bibliography research plan terrorism in the middle east: …irvinv/students/finalcampanyf15.pdf ·...

Mary Campany LIS 601/Irvin

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Bibliography Research Plan

Terrorism in the Middle East: What’s going on?

Mary Campany

December 16, 2015

LIS 601/ Fall 2015

Dr. Vanessa Irvin


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Table of Contents

Introduction …………………………………………………………………………………3

Audience ...………………………………………………………………………….3

Citation Style……………………………………….……………………………......3

Search Strategies………………………………………………………………………….…4

Search Terms………………………………………………………………………..4

Call Numbers (Dewey Decimal System and Library of Congress)…………4

Library of Congress Subject Headings……………………………………...4 Search Terms, Boolean expressions, and Natural Language……………......4

Search Process ………………………………………………………………………………5

OPACS………………………………………………………………………………5 Databases and Indexes………………………………………………………………6

Web Resources…………………………………………………………………… .11

Conclusion………………………………………………………………………………….13

Works Cited………………………………………………………………………………..15

Appendix I – Annotated Bibliography……………………………………………………..17

Appendix II – Search Terms Relevancy Chart…………………………………………….20


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Introduction

On November 13th, at nearly 9:30pm, the streets of Paris echoed with gunshots and screams. Gunmen were killing people at Parisian cafes, restaurants, and a concert. Over 130 people died, with many more injured (Steafel). In the aftermath, one can’t help but wonder: why? When ISIS, a Middle-Eastern terrorist group took credit for the massacre, many adults no doubt remember an equally horrifying act of terrorism, 9/11.

This bibliography plan is about terrorism, with the sub-topics “ISIS and the Paris Attacks” and “Al-Quaeda and 9/11”. These two sub-topic are major acts of terrorism, and thus go hand-in-hand with the main topic. They are also related to each other, since ISIS is a group that splintered off from Al-Quaeda (Laub).

Most of the databases explored in this bibliography plan are general and fact-based, rather than analytical. This allows for researchers to get an idea of what is going on in the world so that they can form their own opinions on this issue and the responses to it. Some databases that will be explored in this bibliography plan are Academic Search Complete,CQ Researcher, TOPICsearch, and U.S. History in Context. Useful references sources to look through before reading this bibliography plan would include the Encyclopedia Britannica: High school edition, or the Encyclopedia of Terrorism by Cindy Combs.

Audience

The intended audience for this bibliography plan is teenagers, especially those in high school or just starting college. I chose that particular demographic because my 14-year-old sister is getting increasingly concerned about what is happening in the world. This is a bibliography plan for teens like her who want to learn more about what ISIS is, how it started, why they are attacking people, and what this has to do with Al-Quaeda and 9/11. The library I chose is the Hawaii State Public Library System, because this is the one most accessible to teens besides their school library.

Citation Style For this bibliography plan I chose to cite in the style of the MLA Handbook for Writers of Research Papers, Seventh Edition (MLA).


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Search Strategy

Call Numbers:

Dewey Decimal System: 303.625 (Terrorism)

Library of Congress System: HV6430- 6433 (Terrorism)

Subject Headings

• TERROR ATTACKS • WAR ON TERRORISM, 2001- • SEPTEMBER 11 TERRORIST

ATTACKS, 2001 • TERRORISM • TERRORISM—

PREVENTION—COUNTERTERRORISM

• TERRORISM – MIDDLE EAST • TERRORISM—MIDDLE EAST-

- JUVENILE • QUAIDA (ORGANIZATION) • ISLAMIC STATE

(ORGANIZATION).

Search terms, keywords, alternate terms:

• Terroris*(m,t) • 9/11 • Middle East • Iraq War • Al-Quaeda • Islamic State (IS, ISI, ISIS, ISID,

ISIL, Daesh)

• Suicide Bomb*(er, ing) • Extremism • Terrorist Attack • Counter-terrorism • Syria • Islam • Paris Attacks

Boolean Expressions:

• Terrorism AND Middle East • ISIS AND Paris Attacks • Al-Quaeda AND September 11 Attack • ISLAMIC STATE (ORGANIZATION) AND TERRORISM AND Paris Attacks • TERRORISM AND Islamic state of Iraq and Syria AND Goals • (“Islamic State of Iraq and Syria” NOT “Al-quaeda”) AND TERRORISM • Terrorism N/7 "Al-Quaeda"

Natural Language • • What are ISIS’s goals? • Who orchestrated the Paris

attacks?

• How did ISIS get so powerful? • Terrorism in the middle east • How did ISIS form?


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The coding key used throughout this paper is that subject headings are entirely in capital letters, and natural language searches are in italics. Boolean operators like AND, OR, and NOT, will also be written entirely in capital letters.

Search Process:

OPAC

HSPLS OPAC:

In the Hawaii State Public Library System (HSPLS) Online Catalog I used natural language search terms in General Keyword searches and controlled vocabulary in Subject Browse searches. I chose this OPAC because it belongs to the local public library system, and therefore it’s the one that teenagers are most likely to use, besides their school library’s OPAC. I expected to find several non-fiction books for teens, but instead found that many of the books are almost ten years old and if the researcher wants any information at all on ISIS then they must head to the adult section. This may not be an issue for older teens, but understanding the content may prove to be difficult for those transitioning from middle school to high school.

While searching, it would be best to use general key terms narrowed down with Boolean expressions, rather than specific ones. Natural language searches with the names of specific terrorist organizations such as ISIS, Al-Quaeda, and Boko Haram, all led to either a few slightly related results or, in the case of ISIS, an overwhelming number of results that were completely unrelated to terrorism. One successful Boolean expression was Terrorism AND Middle East NOT fiction. The last term, NOT fiction, removed novels about fictional terrorist attacks.

