all questions.

1) Define theses term: (8)

a. monosacharides

b. biomolecules

c. cellulose

d. enantiomer

2) Name 9 elements in biomembranes and organelles in animal cell. State their function. (18)

3 a)The structure of a monosaccharide is given below:

i. What is the correct name for this monosaccharide? (2)

ii. Redraw the diagram in the answer booklet and label the position of carbon-1 and

carbon-4. (2)

b) Glucose forms a number of polymers.

i.

Name a polymer of glucose. (1)

ii. Draw a skeletal formula showing two glucose units linked in a length of the polymer youchose in b(i). Your diagram should show clearly the link between the two glucose units.

(3)

iii. Explain how this polymers structure makes it possible for its function. (4)iv. Draw the structure of amylopectin and amylose. Label the linkages present in each of

them

(6)

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4. Protein has four levels of structures. Discuss on each of the structures. (14)

5. Structure of a phospholipid is as below.

a. i. Identify the ester group in this structure. (2)ii. Identify two chiral carbon atoms in this structure. (4)iii. What is the overall charge on this phospholipid? (2)

b. With the aid of diagrams show and explain how phospholipids are assembled intobimolecular layers. (4)

6. Biochemistry is the study of thechemical processes in livingorganisms.It deals with thestructures

and functions of cellular components such asproteins,carbohydrates,lipids,nucleic acids and other

biomolecules. Over the last 40 years biochemistry has become so successful at explaining living

processes that now almost all areas of the life sciences from botany to biotechnology are engaged in

biochemical research. From your point of view, how the biochemistry knowledge can help thebiotechnology field especially in food processing industry? (10)

7. Raffinose is the most abundant trisaccharide found in nature. Draw a structure for the

trisaccharide raffinose given the following information: (10)

a) It is a trimer composed on D-galactose (1st

position) and D-Glucose (2nd

position) and D-

fructose (3rd

position).

b) The glycosidic linkage between galactose and glucose is (1,6)

c) The glycosidic linkage between glucose and fructose is , (1,2)

8.

a. Describe and explain the types of RNA. (6)

b. Give the differences and similarity between RNA and DNA. (4)

Ribonucleic acid (RNA) is a nucleic acid polymer. It consists of nucleotide

monomers.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemistryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Structureshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proteinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbohydratehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lipidhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nucleic_acidhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biomoleculehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biomoleculehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nucleic_acidhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lipidhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbohydratehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proteinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Structureshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemistry