Bibliography

Adam, B. (1990) Time and Social Theory, Cambridge: Polity.

Adkins, L. (1995) Gendered Work: Sexuality, Family and the Labour Market, Milton Keynes: Open University Press.

Aglietta, M. (1979) A Theory of Capitalist Regulation, London: New Left. Allen, J. and Henry, N. (1996) 'Fragments of industry and employment', in R. Crompton,

D. Gallie and K. Purcell (eds) Changing Forms of Employment, London: Routledge, pp.65-82.

Allen, S. and Macey, M. (1990) 'Race and ethnicity in the European context', British Journal of Sociology, 41 (3): 375-93.

Anthias, F. (1992) 'Connecting "race" and ethnic phenomena', Sociology, 26 (3): 421-38. Anthias, F. and Yuval-Davis, N. (1992) Racialized Boundaries, London: Routledge. Anthony, P. D. (1977) The Ideology of Work, London: Tavistock. Applebaum, H. A. (1981) Royal Blue: The Culture of Construction Workers, New York:

Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Arber, S. and Ginn, J. (1995) 'Gender differences in the relationship between paid

employment and informal care', Work, Employment and Society, 9 (3): 445-71. Armstrong, P. (1988) 'Labour and monopoly capital', in R. Hyman and W. Streeck (eds) New Technology and Industrial Relations, Oxford: Blackwell, pp. 143-59. Armstrong, P. (1989) 'Management, labour process and agency', Work, Employment and

Society, 3 (3): 307-22. Armstrong, P. (1995) 'Accountancy and HRM', in 1. Storey (ed.) HRM: A Critical Text,

London: Routledge, pp. 142-63. Ashforth, B. and Humphrey, R. (1993) 'Emotional labour in service roles: the influence

of identity', Academy of Management Review, 18 (1): 88-115. Ashforth, B. and Humphrey, R. (1995) 'Emotion in the work place: a reappraisal', Human

Relations, 48 (2): 97-125. Atkinson, 1. (1984) 'Manpower strategies for flexible organisation', Personnel

Management, August: 28-31. Attewell, P. (1990) 'What is skill?', Work and Occupations, 17 (4): 422-48. Bacchi, C. (1990) Same Difference: Feminism and Sexual Difference, Sydney:

Allen and Unwin. Batstone, E. and Gourlay, I. (1986) Unions, Unemployment and Innovation, Oxford:

Blackwell. Batstone, E., Gourlay, S., Levie, H. and Moore, R. (1987) New Technology and

the Process of Labour Regulation, Oxford: Clarendon. Becker, G. (1964) Human Capital, New York: National Bureau of Economic

Research.

210

Bibliography

Becker, H. (1963) Outsiders: Studies in the Sociology of Deviance, New York: Free Press.

Beechey, V. (1982) 'The sexual division of labour and the labour process: a critical assessment of Braverman', in S. Wood (ed.) The Degradation

of Work?, London: Hutchinson, pp. 54-73. Bell, D. (1973) The Coming of Post-Industrial Society, New York: Basic. Bell, D. (1974) The Cultural Contradictions of Capitalism, London: Heinemann. Best, S. and Kellner, D. (1991) Postmodern Theory: Critical Interrogations,

London: Macmillan. Beynon, H. (1973) Working for Ford, Harmondsworth: Penguin. Blauner, R. (1964) Alienation and Freedom, Chicago: University of Chicago Press. Blyton, P. (1985) Changes in Working Time: An International Review, London:

Croom Helm. Blyton, P. (1992) The search for workforce flexibility', in B. Towers (ed.)

Handbook of Human Resource Management, Oxford: Blackwell, pp.295-318.

Blyton, P. (1994) 'Working hours', in K. Sisson (ed.) Personnel Management,

2nd edn, Oxford: Blackwell, pp. 495-526. Blyton, P. (1995) The Development of Annual Working Hours in the United

Kingdom, Geneva: International Labour Organization.

211

Blyton, P. and Trinczek, R. (1995) 'Working time flexibility and annual hours', European

Industrial Relations Review, no. 260, September: 13-14. Blyton, P. and Turnbull, P. (eds) (1992) Reassessing Human Resource

Management, London: Sage. Blyton, P. and Turnbull, P. (1994) The Dynamics of Employee Relations, Basingstoke:

Macmillan. Blyton, P. and Turnbull, P. (1996) 'Confusing convergence: industrial relations in

the European airline industry', European Journal of Industrial Relations, 2 (1): 7-20.

Blyton, P., Bacon, N. and Morris, J. (1996) 'Working in steel: steelworkers' attitudes to change 40 years on', Industrial Relations Journal, 27(2): 155-65.

Boland, R. J. and Hoffman, R. (1983) 'Humor in a machine shop', in L. Pondy, P. Frost, G. Morgan and T. Dandridge (eds) Organizational Symbolism, Greenwich, CT: JAI, pp. 187-98.