In this case, controlled vocabulary worked far better to get specific results. The subject heading TERRORISM—MIDDLE EAST got 17 highly relevant results, while the subject heading TERRORISM—MIDDLE EAST—JUVENILE got 2 highly relevant results. While the latter search was highly relevant, it wasn’t as useful as the items in the first search because both items in that category were printed in the mid-2000’s, before ISIS rose to power. Items that aren’t cataloged as juvenile are more up-to-date, with several books that had been printed in 2014-2015. However, one book that is highly useful within the juvenile category is Arie Perliger’s Middle Eastern Terrorism, which gives the history of terrorism and unrest in the Middle East, providing insight on the region’s politics.

Perliger, Arie. Middle Eastern Terrorism. New York: Chelsea House, 2006. Print. Roots of

Terrorism. [303.62509 Pe]

WorldCat

I selected this source because it is an OPAC that allows one to view all the books in the world. While some of these items may not be available at the researcher’s library of choice, books and other materials can always be ordered through interlibrary loan. I expected to


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find a lot of items while searching, and while I found more items there than what was available through the Hawaii State Public Library System, I also got more unrelated results.

As I searched I confirmed my suspicion that here, just as in the HSPLS OPAC, it was easier to search with controlled vocabulary than natural language. For example, using keyword searches, such as Islamic State AND Terrorism, would often come up with several slightly related results, while the results of controlled vocabulary searches, such as TERRORISM – MIDDLE EAST, would result in fewer, more useful results. It’s especially useful to utilize the advanced search because it allows the researcher to put limiters based on audience, content, and format on their searches before searching.

A useful item found while searching this OPAC with the “Juvenile” and “Non-fiction” filters on was the book “I am Malala”, a biography of Malala Yousafzai. It’s a fairly famous book that I didn’t think was intended for juvenile audiences, so I was surprised to see it in the search results. This book would be useful to a teen researcher because it shows the life of someone who lived within a terrorist group’s area of influence, and would be a way for teens to see this issue in the context of their own lives.

Yousafzai, Malala, and Patricia McCormick. I Am Malala: How One Girl Stood up for

Education and Changed the World. New York: Little, 2014. Print.

Databases

Academic Search Complete

I chose this resource because it’s a well-known general database for scholarly material. The material within this database might be a bit much for a younger teen, but would work well for an older teen since it includes articles from more easily accessible periodicals like Time. I expected to find a variety of scholarly articles but found that a surprisingly large amount of non-academic periodicals were shown first, meaning that they were most relevant according to the database’s internal search function.

What I feel that researchers would find most convenient about this database is its auto-fill feature where, much like Google and Yahoo!, the search bar will come up with suggestions for possible searches based on what is being typed. This allows for more ideas for search terms, such as Al-Quaeda AND ISIS, rather than ISIS or Al-quaeda by themselves. Sadly, when searching with subject headings the function will suggest search terms that aren’t necessarily controlled subject headings, leading to searches that won’t bring up any results because the searcher is unintentionally using natural language search strings instead of controlled vocabulary. Finally, since it’s such a large database the amount of results that come up may be a bit overwhelming, but thankfully searches are easily customizable with the limiter options in the left column.

Crowley, Michael, Hania Mourtada, Massimo Calabresi, Jay Newton-small, Mark

Thompson, Karl Vick, and Aryn Baker. "Iraq's Eternal War. (Cover Story)." Time


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183.25 (2014): 28-34. Academic Search Complete. Web. 13 Dec. 2015.

Book Collection Non-fiction: High school edition

I chose this resource because when searching it goes through books intended for high schoolers by chapter. When a database can show results in this way it’s easier for the researcher to see specifically which book chapters are most relevant for their research, rather than flipping through a book’s index or table of contents. I expected it to have a lot of current material, it was actually easiest to find items on 9/11 than it was to find information on recent acts of terrorism and terrorist groups. This is not very surprising since 9/11 was one of the largest terror attacks in America, and this database seems to focus largely on materials produced in and for Americans.

The most useful search string I found was a Subject Browse search for SEPTEMBER 11 TERRORIST ATTACKS AND TERRORISM. It brought together a reasonable amount of highly relevant material, unlike searches for Al-Quaeda and Islamic State of Iraq and Syria, which gave results unrelated to terrorist acts done by those groups. While searching I found a useful book chapter called “The Rise of Terrorism”, which describes the history of international terrorism from the French Revolution to the 1980’s. The chapter after it describes “recent” history, from the 1980’s until the book’s publication.

Fuller, Charlie. "The Rise of Terrorism." International Terrorism. N.p.: Mason Crest, 2003.

9. Book Collection: Nonfiction: High School Edition. Web. 14 Dec. 2015.

CQ Researcher

I chose the CQ researcher because the abstract for it on the HSPLS database page reads that it “offers in-depth, non-biased coverage of political and social issues”. International terrorism is both a political and social issue, so this database seemed appropriate. Researchers may find the ability to browse by topic useful, especially since it has an “Issue Tracker” for related reports on the right sidebar once the searcher has found an article to read. Suggested topics would be “Defense and National Security”, with the subtopic “Terrorism and Counter-Terrorism” or “International Relations”, with the subtopic “War and Conflict”.

While some Boolean expressions and keyword searches started out as highly relevant, most petered out into showing results that were only somewhat relevant. For example, the search string Al-Quaeda OR ISIS AND Terrorism brought up highly relevant results, while the search string Terrorism AND Middle East, which worked well for bringing up highly relevant results in other databases, was categorized as having somewhat relevant results because halfway down the list of results the articles started becoming less and less relevant.

One useful article that was found in this database was “Assessing the Threat from Al Quaeda”. In this article the author describes the history and current state of Al-quaeda, the scope of their influence, and whether or not they are a threat to the west.

