bijay lal pradhan...thesis pradhan, b. 9, îthe attitude, perception and readyness of students...
TRANSCRIPT
Bijay Lal Pradhan
Expect to make mistakes and to learn.
Expect to write and rewrite your research proposal several time! No body gets it right the first time!
Expect to spend many hours reading books and journals relating to your topic!
Expect to spend hours discussing your research with other researchers or with supervisors.
Expect to have your criticized
Expect to feel confused some times.
At Last: Expect to produce a highly professional research and to have a happier and successful research experience
You wouldn’t walk into a shop and buy the first shirt that you saw. Instead you would look at several shirts, compare them and purchase the one that suited you best.
It is always a good idea to generate several questions and then choose the best.
No Study ever answers all the questions that we want to ask about the particular subject. Research findings nearly always inspire new research questions.
ROL is a Process of learning & understanding the concept of the related topic
There is a saying
“ Six Hours in the library may save six months in the Laboratory.”
Starts early with investigation and during investigation and during writing thesis.
It provides picture of state of knowledge & major question which has to be investigated
Review of Literature is a review of the relevant "literature" (books, journals, magazines, Web sites) discussing the topic you want to investigate.
It discusses techniques and equipment that are appropriate for investigating your topic
It summarizes the theory behind your experiment.
A literature review is not a list describing or summarizing literature one after another. You have to synthesize and evaluate it according to the guiding concept of your thesis or research question.
To provide knowledge about the background of the work done by earlier researcher
To know what studies remains to be done
To avoid duplication of previous works
To determine the methodologies for research work & to draw conclusion
To identify Key variables
To determine scope and operational definition of key variables
Books
Articles published in National and International Journals
Paper presented in conference, Seminars & workshops
Published and unpublished thesis, working papers
Report published by GO & NGOs
Newspapers
Google Scholar provides a simple way to search for scholarly literature. Search across many disciplines and sources: peer-reviewed papers, theses, books, abstracts and articles, from academic publishers, professional societies, preprint repositories, universities and other scholarly organizations.
OARE
DOAJ : www.doaj.org
e-journals.org
ebooksgo.org
openculture.com/free_ebooks
gutenberg.org
fulltext.com
w3schools.com
opendoar.org
Research On:
Author(s):
Year of Publication:
Title of Paper
Title of Book/Journal:
Volume No:
Publisher & city
Where available:
Notes:
Speaking to your thesis Supervisor or Research Coordinator
Speaking to other researcher working in the same field.
Speaking to researcher from other discipline
Searching the journals related to your topic.
Spending time searching internet for relevant information.
Reading is perhaps your highest priority at this stage of research.
Make sure you read broadly and deeply so that you can be sure that you have established the best possible foundation for your research.
Reading takes time but it is time well spent. Make sure that you create enough time in your week to read.
Make sure that reading is uninterrupted.
Make list of all articles and books you think you should read, and note down the bibliographical details. Prioritize your reading so that you start with most relevant items and gradually get more general.
When reading a text try to pin down the concepts or arguments that you do not understand. Make an appointment to discuss the article with a more experience researcher or your supervisor.
Take a notes from you r reading which are relevant to your work.
Reviewing literature: it is not necessary to read each and every word and lines in the reference. Researcher must find the relevant section and lines in the reference. Researcher must find the relevant section of study and make notes. Notes may be in the form
quotation
Paraphrasing
A quotation is the use of your source's exact words in your work. A quotation may be as short as one word but, if that word is significant, it must be put in quotation marks and referenced.
“Quality control involves detection and elimination of components and final products which are not up to standard” Sallis (2002, p.29)
Sallis (2002) stated that quality control is usually carried out by quality professionals called quality controllers
Raymond (1996) argues that, "The people never knew what good food was" (p.245).
Paraphrasing means putting an author's ideas or information into your own words:
Original "This has led to the conclusion that, out of the Female population at large, 90% watch television to excess" (Pradhan, 2005).
Paraphrased In contradiction to Shrestha’s claim, Pradhan argues that 90% of Female watch too much television (2005).
Serially numbered list of written sources either published or unpublished
Can be arranged according to alphabetical order, division of subject, kind of work
Specification of literature used also will be listed (year of publication, name of author, Title of article/ paper/ report, name of journal, publisher, place of publication & page number)
Journal Article, One Author
Pradhan, B.,L. (2000). Implementation of TQM in Small Scale Sectors of Nepal, Saptaprawaha, 2, 93-97
Journal Article, Two Authors
Kothari, H. & Pradhan, B.,L. (2001). “The impact of Urban Lifestyle on Health of corporate executives”,“International Pacific Business Review”, 2 , 15-23
Pradhan, B.L. & Khan, K.,A. (2008), Business statistics, Narayangarh, Gyanjyoti publication.
Edited Book
Pradhan, B.L, & Acharya, K. P. (Eds.). (1014). Operation Management, Kathamandu, KEC Publication
Balkumari College. (2014). Balkumari College (Annual Report), Chitwan
Pradhan, B.,L. (2009), ‘The attitude, perception and readyness of students towards e-learning in Business school of india’ FDP Dissertation, Vikram Sarabhai Library, Indian Institute of Management.
Type Example and notes
Books Pradhan, B.L. (2008), Business statistics, Narayangarh, Gyanjyoti publication.
Articles Hart,C.,Shoolbred,M.,Brutcher, D. and Kane, D.(2004) ‘The bibliographic structure of fan information’ , Collection Building, 18 (2): 81-90
Thesis Pradhan, B. (2009), ‘The attitude, perception and readyness of students towards e-learning in Business school of india’ FDP thesis, Vikram Sarabhai Library, Indian Institute of Management.
Internet Article based on a Print source
Vanden Bos, G., ‘Role of reference elements in the selection of resources by psychology undergraduates’ (electronic version). Journal of Bibligraphic Research, 5: 117-23
Article in an electronic journal
Pradhan, B.L. ,‘The impact of Urban Lifestyle on Health of corporate executives’ (electronic version). International Pacific Business Review. Referred Quarterly Journal. ISSN No 0974-438x. http://www.pbr.co.in/vol2iss4/15-23.pdf (accessed 7 march,2014)
Document from private internet site
Pradhan, B. ‘Management strategy of Public Bank at Udaypur, India’, from http://bijaypradhan.webs.com/blog/mspbu.html (accessed 5th March, 2014)
A literature review is an overview of research on a given topic and answers to related research questions
Literature reviews are an important part of research and should be treated as such
A well-written literature review:
Organizes literature Evaluates literature Identifies patterns and trends in literature Synthesizes literature
Review isn’t logically organized
Review isn’t focused on most important facets of the study
Review doesn’t relate literature to the study
Too few references or outdated references cited
Review isn’t written in author’s own words
Review reads like a series of disjointed summaries
Recent references are omitted