Bosworth, D. (1994) 'Shiftwork in the UK: evidence from the LFS', Applied Economics,

26 (6): 617-26.

Boyer, R. (ed.) (1988) The Search For Labour Market Flexibility, Oxford: Clarendon. Bradley, H. (1989) Men's Work, Women's Work, Oxford: Blackwell. Bradney, P. (1957) The joking relationship in industry', Human Relations, 10

(2): 179-87.

Brah, A. (1986) 'Unemployment and racism: Asian youth on the dole,' in S. Allen, A Watson, K. Purcell and S. Woods (eds) The Experience of Unemployment,

London: Macmillan, pp. 61-78. Bratton, J. (1992) Japanization at Work, London: Macmillan.

212 Bibliography

Bravennan, H. (1974) Labor and Monopoly Capital, New York: Monthly Review.

Brennan, J. and McGeevor, P. (1987) Employment of Graduates from Ethnic Minorities,

London: Commission for Racial Equality.

Brown, C. and Gay, P. (1985) Racial Discrimination: 17 Years after the Act, London:

Policy Studies Institute.

Browning, H. L. and Singelmann, J. (1978) 'The transfonnation of the US labour force',

Politics and Society, 8 (3): 481-509.

Brunhes, B. (1989) 'Labour flexibility in enterprises: a comparison of finns in

four European countries' in Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development

(ed.) Labour Market Flexibility: Trends in Entelprises, Paris: OECD, pp. 11-36.

Buchanan, D. A. (1986) 'Management objectives in technical change', in D. Knights and

H. Willmott (eds) Managing the Labour Process, Aldershot: Gower, pp. 67-84.

Buchanan, D. A. and Boddy. D. (1983) Organisations in the Computer Age: Technological Imperatives and Strategic Choice, Aldershot: Gower.

Burawoy, M. (1979) Manufacturing Consent, Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

Burawoy, M. (1985) The Politics of Production, London: Verso.

Burchell, 8., Elliott, J., Rubery, J. and Wilkinson, F. (1994) 'Management and

employee perceptions of skill', in R. Penn, M. Rose and J Rubery (eds) Skill and Occupational Change, Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 159-89.

Butcher, S. and Hart, D. (1995) 'An analysis of working time 1979-1994',

Employment Gazette, May: 211-22.

Campbell, N. and Burton, F. (eds) (1994) Japanese Multinationals: Strategies

and Management in the Global Kaisha, London: Routledge. Capelli, P. (1995) 'Rethinking employment', British Journal of Industrial Relations, 33

(4): 563-602.

Carlzon, J. (1987) Moments of Truth, New York: Harper and Row.

Cavendish, R. (1982) Women on the Line, London: Routledge.

Chadeau, A. (1985) 'Measuring household activities: some international comparisons', Review of Income and Wealth, 31 (3): 237-53.

Charles, N. (1986) 'Women and trade unions', in Feminist Review (ed.) Waged Work,

London: Virago, pp. 160-85.

Child, J. (1972) 'Organisation structure, environment and perfonnance: the role of

strategic choice', Sociology, 6 (1): 1-22.

Child, J. (1984) Organisation: A Guide to Problems and Practice, 2nd edn,

London: Harper and Row.

Child, J. (1985) 'Managerial strategies, new technology and the labour process',

in D. Knights, H. Willmott and D. Collinson (eds) Job Redesign, Aldershot:

Gower, pp. 107-41. Clarke, T. (1989) 'Imaginative flexibility in production engineering: the Volvo

Uddevalla plant', paper presented to Employment Research Unit Conference,

Cardiff Business School. Clawson, D. and Fantasia, R. (1983) 'Beyond Burawoy: the dialectics of conflict

and consent on the shop floor', Theory and Society, 12: 671-80.

Cockburn, C. (1983) Brothers: Male Dominance and Technological Change, London: Pluto.

Bibliography

Cockburn, C. (1985) Machinery of Dominance, London: Pluto.

Cockburn, C. (1986) 'The material of male power', in Feminist Review (ed.)

Waged Work, London: Virago, pp. 93-113.

Cockburn, C. (1991) In the Way of Women, Basingstoke: Macmillan.

Cohen, S. and Taylor, L. (1976) Escape Attempts, Harmondsworth: Penguin.

Collinson, D. (1988) '''Engineering humour": masculinity, joking and conflict in

shop-floor relations', Organization Studies, 9 (2): 181-99.

Collinson, D. (1992) Managing the Shopfloor, Berlin: de Gruyter.

Collinson, D. and Knights, D. (1986) '''Men only": theories and practices of job

segregation in insurance', in D. Knights and H. Willmott (eds) Gender and the

Labour Process, London: Sage, pp. 140-78.

