bio 11 diversity of living things
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BIO 11 Diversity of Living Things. p.326 Biology 11. Taxonomy. Taxonomy : science of classifying organisms Why bother classifying? To identify organisms To show how organisms are related. Once upon a time…. Aristotle’s classification system: Plant or Animal. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
BIO 11 BIO 11 Diversity of Living Diversity of Living ThingsThings
p.326 p.326 Biology 11Biology 11
TaxonomyTaxonomy
TaxonomyTaxonomy:: science of science of classifying organismsclassifying organisms
Why bother classifying?Why bother classifying? To identify organismsTo identify organisms To show how organisms are relatedTo show how organisms are related
Once upon a time….Once upon a time….
Aristotle’s classification system:Aristotle’s classification system:Plant or AnimalPlant or Animal
CharacteristicCharacteristic PhotosynthesisPhotosynthesis MovesMoves
PlantPlant
AnimalAnimal
p. 327 “Try This Activity”p. 327 “Try This Activity”
There were There were some some organisms that organisms that didn’t seem to didn’t seem to fit in either of fit in either of Aristotle’s Aristotle’s categoriescategories
CoralCoral
SpongesSponges
EuglenaEuglena
Now what?Now what?
The invention of the microscope in the The invention of the microscope in the 1717thth century further complicated things. century further complicated things.
Microrganisms i.e. bacteria neither plants Microrganisms i.e. bacteria neither plants nor animalsnor animals
Classification system needed to be Classification system needed to be improved…improved…
Classification systems Classification systems continue to evolvecontinue to evolve as new as new discoveries are madediscoveries are made
p.329 Biology 11p.329 Biology 11
Currently, all organisms are divided into 6 Currently, all organisms are divided into 6 kingdomskingdoms
Using p.329-330, list the 6 kingdoms and Using p.329-330, list the 6 kingdoms and give 2 examples of eachgive 2 examples of each
The 6 KingdomsThe 6 Kingdoms
1.1. Eubacteria i.e. bacteria, cyanobacteriaEubacteria i.e. bacteria, cyanobacteria
2.2. Archaebacteria i.e. methanogens, Archaebacteria i.e. methanogens, extreme halophilesextreme halophiles
3.3. Protista i.e. algae, protozoaProtista i.e. algae, protozoa
4.4. Fungi i.e. mushrooms, yeastsFungi i.e. mushrooms, yeasts
5.5. Plantae i.e. ferns, flowering plantsPlantae i.e. ferns, flowering plants
6.6. Animalia i.e. mammals, spidersAnimalia i.e. mammals, spiders
In the Eukaryota domain, kingdom In the Eukaryota domain, kingdom Protista has the most biological diversityProtista has the most biological diversity
Biological diversityBiological diversity: variety of living : variety of living organismsorganisms
Levels of ClassificationLevels of Classification
7 taxa / levels:7 taxa / levels: KingdomKingdom is the is the
largest taxon and largest taxon and most vast and non-most vast and non-specificspecific
SpeciesSpecies is the is the smallest and most smallest and most specific taxonspecific taxon
How to remember?How to remember?
Taxonomic SystemsTaxonomic Systems
Carl Linnaeus pioneered current Carl Linnaeus pioneered current classification system.classification system.
More physical and structural features More physical and structural features organisms have in common, the more organisms have in common, the more closely related they areclosely related they are
Linnaeus invented Linnaeus invented binomial binomial nomenclaturenomenclature
Binomial NomenclatureBinomial Nomenclature
2-word scientific naming system that names 2-word scientific naming system that names organisms using format “organisms using format “Genus species”Genus species”.. Uses Latin wordsUses Latin words Genus is capitalized, species is notGenus is capitalized, species is not
i.e. i.e. Castor canadensis = Castor canadensis = beaverbeaver
Felix domesticusFelix domesticus = pet cat = pet cat
Genus:Genus: Biological group of species that are Biological group of species that are closely relatedclosely related
Species:Species: Group of organisms that can Group of organisms that can reproduce among themselves and produce reproduce among themselves and produce fertile offspringfertile offspring
i.e. ligers (from cross of lion + tiger) males are i.e. ligers (from cross of lion + tiger) males are sterile; lions and tigers are different speciessterile; lions and tigers are different species
i.e. mules (from donkey + horse) are sterile; i.e. mules (from donkey + horse) are sterile; donkeys and horses are different speciesdonkeys and horses are different species
Benefits of Binomial Benefits of Binomial Naming SystemNaming System
Why is it useful for people around the Why is it useful for people around the world to use the same name for world to use the same name for organisms?organisms?
Compare the names of:Compare the names of: Grizzly bear = Grizzly bear = Ursus horribilisUrsus horribilis Polar bear = Polar bear = Ursus maritimusUrsus maritimusWhat does it mean that these organisms What does it mean that these organisms
belong to the same genus?belong to the same genus?
AssignmentAssignment
1.1. p.334 # 2, 5p.334 # 2, 5
2.2. Namus gamusNamus gamus Assignment – due ? Assignment – due ?
Prokaryote vs EukaryoteProkaryote vs Eukaryote
Prokaryote:Prokaryote: an organism who does not an organism who does not have a nuclear membranehave a nuclear membrane Fewer organelles than eukaryotesFewer organelles than eukaryotes Kingdoms: (eu)bacteria, archaebacteriaKingdoms: (eu)bacteria, archaebacteria
Eukaryote:Eukaryote: an organism who has a an organism who has a nuclear membranenuclear membrane Kingdoms: protists, fungi, plants, animalsKingdoms: protists, fungi, plants, animals