Mantel, Barbara. "Assessing the Threat from Al Qaeda." CQ Researcher 27 June 2014:


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553-76. Web. 14 Dec. 2015. Global Terrorism Database

This database is a non-traditional one. It doesn’t have articles on a topic, but rather is a searchable event database of 140,000 terrorist attacks from 1970 to 2014, and is updated yearly, most recently in June 2015. I selected this source because it shows detailed statistics on terrorist attacks by a wide range of organizations from around the world. Some things that they report on include the number of fatalities, target type, weapons used, date, and region. This sort of information could be useful to a researcher wanting to know about the scope of certain groups and how frequently they attack.

When using the basic search with the term Islamic State, 2166 results come up but not all are related to the Islamic State of Iraq and Levant (Syria). More effective searches can be made with the advanced search option, which allows one to narrow results by perpetrator group, weapon type, region, and even which definition of terrorism an act may fall under. This would become more useful as the researcher gets closer to deciding what aspects of terrorism they want to focus on.

JSTOR

I chose this source because it’s a well-known database that older teens, especially those in college, would have experience using. It’s a commonly used database in college, so it isn’t written at a level appropriate for younger teens, but could work well for older, more sophisticated teens. Though it contains current periodicals, I found that it’s not good for up-to-date information. While searching, the term “Islamic State of Iraq and Syria” brought up no results, while the term “Islamic State of Iraq” brought up 19 items. The second term stopped being used by the group in 2013 in favor of the former one.

Surprisingly, JSTOR did not have the option to search with Library of Congress subject headings. Thus, Boolean expressions were crucial. While the key term SEPTEMBER 11 Terrorist Attacks on its own got nearly 3,500,000 results, the search string SEPTEMBER 11 Terrorist Attacks AND Al-quaeda had a more manageable 5,416. The best Boolean expression I came across was "Islamic State of Iraq" AND terrorism.

A useful article from this database would be “Quick Read Synopsis: Terrorism”. While it is a bit dated, it gives an overview of the state of international relations in the form of bulleted lists, making it easy to read and digest.

“Quick Read Synopsis: Terrorism: What the Next President Will Face”. Annals of the

American Academy of Political and Social Science 618 (2008): 250–277. Web

MasterFile Complete

I chose this database because it’s often mentioned in conjunction with Academic Search Complete, a popular database that, as mentioned above, is vast and has mix of academic and non-academic periodicals. What surprised me is how much material was available. Almost every search I did showed mostly highly relevant material. All I had to do was


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shrink the list down to something more manageable and specific. I ended up using the search string ISLAMIC STATE (ORGANIZATION) AND TERRORISM AND Paris Attacks, in order to get information about ISIS’s attack on Paris, and still got a staggering 109 results. This is amazing, and is reflective of how this database is updated daily. Another effective Boolean expression that got under 200 results was TERRORISM AND Islamic state of Iraq and Syria AND Goals. It’s important to use Boolean expressions in this case, as natural language strings like “Islamic State of Iraq and Syria” get results in the 10,000s.

A fun article that can be found in this database is from Junior Scholastic, so it may be aimed a bit young for most of my audience, but would work well for early teens. It describes what ISIS is, what they want, and how they attract young people in the West – presumably young people like the readers of Junior Scholastic. It’s a short, 5-point list that would keep the attention of easily-distracted readers.

Brown, Bryan. "5 Things to Know About ISIS." Junior Scholastic 117.12 (2015): 8.

MasterFILE Complete. Web. 15 Dec. 2015.

Military and Government Collection

I chose this database because international terrorism is an issue dealt with mainly by the government and the military. While I expected a lot of government documents, what I found were articles from periodicals, mostly Time. This surprised me, as many of the results that were shown were familiar ones from other EBSCO databases like Academic Search Premier and Masterfile Complete. A search string that worked really well to narrow results was Paris Attacks AND ISIS Terrorist Group. The controlled vocabulary Boolean expression TERRORISM AND ISLAMIC STATE (ORGANIZATION) was also effective for getting a small group of highly relevant sources. In this database I also tried natural language strings in the form of questions like “who orchestrated the Paris attacks?” and “What are ISIS's goals?”. The second question was far more effective than the first, which brought up many unrelated results.

A useful article was “Beating ISIS”, an article from Time. It discusses ISIS’s growing influence and what governments around the world, but especially the United States, say they are going to do about the terrorist group.

Von Drehle, David, Jared Malsin, Jay Newton-Small, Naina Bajekal, Vivienne Walt,

Massimo Calabresi, and Mark Thompson. "Beating ISIS. (cover Story)." Time

186.22 (2015): 48-57. Military & Government Collection. Web. 15 Dec. 2015.

Newspaper Source Plus

I expected and found many recent newspaper articles from this database. I found that the more recent a topic was, the easier it was to find relevant articles on it. For example, the search string ISLAMIC STATE (ORGANIZATION) AND TERRORISM AND Paris


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Attacks brought up 67 highly relevant results, but the search string QUAIDA (ORGANIZATION) AND TERRORISM AND 9/11 attacks brought up 89 results, many of which were unrelated to the attacks themselves. The natural language string Paris Attacks AND “Islamic State of Iraq and Syria” was also effective for finding more sources explaining what happened during the attacks and what sorts of measures are being taken against ISIS by France and other world powers.

An interesting article I found was from the India - West. In it the author described how the attack in Paris was similar to those in Mumbai in 2008. This article is useful in that it reminds researchers that Middle Eastern terrorism doesn’t only go to the West, but also to India and other countries in the East.

"Experts Say Paris Bloodbath Mirrored 26/11 Mumbai Attacks." India -- West 41.1 (2015):

A37. Newspaper Source Plus. Web. 15 Dec. 2015.

