binu_drought_ppt

8/7/2019 Binu_drought_ppt

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Drought is a period or condition of unusually dry weatherwithin a geographic area where rainfall is normally present. During a drought there is a lack of precipitation.

Droughts occur in all climatic zones.

Drought usually results in a water shortage that seriously interferes with human activity. Water-supply reservoirs

empty, wells dry up, and crop damage ensues. During a drought period there is a lack of water, and thus many of the poor die.


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EFFECTS OF DROUGHT E conomic- Loss of national economic growth, slowing down

of economic development - Damage to crop quality, less food production- Increase in food prices- Increased importation of food (higher costs)- Increased predation- Damage to fish habitat, loss from fishery production- Income loss for farmers and others affected


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E nvironmental

- Damage to animal species- Reduction and degradation of fish and wildlifehabitat

- Lack of feed and drinking water- Disease- loss of wildlife in some areas and too many inothers- Damage to plant species- Increased number and severity of fires- Wind and water erosion of soils


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S ocial- Food shortages- Loss of human life from food shortages, heat,suicides, violence- Mental and physical stress- Water user conflicts- Political conflicts- S ocial unrest - increased poverty - Population migrations


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TYPES OF DROUGHT

T ypes:Meteorological, Hydrological, Agricultural andS ocioeconomic

Meteorological Drought

Meteorological drought is the amount of drynessand the duration of the dry period. Atmosphericconditions that result in deficiencies of precipitation change from area to area.


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Hydrological Drought

Hydrological drought is associated with theeffects of periods of precipitation shortages onwater supply. Water in hydrologic storagesystems such as reservoirs and rivers are often

used for multiple purposes such as floodcontrol, irrigation, recreation, navigation,hydropower, and wildlife habitat.


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S ocioeconomic Drought

S ocioeconomic drought occurs when the

demand for an economic good exceedssupply as a result of a weather-related shortfallin water supply. T he supply of many economic goods, such as water, forage, foodgrains, fish, and hydroelectric power, dependson weather. Due to variability of climate,water supply is sufficient in some years but not satisfactory to meet human andenvironmental needs in other years.


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Mitigation strategies

Drought monitoring - Continuous observation of rainfall levels and comparisons with current usage levelscan help prevent man-made drought

Land use - Carefully planned crop rotation can help tominimize erosion and allow farmers to plant less water-dependent crops in drier years.

Rainwater harvesting - Collection and storage of rainwater from roofs or other suitable catchments.

Recycled water - Former wastewater (sewage) that hasbeen treated and purified for reuse.


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T ransvasement - Building canals or redirecting rivers as massive attempts at irrigation in drought-prone areas.

O utdoor water-use restriction - Regulating the use of sprinklers, hoses or buckets on outdoor plants, filling pools, and other water-intensive home maintenance

binu_drought_ppt

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