BIO SENSORSGUIDED BY

PROF. SANDEEP PARIYANIDEPARTMENT OF E&C,MEFGI-RAJKOT.

PREPARED BY

DHAVAL B. MAJITHIAPARTH M. JAKHRIYASAGAR V. TAMALIYA

SENSOR

A sensor that integrates a biological element with a physiochemical transducer to produce an electronic signal proportional to a single analytic which is then conveyed to a detector

BIO SENSOR

A Biosensor is a self-contained Integrated Device that is capable of providing specific quantitative or semi- quantitative analytical information using a bio logical element which is contact with a transduction element.

This is a device that uses specific biochemical reaction to detect chemical compound in biological compound.

FATHER OF BIO SENSORLeland C. Clark Jr. (1918–2005) was an American biochemist born in Rochester.

He is most well known as the inventor of the Clark Electrode, a device used for measuring oxygen in blood, water and other liquids.

Professor Leland C Clark Jnr

BASIC CHARACTERISTICS LINEARITY: Linearity of the sensor should be high for the

detection of high substrate concentration.

SENSITIVITY: The Value of the electrode response per substrate concentration.

SELECTIVITY: Chemicals Interference must be minimized for obtaining the correct result.

RESPONSE TIME: Time necessary for having 95% of the response.

SENSING TECHNIQUES

FluorescenceDNA MicroarraySPR Surface plasmon resonanceImpedance spectroscopySPM (Scanning probe microscopy, AFM,STM)QCM (Quartz crystal microbalance)SERS (Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy)Electrochemical

COMPONENTS OF BIOSENSORThe Three main components of biosensors are:

•Biological element: For sensing the presence and concentration of a substance.

•Transducer: The product of interaction of biological component and sample may be a suitable chemical, charge etc., which can be converted by transducer into an electrical signal.

•Associated Electronic Devices: The electrical signal may be further amplified and can be read on digital panels

BIO SENSORSGlucose Monitoring Device

Glucose Monitoring Device is used to monitors the glucose level in the blood.

It is mostly useful for diabetes patient to know his/her diabetes level so the doctor treat them well as soon as possible.

RING SENSORIt is a pulse proximetry, i.e. it monitors the oxygen saturation. It is based on the concept of photoconductor.

Principles :-Blood pressure pulse causes vessel wall displacement. Detection pulsatile blood volume changes by photoelectric method by photo resistor Connected as a part of voltage divider circuit and produces a voltage that varies with the amount of blood in the finger.

WORKING OF RING SENSORIn order to detect blood volume changes due to heart contraction and expansion by photoelectric method, normally photo resistors are used.

Light is emitted by LED and transmitted through the artery and the resistance of photo resistor is determined by the amount of light reaching it.

Oxygenated blood absorb more light than deoxygenated blood

A noise cancellation filter is used to cancel the noise due to motion of the finger.

ADVANTAGES Continuous monitoring.

Easy to use.

Reducing hospitalization

fee

DISADVANTAGES Initial cost is high.

Limited number of

physiological parameters

can be monitored.

SMART SHIRTSIt is also known as GTWM i.e. Georgia Tech Wearable Motherboard.

This GTWM (smart shirt) provides an extremely versatile framework for the incorporation of sensing, monitoring and information processing devices.

. It is used to integrate sensors for monitoring the vital signs

like temperature, heart rate and respiration rate.

It uses optical fibers to detect bullet wounds and special sensors and interconnects to monitor the body vital signs during combat conditions

WORKING OF SMART SHIRTA combat soldier sensor to his body, pulls the smart shirt on, and attaches the sensors to the smart shirt.

A “signal” is sent from one end of the plastic optical fiber to a receiver at the other end. The emitter and the receiver are connected to a Personal Status Monitor (psm) worn at the hip level by the soldier.

If the light from the emitter does not reach the receiver inside the PSM, it signifies that the smart shirt has been penetrated (i.e.; the soldier has been shot).

The signal bounces back to the PSM forum the point of penetration, helping the medical personnel pinpoint the exact location the solider wounds.

ADVANTAGES Continuous monitoring.

Right Treatment at the right

time

Easy to wear and takeoff.

DISADVANTAGES Initial cost is high

Battery life is less

APPLICATIONS Food Analysis Study of biomolecules and their interaction Drug Development Crime detection Medical diagnosis Environmental field monitoring Quality control Industrial Process Control Detection systems for biological warfare agents Manufacturing of pharmaceuticals and replacement organsDetection of toxic metabolites such as fungiRemote sensing of airborne bacteria e.g. in counter-bioterrorist activities

CONCLUSION

It is applied to restricted area of potential market.

The limitations is Sensitivity And battery life.

This is advanced technologies such as the smart shirt have at partial to dramatically alter its landscape of healthcare delivery and at practice of medicine as we know them today.

It is leading to the realization of “Affordable Healthcare, Any place, Anytime, Anyone”.

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