Corti, L. and Dex, S. (1995) 'Informal carers and employement', Employment

Gazette, March: 101-7.

Corti, L., Laurie, H. and Dex, S. (1994) Caring and Employment, Employment

Department Research Series no. 39, London: HMSO.

Cressey, P. and Macinnes, J. (1980) 'Voting for Ford: industrial democracy and

the control of labour', Capital and Class, 11: 5-33.

213

Crompton, R. (1987) 'Gender, status and professionalism', Sociology, 21 (3): 413-28.

Crompton, R. (1990) 'Professions in the current context', Work. Employment and Society, special issue, May: 147-66.

Cross, M. (1987) 'Equality of opportunity and inequality of outcome: the MSC, ethnic

minorities and training policy', in R. Jenkins and J. Solomos (eds) Racism and Equal Opportunity Policies in the 1980s, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press,

pp.73-92.

Cross, M. (1988) 'Changes in working practices in UK manufacturing 1981-88',

Industrial Relations Review and Report, no. 415: 2-10.

Cross, M., Wrench, J. and Barnett, S. (1990) Ethnic Minorities and the Careers Service, Research Paper no. 73, London: Department of Employment.

Crowther, S. and Garrahan, P. (1988) 'Corporate power and the local economy',

Industrial Relations Journal, 19 (1): 51-9.

Crozier, M. (1964) The Bureaucratic Phenomenon, London: Tavistock.

Crusco, A. H. and Wetzel, C. G. (1984) 'The Midas touch: the effects of

interpersonal touch on restaurant tipping', Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 10 (4): 512-17.

Cunnison, S. and Stageman, J. (1995) Feminizing the Unions, Aldershot: Avebury.

Dale, I. and Kerr, J. (1995) 'Small and medium sized enterprises: their numbers

and importance to employment', Labour Market Trends, December: 461-5.

Davies, S. (1990) 'Inserting gender into Burawoy's theory of the labour process',

Work. Employment and Society, 4 (3): 391-406.

Deery, S. J. and Mahony, A. (1994) 'Temporal flexibility: management strategies

and employee preferences in the retail industry', Journal of Industrial Relations, 36 (3): 332-52.

Delbridge, R., Turnbull, P. and Wilkinson, B. (1992) 'Pushing back the frontiers:

management control and work intensification under JITffQM factory regimes',

214 Bibliography

New Technology, Work and Employment, 7 (2): 97-106.

Deming, W. E. (1982) Quality, Productivity and Competitive Position,

Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.

Denman, J. and McDonald, P. (1996) 'Unemployment statistics from 1881 to the

present day', Labour Market Trends, January: 5-18.

Department for Education and Employment (1995a) 'Changes to the coverage of

the monthly count of claimant unemployment', Labour Market Trends, November:

398-400.

Department for Education and Employment (l995b) 'New developments in the pattern of

claimant unemployment in the United Kingdom', Employment Gazette, September: 351-8.

Department of Employment (1990) 'Ethnic origins and the labour market', Employment Gazette, March: 125-37.

Department of Employment (1993) 'Ethnic origins and the labour market', Employment Gazette, February: 25-33.

Department of Employment (1994) 'Historical supplement 4, employment statistics',

Employment Gazette, October.

Dex, S. (1983) 'Recurrent unemployment in young black and white males',lndustrial

Relations Journal, 14 (I): 41-9.

Dickens, L. (1995) 'UK part-time employees and the law - recent and potential

developments', Gender, Work and Organization, 2 (4): 207-15.

Dickens, R, Gregg., P., Machin, S., Manning, A. and Wadsworth, J. (1993) 'Wages

councils: was there a case for abolition?', British Journal of Industrial Relations, 31 (4): 515-29.

Ditton, J. (1977) Part-Time Crime: An Ethnography of Fiddling and Pilferage, London: Macmillan.

Ditton, J. (1979) 'Baking time', Sociological Review, 27 (I): 157-67.

Doganis, R. (1994) The impact of liberalization on European airline strategies and operations', Journal of Air Transport Management, I (I): 15-25.

Douglas, M. (1975) Implicit Meanings: Essays in Anthropology, London: Routledge and Kegan Paul.

Dubois, P. (1979) Sabotage in Industry, Harmondsworth: Pelican.

Duncombe, J. and Marsden, D. (1995) '''Workaholics'' and "whingeing women":

theorising intimacy and emotion work - the last frontier of gender inequality?',

Sociological Review, 43 (I): 150-69.

Edwards, P. K. and Scullion, H. (1982) The Social Organisation of Industrial Conflict,

Oxford: Blackwell.

Edwards, P. K. and Whitston, C. (1991) 'Workersare working harder: effort and

shop-floor relations in the 1980s', British Journal of Industrial Relations,

29 (4): 593-601.