TOPICsearch

The abstract for this database says that it is meant for searchers who want to explore current topics discussed in classrooms. This makes it sound like it’s a database intended for young people, and based on the reading level of the materials that came up I would say that it’s intended mostly for high-schoolers. It’s not a very large database, so search strings were effective in other databases, like the subject heading search TERRORISM AND MIDDLE EAST or the natural language search "Islamic state of Iraq and Syria" AND Paris Attacks had smaller pools than expected, though of highly relevant results. Question-based natural language strings like What are ISIS's goals? also worked surprisingly well in this database.

One useful item that I found was John Jenkin’s “The Islamist Zero Hour”, which explained the origins of the Islamic State and possible ways for other countries to counter the militant group.

Jenkins, John. "The Islamist Zero Hour. (cover Story)." New Statesman 144.5277 (2015):

26. TOPICsearch. Web. 15 Dec. 2015.

US History in Context

I expected that this database would have journal articles on U.S. history. What I didn’t expect is that each result that comes up while searching has an icon indicating the difficulty level of the item! Based on the Lexile levels one can sort by in the “Advanced Search”, this resource is intended for any grade level, but the resources labelled “Intermediate” would be best for teenagers. When doing the advanced search the searcher should also remember to uncheck the automatically-checked “Full Text Documents” and “Peer-Reviewed Journals” boxes, otherwise searches will become incredibly limited. When searching with the key terms Terrorism AND Middle East with those two boxes checked, one only gets 20 results, all from the same category of media, while unchecking them gets a whopping 1,477 results from a variety of media categories!


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Since search results are divided into so many categories, searching may be a bit daunting. The sheer variety of available material makes this database incredibly useful, though hard to parse through unless one has a preferred format in mind. The search string September 11 Terrorist Attacks [Limiter: Intermediate] was useful for finding primary sources, like a transcript of a flight attendant named Betty Ong calling for help when the plane she was on got hijacked. Primary materials are an important part of doing research, since they were created by people directly related to historical incidents. This particular one is important to this topic because it’s from one of the major acts of terrorism that brought this international issue to the forefront of people’s minds.

Ong, Betty. "Transcript of Flight Attendant Betty Ong." Terrorism: Essential Primary

Sources. Ed. K. Lee Lerner and Brenda Wilmoth Lerner. Detroit: Gale, 2006. 280-

284. U.S. History in Context. Web. 15 Dec. 2015.

World History in Context

I expected a lot from this database, since it’s a world history version of the U.S. History In Context database. After adjusting the settings so that they were similar to the parameters I had in U.S. History in Context, it was easy to find articles on terrorism, ISIS, and the Paris Attacks. However, much like the previous database I had a hard time narrowing things down, as a lot of it depends on the researcher’s specific interests and preferred format type.

The search string Terrorism AND Middle East was useful, giving lots of results on terrorism in general. The search string (Islamic State of Iraq and Syria OR ISIS) AND Paris Attacks, on the other hand, was not so useful. While it had many results related to the attacks, some of them were opinion pieces, not informational materials. Adjusting the limiters so that magazines and general websites couldn’t be shown made the search far more effective, though for whatever reason it brought up more results.

A useful item found while searching was from the National Public Radio. It’s a piece that is short and to-the-point, with the interviewer asking what ISIS is and what their goals are, and with the correspondent responding clearly and accurately.

"What The Paris Attacks Mean For The Fight Against ISIS." Weekend All Things

Considered – NPR. 14 Nov. 2015. Web. 15 Dec. 2015.

Web Resources:

BBC News

I chose this source because it’s a respected source for news throughout the world. Most teenagers have heard of it, and it seemed like a good choice for news about recent terrorist attacks. The website’s search function was hard to manage at first; there are no advanced search options, and the results come up in a seemingly random order. According to the “Help” section, results are sorted by how many times the search terms come up within the article and by how recent the article is. However, the results screen doesn’t give the number


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of results that come up when using the search strings ISIS Paris Attacks or Al-Quaeda 9/11, though the results that come up are incredibly relevant. I also appreciate how some articles are labeled “Editor’s Choice”, so that one can have a recommendation of where to start.

A useful article from this website was one published a couple of days after the attacks. The article describes the French government’s reaction to ISIS’s attack, and the details of the attack itself for anyone who had missed previous news updates.

"Paris Attacks: 'France Will Destroy IS' - Hollande - BBC News." BBC News. The British

Broadcasting Corporation, 16 Nov. 2015. Web. 16 Dec. 2015.

Federal Bureau of Investigation

I chose this resource because they have a page devoted to terrorism. On it are a list of the FBI’s most wanted terrorists, resources on prevention and precautions, and major incidents, along with many other things. Their advanced search is very basic, and it’s difficult to search for information-based results when many of the search results are of people added to the FBI watch lists. However, I found that using search strings that include the term Counter-terrorism, such as Counter-terrorism AND ISIS or Counter-terrorism AND Al-Quaeda, brought the list of results to a more manageable level, and caused the most relevant items to be sorted to the top of the list. I was also surprised to find that searching for Al-Quaeda without any other search terms only brings up 3 results

One useful article that I found was called “The Evolution of Terrorism since 9/11”, which describes changes in what sorts of terrorism is most seen in the U.S., and how the FBI is adapting to those changes. An interesting phenomenon written about within this article is the growth of “Home-grown violent extremists”, which suggests that rather than focusing on international terror organizations, the FBI is investigating domestic terrorists because the amount of them has been steadily growing larger since 2001.

O'Brien, Lauren B. "The Evolution of Terrorism since 9/11." FBI. U.S. Department of

Justice, 14 June 2013. Web. 16 Dec. 2015.


