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BIOC/DENT/PHCY 230 LECTURE 3

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Page 1: BIOC/DENT/PHCY 230 LECTURE 3. Fatty acids as a fuel o Fatty acids are the preferred fuel for most tissues o Fatty acids can only be metabolised aerobically

BIOC/DENT/PHCY 230

LECTURE 3

Page 2: BIOC/DENT/PHCY 230 LECTURE 3. Fatty acids as a fuel o Fatty acids are the preferred fuel for most tissues o Fatty acids can only be metabolised aerobically

Fatty acids as a fuel

Fatty acids are the preferred fuel for most tissues

Fatty acids can only be metabolised aerobically

Red blood cells can’t use fatty acids as they don’t have mitochondria

Neurons can’t use fatty acids as they are unable to cross the blood brain barrier

Page 3: BIOC/DENT/PHCY 230 LECTURE 3. Fatty acids as a fuel o Fatty acids are the preferred fuel for most tissues o Fatty acids can only be metabolised aerobically

Albumin-ffa

tissues

passive

Delivery of fatty acids for fuel

FABP-ffa

FABP = fatty acid binding protein

Transport across cell membrane

Page 4: BIOC/DENT/PHCY 230 LECTURE 3. Fatty acids as a fuel o Fatty acids are the preferred fuel for most tissues o Fatty acids can only be metabolised aerobically

Fatty acid activationFatty acids are activated for

oxidation by attachment to CoA

R-COO-+ATP+CoA-SH R-C-S-CoA +AMP + PPi

O

G0’= -0.8kJ/molfatty acyl-CoA

Page 5: BIOC/DENT/PHCY 230 LECTURE 3. Fatty acids as a fuel o Fatty acids are the preferred fuel for most tissues o Fatty acids can only be metabolised aerobically

Transport into mitochondria

Page 6: BIOC/DENT/PHCY 230 LECTURE 3. Fatty acids as a fuel o Fatty acids are the preferred fuel for most tissues o Fatty acids can only be metabolised aerobically

-Oxidation

Page 7: BIOC/DENT/PHCY 230 LECTURE 3. Fatty acids as a fuel o Fatty acids are the preferred fuel for most tissues o Fatty acids can only be metabolised aerobically

Regulation of -oxidation

In general, the catabolism of fatty acids is regulated by supply

In muscle, the availability of substrates for -oxidation can be controlled at several points:

1) Transport across the sarcolemma

2) Transport into the mitochondria

3) Hydrolysis of local fat stores

Page 8: BIOC/DENT/PHCY 230 LECTURE 3. Fatty acids as a fuel o Fatty acids are the preferred fuel for most tissues o Fatty acids can only be metabolised aerobically

1) Transport across the sarcolemma

FABPpm FAT (fatty acid translocase)

after fasting

with exercise

can translocate to membrane from vesicles

translocation stimulated by muscle contraction

Page 9: BIOC/DENT/PHCY 230 LECTURE 3. Fatty acids as a fuel o Fatty acids are the preferred fuel for most tissues o Fatty acids can only be metabolised aerobically

2) Transport into the mitochondria

CPT1

CPT1

Page 10: BIOC/DENT/PHCY 230 LECTURE 3. Fatty acids as a fuel o Fatty acids are the preferred fuel for most tissues o Fatty acids can only be metabolised aerobically

3) Hydrolysis of local fat stores

Intra-MuscularTriacylGlycerols (IMTGs)

Degraded by hormone sensitive lipase (HSL)

Page 11: BIOC/DENT/PHCY 230 LECTURE 3. Fatty acids as a fuel o Fatty acids are the preferred fuel for most tissues o Fatty acids can only be metabolised aerobically

Energy yield from the oxidation of palmitate (16:0)

Aerobic oxidation of glucose: ~36 ATP

Page 12: BIOC/DENT/PHCY 230 LECTURE 3. Fatty acids as a fuel o Fatty acids are the preferred fuel for most tissues o Fatty acids can only be metabolised aerobically

Exercise Metabolism

Exercise puts significant energy demands on the body

Different types of exercise require the mobilisation and differential processing of different fuels

Tissue needs during exercise can be met by:

1) intracellular high energy molecules

2) local stores of fuel macromolecules

3) remote stores of fuel macromolecules

4) synthesis of fuel molecules in certain tissues

Page 13: BIOC/DENT/PHCY 230 LECTURE 3. Fatty acids as a fuel o Fatty acids are the preferred fuel for most tissues o Fatty acids can only be metabolised aerobically

ATP can be generated by several metabolic pathways

during exerciseGlycolysis (aerobic and anaerobic)

-oxidation

Creatine phosphate

creatine phosphate + ADP creatine + ATP

G ~ 0

CK

CK = creatine kinase

Page 14: BIOC/DENT/PHCY 230 LECTURE 3. Fatty acids as a fuel o Fatty acids are the preferred fuel for most tissues o Fatty acids can only be metabolised aerobically

Fuel use is related to exercise intensity

Page 15: BIOC/DENT/PHCY 230 LECTURE 3. Fatty acids as a fuel o Fatty acids are the preferred fuel for most tissues o Fatty acids can only be metabolised aerobically

The take home message: Fatty acids are a widely used fuel

Fatty acids are catabolised by -oxidation to yield acetyl-CoA

-oxidation is mainly regulated by the delivery of substrate

Exercise increases the requirement for ATP Different types of exercise utilise different energy producing pathways


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