Edwards, P. K. and Whitston, C. (1993) Attending to Work: The Management of

Attendance and Shopfloor Order, Oxford: Blackwell.

Edwards, R. (1979) Contested Terrain: the Transformation of the Workplace in

the Twentieth Century, London: Heinemann.

Bibliography

EIRR (European Industrial Relations Review) (1995) 'Annual working time in the European Union', European Industrial Relations Reveiw, no. 259: 17-19.

Ekman, P. (1973) 'Cross culture studies of facial expression', in P. Ekman (ed.) Darwin and Facial Expression, New York: Academic, pp. 169-222.

Eldridge, J. E. T. (1971) Sociology and Industrial Life, Middlesex: Nelson. Eldridge, J. E. T. (1983) Book review, British Journal of Industrial Relations, 25 (I):

418-20.

215

Elger, T. (1990) Technical innovation and work reorganization in British manufacturing in the 1980s: continuity, intensification or transformation?', Work, Employment and

Society, special issue, May: 67-102. Elger, T. (1991) Task flexibility and the intensification of labour in UK

manufacturing in the 1980s', in A. Pollert (ed.) Farewell to Flexihility?, Oxford:

Blackwell, pp. 46--66. European Commission (1992) Legal Instruments to Comhat Racism and Xenophohia,

Brussels: European Commission. Evans, S. (1990) 'Free labour and economic performance: evidence from the construction

industry', Work, Employment and Society, 4 (2): 239-52. Featherstone, M. (1990) Consumer Culture and Postmodernism, London: Sage. Feige, E. L. (1989) , The meaning and measurement of the underground economy', in

E. L. Feige (ed.) The Underground Economies, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 175-96.

Felstead, A. and Jewson, N. (1995) 'Working at home: estimates from the 1991 census', Employment Gazette, March: 95-9.

Felt, L. F. and Sinclair, P. R. (1992) 'Everyone does it: unpaid work in a rural peripheral region', Work, Employment and Society, 6 (I): 43-64.

Ferguson, K. (1984) The Feminist Case Against Bureaucracy, Philadelphia: Temple University Press.

Ferman, L. A. (1983) The work ethic in the world of informal work', in J. Barbash, R. J. Lampman, S. A. Levitan and G. Tyler (eds) The Work Ethic - A Critical Analysis, Wisconsin: Industrial Relations Research Association.

Filby, M. P. (1992) "'The figures, the personality and the bums": service work and sexuaity', Work, Employment and Society, 6 (I): 23-42.

Fineman, S. (ed.) (1993) Emotion in Organizations, London: Sage. Firth, M. (1981) 'Racial discrimination in the British labor market', Industrial and Lahor

Relations Review, 34 (2): 265-72. Forbes, I. and Mead, G (1992) Measure for Measure: A Comparative Analysis of

Measures to Comhat Racial Discrimination in the Memher Countries of the European

Community, Research Series no. I, Sheffield: Employment Department.

Fox, A. (1966) Industrial Sociology and Industrial Relations, Research Paper no. 3, Royal Commission on Trade Unions and Employers' Associations, London: HMSO.

Fox, A. (1974) Beyond Contract, London: Faber and Faber. Francis, B. and Penn, R. (1994) 'Towards a phenomenology of skill', in R. Penn, M. Rose

and J. Rubery (eds) Skill and Occupational Change, Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp.223-43.

216 Bibliography

Friedman, A. (1977a) Industry and Labour: Class Struggle at Work and Monopoly Capitalism, London: Macmillan.

Friedman, A. (1977b) 'Responsible autonomy versus direct control over the labour

process', Capital and Class, 1 (Spring): 43-57.

Friedman, A. (1990) 'Managerial activities, techniques and technology: towards a

complex theory of the labour process', in D. Knights and H. Willmott (eds) Labour

Process Theory, London: Macmillan, pp. 177-208.

Friedmann, G. (1961) The Anatomy of Work, London: Heinemann.

Fuchs, v. (1968) The Service Economy, New York: Basic.

Gallie, D. (1991) 'Patterns of skill change: upskilling, deskilling or the polarization of

skills?', Work, Employment and Society, 5 (3): 319-51.

Gallie, D. and White, M. (1993) Employee Commitment and the Skills Revolution, London: Policy Studies Institute.

Gershuny, J. (1978) After Industrial Society? The Emerging Self-Service Economy,

London: Macmillan.

Gershuny, J. (1983) Social Innovation and the Division of Labour, Oxford: Oxford

University Press.

Gershuny, J. and Miles, I. (1983) The New Service Economy: The Transformation of Employment in Industrial Societies, London: Pinter.

Gershuny, J. and Pahl, R. (1980) 'Britain in the decade of the three economies', New

Society, 51: 7-9.