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Conclusion

Preparing this bibliography plan made me realize how difficult it is to select items for a teen audience. Finding materials written at a teenage level was challenging, even when I sorted HSPLS’s catalog of databases to show only databases for high schoolers. The range in what is considered the teenage years and the range of academic skill level within that was another stumbling block in choosing materials that would be appropriate. By the end of the search process the materials I collected were intended for students anywhere between early high school and students who had recently started college, simply because some college students are 19 and therefore still, technically, “teens”.

While doing this project I learned more about some of the differences between natural language and controlled vocabulary. A controlled vocabulary is defined as “an organized arrangement of words and phrases used to index content and/or to retrieve content through browsing or searching” (Harpring). These can be any sorts of words so long as they are agreed upon by those cataloging or indexing the material so that catalogs and database entries are consistent. In this bibliography plan I chose most of the controlled vocabulary from the Library of Congress Subject Headings list. The main difference I found between searching with natural language and searching with controlled vocabulary was that controlled vocabulary often brought up a small number of specific results, while natural language brought up a much larger number. While controlled vocabulary like ISLAMIC STATE (ORGANIZATION) made it clear that I was looking for information on the Islamic State of Iraq and Syria, the natural language term “ISIS” brought up not only information about the terrorist group but also information on the Egyptian goddess, and people who are metaphorically referred to as “The Isis of [blank]”.

I feel that natural language expressions are best used at the beginning of a search, as the researcher is still trying to narrow down their topic. Controlled vocabulary and complex Boolean expressions are best used once the topic has already been decided and the researcher is looking for materials on a specific topic or to answer a specific question. However, I also feel that mixing controlled vocabulary and natural language terms was useful in databases that allowed for it, like one of EBSCO’s. It’s especially useful when searching for information regarding events too recent to have a controlled vocabulary term yet.

It would also be amazing if databases worked on their searching hardware to better handle natural language searches, as mentioned by Peter Jacso in his article “Natural Language Searching”. He writes that it would be naïve to expect users to always look up the controlled vocabulary for their search (79), and I fully agree, especially in this case. Most teenage and even adult users don’t have the patience to find the most accurate search term while looking for library materials, and it would be in the library community’s best interest to improve databases’ ability to handle natural language searches.


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I also learned that I need to practice creating more complex Boolean expressions. Often I would start by entering keywords and simple Boolean expressions, only to stop, wonder where I could put a NOT, scroll through the results and try to think of which of those results I wanted to exclude. Often I couldn’t think of exact things I wanted to exclude. Proximity searches also eluded me, as I was never sure how many words could be between my search terms while still being efficient.

There are so many possibilities for further research that I feel it’s a bit of a missed opportunity that I couldn’t put more into this plan. I could have talked about the differences between international and domestic terrorism, or looked further into what the FBI means by “Home-grown violent extremists”. Looking into what is causing the spate of mass shootings could also be another step, since that’s a part of domestic terrorism.

Doing this project helped me to improve my professional skills, especially in regard to searching for and selecting materials for a specific population. Thankfully, since this is such a recent and large topic, finding highly relevant sources was easy, it’s just narrowing them down that was difficult.


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Works Cited

Academic Search Complete. EBSCO Industries, Inc., 2015. 12 Dec. 2015.

Book Collection Non-fiction: High School edition. EBSCO Industries, Inc., 2015. 12 Dec.

2015.

Brown, Bryan. "5 Things to Know About ISIS." Junior Scholastic 117.12 (2015): 8.


Combs, Cindy C., and Martin W. Slann. Encyclopedia of Terrorism. New York: Facts On

File, 2007. Print. [363.32503 Co]

CQ Researcher. SAGE Publications, 2015. 10 Dec. 2015.

Crowley, Michael, Hania Montana, Massimo Calabresi, Jay Newton-small, Mark

Thompson, Karl Vick, and Aryn Baker. "Iraq's Eternal War. (Cover Story)." Time

183.25 (2014): 28-34. Academic Search Complete. Web. 13 Dec. 2015.

DE CHARENTENAY, Pierre. "The Lessons of Paris." America 213.18 (2015): 24.


Egendorf, Laura K. Terrorism: Opposing Viewpoints. San Diego, CA: Greenhaven:

Thomson/Gale, 2004. Print. [303.625 Te]

"Experts Say Paris Bloodbath Mirrored 26/11 Mumbai Attacks." India -- West 41.1 (2015):

A37. Newspaper Source Plus. Web. 15 Dec. 2015.

Fuller, Charlie. "The Rise of Terrorism." International Terrorism. N.p.: Mason Crest, 2003.

9. Book Collection: Nonfiction: High School Edition. Web. 14 Dec. 2015.

Global Terrorism Database. University Of Maryland, June 2015. 11 Dec. 2015

Harpring, P. ‘What are controlled vocabularies?” Introduction to Controlled Vocabularies: Terminology for Art, Architecture, and Other Cultural Works, Online Edition. (pp. 2.1-2.3.10). 2010. Los Angeles, CA: Getty Publications. Hawaii State Public Library. “Horizon Information Portal.” Hawaii State Public Library

System.

Jacsó, Peter. “Natural language searching.” Online Information Review 2004. 28(1), 75-79. Jenkins, John. "The Islamist Zero Hour. (cover Story)." New Statesman 144.5277 (2015):


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26. TOPICsearch. Web. 15 Dec. 2015.

Jenkins, John Philip. "Terrorism." Britannica School High. Encyclopedia Britannica, 2015.

Web. 16 Dec. 2015.

JSTOR. ITHAKA, 2015. 13 Dec. 2015.

Laub, Zachary, and Jonathan Masters. "The Islamic State." Council on Foreign Relations.

Council on Foreign Relations, 16 Nov. 2015. Web. 16 Dec. 2015.