Gershuny, J., Godwin, M. and Jones, S. (1994) 'The domestic labour revolution: a process

of lagged adaptation', in M. Anderson, F. Bechhofer and J. Gershuny (eds) The Social and Political Economy of the Household, Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp.151-97.

Goffman, E. (1963) Stigma, Harmondsworth: Penguin.

Goffman, E. (1969) The Presentation of Self in Everyday Life, London: Allen Lane.

Goffman, E. (1971) Relations in Public, New York: Basic.

Goodwin, M. and Duncan, S. (1986) 'The local state and local economic policy: political

mobilisation or economic regeneration', Capital and Class, 27: 14-36.

Gorz, A. (1982) Farewell to the Working Class, London: Pluto.

Gorz, A. (1985) Paths to Paradise: On the Liberation from Work, London: Pluto.

Guest, D. (1990) 'Have British workers been working harder in Thatcher's Britain? -

A re-consideration of the concept of effort', British Journal of Industrial Relations,

28 (3): 293-312.

Hakim, C. (1991) 'Grateful slaves and self-made women: fact and fantasy in women's

work orientations', European Sociological Review, 7 (2): 10 1-21.

Hales, C. P. (1986) 'What do managers do? A critical review of the evidence' ,Journal of

Management Studies, 23 (1): 88-115.

Hall, E. (1993) 'Smiling, deferring and flirting: doing gender by giving good service',

Work and Occupations, 20 (4): 452-71.

Handy, C. (1984) The Future of Work, Oxford: Blackwell.

Harding, P. and Jenkins, R. (1989) The Myth of the Hidden Economy, Milton Keynes:

Open University Press.

Hartmann, H. (1979) 'Capitalism, patriarchy and job segregation', in Z. Eisenstein (ed.)

Bibliography

Capitalist Patriarchy and the Case for Socialist Feminism, New York: Monthly Review, pp. 206-47 ..

Harvey, D. (1989) The Condition of Postmodernity, Oxford: Blackwell.

217

Hassard, J. (1989) 'Time and industrial sociology', in P.Blyton, J. Hassard, S. Hill and K. Starkey (eds) Time, Work and Organization, London: Routledge, pp. 13-34.

Hearn, J. and Parkin, W. (1987) 'Sex' at 'Work': The Power and Paradox of Organization

Sexuality, Brighton: Wheatsheaf. Hearn, J., Sheppard, D. L., Tancred-Sheriff, P. and Burrell, G. (eds) (1989) The Sexuality

of Organization, London: Sage. Hewitt, P. (1993) About Time: The Revolution in Work and Family Life, London: Rivers

Oram. Hill, D. (1985) 'Employment of the disabled' ,Industrial Relations Journal, 16 (1): 78-83. Hill, S. (1991) 'Why quality circles failed but Total Quality Management might succeed',

British Journal of Industrial Relations, 29 (4): 541-68. Hochschild, A. R. (1979) 'Emotion work, feeling rules and social structure', American

Journal of Sociology, 85 (3): 551-75. Hochschild, A. R. (1983) The Managed Heart: Commercialization of Human Feeling,

Berkeley: University of California Press. Hochschild, A. R. (1989). The Second Shift, New York: Viking. Hodson, R. (1991) 'Workplace behaviors', Work and Occupations, 18 (3): 271-90. Hoggert, P. (1996) 'New modes of control in the public services', Public Administration,

74 (I): 9-36. Horrell, S. (1994) 'Household time allocation and women's labour force participation', in

M. Anderson, F. Bechhofer and J. Gershuny (eds) The Social and Political Economy

of the Household, Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 198-224. Horrell, S. and Rubery, J. (1991) Employers' Working Time Policies and Women's

Employment, London: HMSO. Horrell, S., Rubery, J. and Burchell, B. (1994) 'Gender and skills', in R. Penn, M. Rose

and J. Rubery (eds) Skill and Occupational Change, Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 189-222.

Hubbuck, J. and Carter, S. (1980) Half a Chance? A Report on Job Discrimination

Agains Young Blacks in Nottingham, London: Commission for Racial Equality. Hutton, W. (1995) The State We're In, London: Cape. Hyman, R. (1987) 'Strategy or structure? Capital, labour and control', Work, Employment

and Society, I (1): 25-55.

Hyman, R. (1991) 'Plus <;:a change? The theory of production and the production of theory', in A. Pollert (ed.) Farewell to Flexibility?, Oxford: Blackwell, pp. 259-83.

Incomes Data Services (1996) 'UK to toe the line on working time limits', Employment

Europe, no. 413: 26--28. Industrial Relations Review and Report (1990) 'Ethnic monitoring - policy and practice',

IRS Employment Trends, 478: 4-11.

Ingram, A. and Sloane, P. (1984) 'The growth of shiftwork in the British food, drink and tobacco industries', Managerial and Decision Economics, 5 (3): 168-76.

Inland Revenue (1981) Annual Report, no. 123, London: HMSO.

218 Bibliography

Jackall, R. (1988) Moral Mazes: The World of CO/po rate Managers, New York: Oxford University Press.

Jahoda, M. (1979) 'The impact of unemployment in the 1930s and the 1970s', Bulletin of

the British Psychological Society, 32: 309-14. Jahoda, M. (1982) Employment and Unemployment, Cambridge: Cambridge University

Press. James, N. (1989) 'Emotional labour: skill and work in the social regulation of feelings',

Sociological Rel'iew, 37 (I): 15-42. Jaques, E. (1956) Measurement of Responsibility, London: Tavistock. Jaques, E. (1967) Equitable Payment, rev. edn, Harrnondsworth: Penguin. Jenkins, R. (1986) Racism and Recruitment, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Jenkins, R. (1987) 'Equal Opportunities in the private sector: the limits of voluntarism',

in R. Jenkins and J. Solomos (eds) Racism and Equal Opportunity Policies in the 1980s, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 110-24.

Jenson, J. (1989) 'The talents of women, the skills of men', in S. Wood (ed.) The Transformation of Work?, London: Unwin Hyman, pp. 141-55.

Jewson, N. and Mason, D. (1986) 'The theory and practice of equal opportunity policies: liberal and radical approaches', Sociological Rel'iew, 34 (2): 307-34.

Jewson, N., Waters, S. and Harvey, J. (1990) Ethnic Minorities and Employment Practice: A Study of Six Employers, Research Paper no. 76, Sheffield: Employment Department.

Jewson, N., Mason, D., Lambkin, C. and Taylor, F. (1992) Ethnic Monitoring Policy and

Practice: A Study of Employers' E\periences, Research Paper no. 89, London: Department of Employment.

Jones, T. (1993) Britain's Ethnic Minorities, London: Policy Studies Institute. Joseph Rowntree Foundation (1991) National Surl'ey of Volunteering, Social Survey

Research Findings no. 22, York: Joseph Rowntree Foundation. Juran, J. M. (1979) Quality Control Handbook, New York: McGraw-HilI. Keen, S. (1995) 'British working week is longest of EU countries', People Management,

1(3): 13-15. Keep, E. (1989) 'Corporate training strategies: the vital component?', in J. Storey (ed.)

New Perspectil'es on Human Resource Management, London: Routledge, pp. 109-25. Keep, E. (1994) 'Vocational education and training for the young', in K. Sisson (ed.)

Personnel Management, 2nd edn, Oxford: Blackwell, pp. 299-333. Kelly, J. (1982) Scientific Management, Job Redesign and Work Peliormance, London:

Academic. Kelly, J. (1985) . Management's redesign of work: labour process, labour markets and

product markets', in D. Knights, H. Willmott and D. Collinson (eds) Job Redesign,

Aldershot: Gower, pp. 30-51. Kerr, c., Dunlop, J. T., Harbison, F. H. and Myers, C. A. (1960) Industrialism and

Industrial Man, London: Heinemann. Knights, D. and Willmott, H. (eds) (1986) Managing the Labour Process, Aldershot:

Gower. Knights, D. and Willmott, H. (eds) (1990) Labour Process Theory, London: Macmillan. Knights, D., Willmott, H. and Collinson, D. (eds) (1985) Job Redesign: Critical

Bibliography

Perspectives on the Labour Process, Aldershot: Gower. Koestler, A. (1976) The Ghost in the Machine, London: Picador.

Kreckel, R. (1980) 'Unequal opportunity structure and labour market segmentation',

Sociology, 14 (4): 525-50.

Kusterer, K. (1978) Know How on the Job, Boulder, CO: Westview.

Labour Research (1990) 'The right personality for the job?', Labour Research, September: 15-16.

Lacey, N., Wells, C. and Meure, D. (1990) Reconstructing Criminal Law, London:

Weidenfeld and Nicolson.

219

Lazonick, W. (1978) 'The subjection of labour to capital: the rise of the capitalist systelJ1',

Review of Radical Political Economics, 10 (I): 1-3\.

Lee, D. (1982) 'Beyond deskilling: skill, craft and class', in S. Wood (ed.) The

Degradation of Work?, London: Hutchinson, pp. 146--62.

Lee, G. and Wrench, J. (1987) 'Race and gender dimensions of the youth labour market:

from apprenticeship to YTS', in G. Lee and R. Loveridge (eds) The Manufacture of Disadvantage, Milton Keynes: Open University Press, pp. 83-99.

Legge, K. (1995) Human Resource Management: Rhetorics and Realities, Basingstoke:

Macmillan.

Lessor, R. (1984) 'Social movements, the occupational arena and changes in career

consciousness: the case of women flight attendants', Journal of Occupational Behaviour, 5: 37-51.