Library of Congress. Library of Congress Subject Headings, 30th Ed. Washington,

D.C.:Library of Congress, 2007 [Z697. Z8 L52535a]

Mannes, Aaron. Profiles in Terror: The Guide to Middle East Terrorist Organizations.

Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield, 2004. Print. [303.625 Ma]

Mantel, Barbara. "Assessing the Threat from Al Qaeda." CQ Researcher 27 June 2014: 553-76. Web. 14 Dec. 2015.

Masterfile Complete. EBSCO Industries, Inc., 2015. 12 Dec. 2015.

McDermott, Terry. Perfect Soldiers: The Hijackers: Who They Were, Why They Did It.

New York: HarperCollins, 2005. Print. [303.62509 Mc]

Newspaper Source Plus. EBSCO Industries, Inc., 2015. 12 Dec. 2015

O'Brien, Lauren B. "The Evolution of Terrorism Since 9/11." FBI. U.S. Department of

Justice, 14 June 2013. Web. 16 Dec. 2015.

Ong, Betty. "Transcript of Flight Attendant Betty Ong." Terrorism: Essential Primary

Sources. Ed. K. Lee Lerner and Brenda Wilmoth Lerner. Detroit: Gale, 2006. 280-

284. U.S. History in Context. Web. 15 Dec. 2015.

"Paris Attacks: 'France Will Destroy IS' - Hollande - BBC News." BBC News. The British

Broadcasting Corporation, 16 Nov. 2015. Web. 16 Dec. 2015.



“Quick Read Synopsis: Terrorism: What the Next President Will Face”. Annals of the

American Academy of Political and Social Science 618 (2008): 250–277. Web

Silhouette with gun. Digital image. Understanding Terrorism. Euphrates Institute, 30 Mar.


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2015. Web.

Steafel, Eleanor. "Paris Terror Attack: Everything We Know on Saturday Afternoon." The

Telegraph. Telegraph Media Group, 21 Nov. 2015. Web. 16 Dec. 2015.

Stern, Jessica. Terror in the Name of God: Why Religious Militants Kill. New York: Ecco,

2003. Print. [303.625 St]

TOPICsearch. EBSCO Industries, Inc., 2015. 12 Dec. 2015.

"United Nations Action to Counter Terrorism, Counter-terrorism, Global Counter-terrorism

Strategy, General Assembly and Counter-terrorism, Secretary-general and Counter

Terrorism, SG, UN, SC, Terrorism, GA, General Assembly." UN News

Center. UN, n.d. Web. 16 Dec. 2015.

U.S. History in Context. Gale, Cengage Learning, 2015. Web. 13 December 2015

Von Drehle, David, Jared Malsin, Jay Newton-Small, Naina Bajekal, Vivienne Walt,

Massimo Calabresi, and Mark Thompson. "Beating ISIS. (cover Story)." Time

186.22 (2015): 48-57. Military & Government Collection. Web. 15 Dec. 2015.

"What The Paris Attacks Mean For The Fight Against ISIS." Weekend All Things

Considered – NPR. 14 Nov. 2015. Web. 15 Dec. 2015.

Wood, Graeme. "What ISIS Really Wants." The Atlantic. Atlantic Media Company, 15

Feb. 2015. Web. 16 Dec. 2015.

WorldCat. Online Computer Library Center, Inc., 2015. Web. 12 December. 2015

World History in Context. Gale, Cengage Learning, 2015. Web. 13 December 2015

Yousafzai, Malala, and Patricia McCormick. I Am Malala: How One Girl Stood up for

Education and Changed the World. New York: Little, 2014. Print.

Appendix I – Annotated Bibliography


18

Main Topic: Terrorism

Egendorf, Laura K. Terrorism: Opposing Viewpoints. San Diego, CA: Greenhaven:

Thomson/Gale, 2004. Print. [303.625 Te]

This volume from the Opposing Viewpoints series contains a series of essays on terrorism. Each essay is titled with a statement such as “Islam encourages terrorism” or “The United Nations should lead the fight against terrorism”, and is paired with an article with a title opposing the first. It’s an introduction to the topic and seems to be intended to help the reader see different sides of arguments than they normally would.

Jenkins, John Philip. "Terrorism." Britannica School High. Encyclopedia Britannica, 2015.

Web. 16 Dec. 2015.

This is an encyclopedia article intended for high schoolers. It’s a good start for a basic understanding of what terrorism is, without worrying about the differences in nuance between different groups. It’s also useful how the reader can toggle the difficulty level of the article so that they can read the article written at a difficulty level that is appropriate for them. The article is divided into four parts: Introduction, Definitions of Terrorism, Types of Terrorism, and History.



This book is part of a series on terrorism, and gives an easy-to-read history of conflicts in the Middle East that gave rise to the current political situation. While it is a bit old, it gives background on why and how the troubles in the Middle East developed. The reader will have to consult other materials to get completely up to speed in 2015.

Stern, Jessica. Terror in the Name of God: Why Religious Militants Kill. New York: Ecco,

2003. Print. [303.625 St]

This book explains how terrorist groups are formed and how they get members. While it doesn’t focus on the Middle East, looking at religious terrorist groups from other parts of the world helps to understand how terrorism in general works. As it was printed in 2003, it doesn’t include any information on how ISIS is using the internet to gain new members from all over the world, though their use of the internet is discussed in chapter 7.

"United Nations Action to Counter Terrorism, Counter-terrorism, Global Counter-terrorism

Strategy, General Assembly and Counter-terrorism, Secretary-general and Counter

Terrorism, SG, UN, SC, Terrorism, GA, General Assembly." UN News

Center. UN, n.d. Web. 16 Dec. 2015.