Lewis, A. (1995) 'The deskilling thesis revisited: on Peter Armstrong's defence of

Braverman', Sociological Review, 43 (3): 478-500.

Liff, S. and Wajcman, J. (1996) '''Sameness'' and "difference" revisited: which way

forward for equal opportunity initiatives?', Journal of Management Studies, 33 (1): 79-94.

Linhart, R. (\ 981) The Assembly Line, London: Calder.

Linstead, S. (l985a) 'Jokers wild: the importance of humour in the maintenance of

organizational culture', Sociological Review, 33 (4): 741-67. Linstead, S. (l985b) 'Breaking the "purity rule": industrial sabotage and the symbolic

process', Personnel Review, 14 (3): 12-19. Linstead, S. (1995) 'Averting the gaze: gender and power on the perfumed picket line',

Gendel; Work and Organization, 2 (4): 190--206.

Littler, C. R. (1982) The Development of the Labour Process in Capitalist Societies, Aldershot: Gower.

Littler, C. R. (1985) 'Taylorism, Fordism and job design', in D. Knights, H. Willmott and

D. Collinson (eds) Job Redesign, Aldershot: Gower, pp. 10-29. Littler, C. R. and Salaman, G. (1982) 'Bravermania and beyond: recent theories of the

labour process', Sociology, 16 (2): 251-69.

Lonsdale, S. (1990) Women and Disability, London: Macmillan. Lynch, J. J. (1992) The Psychology of Customer Care, London: Macmillan.

Lyon, D. (1994) Postmodernity, Buckingham: Open University Press.

MacDonald, R. (1994) 'Fiddly jobs, undeclared working and the "something for nothing" society', Work. Employment and Society, 8 (4): 507-30.

220 Bibliography

MacDonald, R. (1996) 'Labours of love: voluntary working in a depressed local economy', Journal 0/ Social Policy, 25 (1): 1-21.

Mangham, I. L. and O'/erington, M. A. (1987) Organizations as Theatre, Chichester: Wiley.

Manwaring, T. and Wood, S. (1985) 'The ghost in the labour process', in D. Knights, H. Willmott and D. Collinson (eds) Job Redesign, Aldershot: Gower, pp. 171-96.

Mars, G. (1982) Cheats at Work: An Anthropology o/Workplace Crime, London: Allen and Unwin.

Mars, G. and Nicod, M. (1984) The World o/Waiters, Boston, MA: George Allen and Unwin.

Marsh, C. (1991) Hours o/Work o/Women and Men in Britain, London: HMSO. Marx, K. (1930) Capital, London: Dent Marx, K. (1969) 'Alienated labour', in T. Burns (ed.) Industrial Man: Selected Readings,

Harrnondsworth: Penguin, pp. 95-109. Marx, K. (1976) Capital, vol. I, Harmondsworth: Penguin. Mason, D. (1994) 'On the dangers of disconnecting race and racism', Sociology, 28 (4):

845-58. Massey, D. (1988) 'What's happening to UK manufacturing?', in J. Allen and D. Massey

(eds) The Economy in Question, London: Sage, pp. 45-90. Mathewson, S. B. (1931) Restriction o/Output among Unorganized Workers, New York:

McGraw-Hill. Matthaei, J. (1982) An Economic History o/Women in America, Brighton: Harvester. Mayo, E. (1933) The Human Problems 0/ an Industrial Civilisation, New York:

Macmillan McClelland, K. (1987) 'Time to work, time to live: some aspects of work and the

re-formation of class in Britain 1850-1880', in P. Joyce (ed.) The Historical Meanings o/Work, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 180-209.

McCormick, B. J. (1979) Industrial Relations in the Coal Industry, London: Macmillan. McKee, L. and Bell, C. (1986) 'His unemployment, her problem: the domestic and

marital consequences of male unemployment', in S. Allen, A. Waton, K. Purcell and S. Wood (eds) The Experience 0/ Unemployment. Basingstoke: Macmillan, pp. 134-49.

McLennan, G. (1995) Pluralism, Buckingham: Open University Press. McLoughlin, I. and Clark, J. (1994) Technological Change at Work, 2nd ed, Milton

Keynes: Open University Press. Metcalf, D. (1989) 'Water notes dry up: the impact of the Donovan reform proposals and

Thatcherism at work on labour productivity in British manufacturing industry', British

Journal o/Industrial Relations, 27 (1): 1-31. Meyer, S. (1981) The Five-Dollar Day: Labor Management and Social Control in the

Ford Motor Co .. 1908-21, Albany: SUNY. Miles, R. (1993) Racism after 'Race Relations', London: Routledge. Miller, D. and Form, W. (1963) Industrial Sociology, New York: Harper and Row. Millward, N., Stevens, M., Smart, D. and Hawes, W. R. (1992) Workplace Industrial

Relations in Transition, Aldershot: Dartmouth. Molstad, C. (1986) 'Choosing and coping with boring work', Urban Life, 15 (2): 215-36.