19

This website belongs to the United Nations, and outlines the UN’s strategy for countering terrorism. It explains the roles of the different committees and councils that are meant to defend against it. It also shows the legislation and effects that those groups have made. By far the most attention-grabbing thing on the website is its tracker of terrorist acts committed around the globe. This tracker shows that many of the attacks committed by terrorist groups aren’t covered by the media to the extent that 9/11 and the Paris attacks were.

Subtopic 1: ISIS and the Paris Attacks

DE CHARENTENAY, Pierre. "The Lessons of Paris." America 213.18 (2015): 24.


This is a short article on the attacks in Paris describing what ISIS is, how it came about, and a demand for European countries to share information so that someone who is a known suspect in one country isn’t an unknown individual the moment they cross a border. While it is published by and contains ads from catholic organizations, this doesn’t seem to affect the objectivity of the piece.

Wood, Graeme. "What ISIS Really Wants." The Atlantic. Atlantic Media Company, 15

Feb. 2015. Web. 16 Dec. 2015.

This is an article that describes the differences between ISIS and Al-Quaeda, explaining why ISIS split off from them. Graeme Wood also describes the nature of ISIS and its goals, focusing largely on how they view and practice Islam. It’s a bit long, especially for those with short attention spans, but is divided into sections that make it easy to keep track of where one is so that the reader can stop reading and easily pick it back up again.

Sub-topic 2: Al-Quaeda and 9/11

McDermott, Terry. Perfect Soldiers: The Hijackers: Who They Were, Why They Did It.

New York: HarperCollins, 2005. Print. [303.62509 Mc]

In this book the author researched who the 9/11 hijackers were, and includes interviews with people who knew them. It’s written almost narratively, focusing largely on recreating the memories of the people interviewed, and is therefore easy and fun to read, with a structure that is easy to follow.

Mannes, Aaron. Profiles in Terror: The Guide to Middle East Terrorist Organizations.

Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield, 2004. Print. [303.625 Ma]

This book has profiles of terrorist organizations, describing their history, ideology, leadership, and financial support. It’s a comprehensive look at Al-Quaeda’s structure and history, though the alphabetical organization is more of a hindrance than a help: Al-Quaeda’s Algerian affiliates are listed before the main organization.


20

Appendix II: Search Relevancy Chart

HSPLS OPAC (all results sorted by publication date: descending order)

Search Terms Results Relevancy

ISIS 180 NR ISIS NOT Goddess 123 NR (ISIS OR Daesh OR ISIL OR Islamic State) NOT Goddess 93 U Terrorism AND Middle East 129 U Terrorism AND Middle East NOT fiction 83 HR Terrorism AND Middle East NOT fiction [Limiter: Collection: Y-Nonfiction]

10 HR

Terrorism AND Middle East NOT fiction[Limiter: J-New Book, Nonfiction (x), Coll: J-Nonfiction (x), Coll: OHS J-Nonfiction (x), Coll: Y-Nonfiction]

15 HR

TERRORISM – MIDDLE EAST 17 HR TERRORISM – MIDDLE EAST --JUVENILE 2 HR Terrorism N/5 "Al-Quaeda" 0

WorldCat

Search Terms Results Relevance Limiter: Non-fiction, Juvenile, Islamic State AND Terrorism 22 U Limiter: Non-fiction, Juvenile, Al-quaeda AND Terrorism 0 Limiter: Non-fiction, Juvenile, quaeda AND Terrorism 0 Limiter: Non-fiction, Juvenile, TERRORISM AND MIDDLE EAST

14 HR

Limiter: Non-fiction, Juvenile, TERRORISM – MIDDLE EAST –JUVENILE

6 U

quaeda AND Terrorism 67 U Al-quaeda AND Terrorism 66 U ISIS AND Terrorism 2,323 HR TERRORISM AND MIDDLE EAST 3,977 HR TERRORISM – MIDDLE EAST –JUVENILE 16 U Limiter: Non-fiction, Juvenile, Terrorism N/3 "Al-Quaeda" 0 Terrorism N/3 "Al-Quaeda" 20 HR Terrorism N/5 "Al-Quaeda" 12 U Terrorism N/7 "Al-Quaeda" 13 U


21

Academic Search Complete

Search Term Result Relevance All Text Islamic State of Iraq and Syria 18,482 HR All Text "al qaeda" 47,004 HR All Text "al qaeda" AND 9/11 15,023 U All Text "al qaeda" AND ISIS 1,473 HR Subject TERRORISM AND MIDDLE EAST 621 U Subject ISLAMIC STATE (ORGANIZATION) 29 HR

Book Collection Non-fiction: High School Edition

Search Terms Results Relevancy Subject TERRORISM AND MIDDLE EAST 6 U Keyword Terrorism 810 HR Keyword Islamic state of Iraq and Syria 226 NR Keyword Al-quaeda 2 NR Keyword Al-quaeda AND ISIS 0 Subject SEPTEMBER 11 TERRORIST ATTACKS, 2001 112 U Subject SEPTEMBER 11 TERRORIST ATTACKS, 2001 AND TERRORISM

65 HR

CQ Researcher

Search Terms Results Relevancy (Keyword) Terrorism AND Middle East 258 U (Keyword) Islamic State 181 U (Keyword) Al-Quaeda 1 U (Keyword) Quaida 1 U (Keyword) September 11 Terrorist Attacks 301 U (Keyword) Al-Quaeda AND ISIS 1 U (Keyword) Terrorist attacks AND Middle East 216 HR (Keyword) Al-Quaeda OR ISIS 32 U (Keyword) Al-Quaeda OR ISIS AND Terrorism 28 HR (Topic Browse) Defense and National SecNRity, Terrorism and Counter-Terrorism

50 U

(Topic Browse) International Relations, War and Conflict 15 HR (Topic Browse) War and Conflict, Iraq War 5 HR (Topic Browse) War and Conflict, Middle East Conflicts 23 U


22

Global Terrorism Database

Search Terms Results Relevancy Islamic State 2166 U Islamic State of Iraq (ISI) 416 U Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL) 1636 HR Al-Qaìda; Al-Qaìda in Iraq 716 HR Islamic State of Iraq (ISI) AND Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL) AND Al-Qaìda

1862 HR

JSTOR

Search Terms Results Relevancy Terrorism AND Middle East 36,364 NR Terrorism AND Al-Quaeda 51 U Terrorism AND (Al-Quaeda OR ISIS) 437 U SEPTEMBER 11 Terrorist Attacks 3,469,232 NR SEPTEMBER 11 Terrorist Attacks AND Terrorism 46,913 U Islamic state of Iraq and Syria 25,824 NR "Islamic state of Iraq and Syria" 0 "Islamic state of Iraq" 19 HR SEPTEMBER 11 Terrorist Attacks AND Al-quaeda 5,416 HR Terrorism AND (Al-quaeda OR Islamic State of Iraq) 60,059 HR "Islamic State of Iraq" AND terrorism 12 HR Terrorism N/5 "Islamic State of Iraq" 0 Terroris* N/5 "Al-Quaeda" 205,429 U Terroris* N/3 "Al-Quaeda" 252,575 NR Terroris* N/7 "Al-Quaeda" 175,142 NR

MasterFile Complete (sorted by relevance)

Search Terms Results Relevancy Terrorism AND Middle East 33,712 HR “Islamic State of Iraq and Syria” 16,748 HR “Al-quaeda” AND Islamic State of Iraq and Syria 63,780 HR “Al-quaeda” AND “Islamic State of Iraq and Syria” 52,252 HR “Al-quaeda” NOT “Islamic State of Iraq and Syria” 50,294 U “Islamic State of Iraq and Syria” NOT “Al-quaeda” 1,958 HR “Islamic State of Iraq and Syria” NOT “Al-quaeda” AND Terrorism

536 HR

(Subject) ISLAMIC STATE (ORGANIZATION) AND TERRORISM

717 U


23

(Subject) QUAIDA (ORGANIZATION) AND TERRORISM 2,120 U (Subject) TERRORISM AND MIDDLE EAST 611 HR (Subject) ISLAMIC STATE (ORGANIZATION) AND TERRORISM AND (keyword) Paris Attacks

109 HR

(Subject) TERRORISM AND (keyword) Islamic state of Iraq and Syria AND objectives

7 U

(Subject) TERRORISM AND (keyword) Islamic state of Iraq and Syria AND goals

26 HR

Military and Government Collection

Search Terms Results Relevancy Keyword Terrorism AND Middle East 16,395 U who orchestrated the Paris attacks? 286 NR what are ISIS's goals? 35 U Keyword Paris Attacks AND ISIS Terrorist Group 35 HR (Subject) ISLAMIC STATE (ORGANIZATION) AND TERRORISM

149 HR

(Subject) TERRORISM AND MIDDLE EAST 258 U (Subject) TERRORISM AND (keyword) Paris Attacks 552 U (Subject) TERRORISM AND (keyword) Paris Attacks AND Islamic state of Iraq and Syria

90 U

Newspaper Source Plus

Search Terms Results Relevancy Terrorism in the middle east 85,765 U “Terrorism in the middle east” 1,272 U “Terrorism in the middle east” AND "Islamic state of Iraq and Syria"

5 U

“Terrorism in the Middle East” AND "Al-Quaeda" 0 "Islamic state of Iraq and Syria" AND objectives 184 U "Islamic state of Iraq and Syria" AND goals 547 HR Paris Attacks 137,872 U Paris Attacks AND “Islamic State of Iraq and Syria” 204 HR ISLAMIC STATE (ORGANIZATION) AND TERRORISM 476 U ISLAMIC STATE (ORGANIZATION) AND TERRORISM AND Paris Attacks

67 HR

TERRORISM AND MIDDLE EAST 146 HR QUAIDA (ORGANIZATION) AND TERRORISM AND 9/11 attacks

89 UR


24

TOPICsearch

Search Terms Results Relevancy Terrorism in the Middle East 3,036 U Islamic state of Iraq and Syria, ISIS 779 U Al-Quaeda 5 U " Islamic state of Iraq and Syria " AND Paris Attacks 9 HR TERRORISM AND MIDDLE EAST 110 HR What are ISIS's goals? 12 U How did ISIS form? 124 HR What is ISIS? 826 HR

U.S. History in Context

Search Terms Results Relevancy [Full Text and Peer-Reviewed boxes checked] Terrorism AND Middle East

20 U

[Boxes Unchecked] Terrorism AND Middle East 1,477 HR [Boxes Checked] Al-Quaeda 0 [Boxes Unchecked] Al-Quaeda 1 NR [Boxes Unchecked] SEPTEMBER 11 Terrorist Attacks 560 U [Boxes Unchecked, Limiter: Intermediate] SEPTEMBER 11 Terrorist Attacks AND Counter-Terrorism

5 U

[Boxes Unchecked, Limiter: Intermediate] SEPTEMBER 11 Terrorist Attacks

408 HR

World History in Context

Search Terms Results Relevancy Terrorism AND Middle East 3219 U (Islamic State of Iraq and Syria OR ISIS) AND Paris Attacks 204 NR [limiter: No Magazines, Websites] (Islamic State of Iraq and Syria OR ISIS) AND Paris Attacks

237 HR

BBC News

Search Terms Results Relevancy ISIS Paris Attacks Not

Given HR

September 11 Al-Quaeda HR Terrorism U


25

Federal Bureau of Investigation

Search Terms Results Relevancy ISIS 142 U Al-Quaeda 3 NR Counter-terrorism AND ISIS 53 HR Counter-terrorism AND Al-Quaeda 322 HR