Bibliography 221

Moorhouse, H. F. (1984) 'American automobiles and workers' dreams', in K. Thompson (ed.) Work, Employment and Unemployment, Milton Keynes: Open University Press, pp.246-60.

Moorhouse, H. F. (1987) The "work" ethic and "leisure" activity: the hot rod in post-war America', in P. Joyce (ed.) The Historical Meanings of Work, Cambridge: Cambridge

University Press. pp. 237-57. More, C. (1980) Skill and the English Working Class 1840-1914, London: Croom Helm. More, C. (1982) 'Skill and the survival of apprenticeship' in S. Wood (ed.)

The Degradation of Work?, London: Hutchinson, pp. 109-22. Morgan, G. (1986) Images of Organization, London: Sage. Morris, L. (1990) The Workings of the Household, Cambridge: Polity. MOW International Research Team (1987) The Meaning of Working, London: Academic. Mumby, D. and Putnam, L. (1992) 'The politics of emotion: a feminist reading of

bounded rationality', Academy of Management Review, 17 (3): 465-86. Mumford, L. (1934) Technics and Civilisation, New York: Harcourt, Brace and World. Naylor, K. (1994) 'Part-time working in Great Britain - an historical analysis',

Employment Gazette, December: 473-84. Neathey, F. (1992) 'Job assessment, job evaluation and equal value', in P. Kahn and E.

Meehan (eds) Equal Value/Comparable Worth in the UK and the USA Basingstoke: Macmillan, pp. 65-81.

New Earnings Survey (1995) Part A: Streamlined and Summary Analysis, London: HMSO.

Nicholson, N. (1977) 'Absence behaviour and attendance motivation: a conceptual synthesis', Journal of Management Studies, 14 (3): 231-52.

Nicholson, N. and Johns, G. (1985) 'The absence culture and the psychological contract­who's in control of absence', Academy of Management Review, 10 (3): 397-407.

Nkomo, S. (1992) 'The emperor has no clothes: rewriting "race in organizations"', Academy of Management Review, 17 (3): 487-513.

Nolan, P. (1989) 'Walking on water? performance and industrial relations under Thatcher', Industrial Relations Journal, 20 (2): 81-92.

Noon, M. (1992) 'HRM: a map, model or theory', in P. Blyton and P. Turnbull (eds) Reassessing Human Resource Management, London: Sage, pp. 16-32.

Noon, M. (1993) 'Racial discrimination in speCUlative application: evidence from the UK's top 100 firms', Human Resource Management Journal, 3 (4): 35-47.

Noon, M. (1994) 'From apathy to alacrity: managers and new technology in provincial newspapers', Journal of Management Studies, 31 (I): 19-32.

Noon, M. and Delbridge, R. (1993) 'News from behind my hand: Gossip in organizations', Organization Studies 14 (I): 23-36.

O'Higgins, M. (1989) 'Assessing the underground economy in the United Kingdom', in E. L. Feige (ed.) The Underground Economies, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 175-96.

Oakland, J. S. (1989) Total Quality Management, Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann. Oakley, A: (1974) The Sociology of Housework, London: Martin Robertson. Oakley, A. (1982) Subject Woman, London: Fontana.

222 Bibliography

OECD (Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development) (1995), Employment Outlook 1995, Paris: OECD.

Offe, C. (1985) Disorganised Capitalism, Cambridge: Polity.

Ogbonna, E. and Noon, M. (1995) 'Experiencing inequality: ethnic minorities and the

Employment Training scheme', Work, Employment and Society, 9 (3): 537-58.

Ogbonna, E. and Wilkinson, B. (1990) 'Corporate strategy and corporate culture: the view

from the checkout', Personnel Review, 19 (4): 9-15.

Oliver, M. (1990) The Politics of Disablement, London: Macmillan.

Pahl, R. (1984) Divisions of Labour, Oxford: Blackwell.

Pahl, R. (1988) 'Some remarks on informal work, social polarization and the social

structure', International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, 12: 247-67.

Palmer, B. (1975) 'Class, conception and conflict', Review of Radical Political Economics, 7 (2): 31-49.

Parekh, B. (1986) 'The New Right and the politics of nationhood', in G. Cohen (ed.)

The New Right, Image and Reality, London: Runnymead Trust.

Parker, G. (1988) 'Who cares? A review of empirical evidence from Britain', in R. Pahl

(ed.) On Work, Oxford: Blackwell, pp. 496-512.

Parkin, F. (1979) Marxism and Class Theory: A Bourgeois Critique, London: Tavistock.

Penn, R. (1982) 'Skilled manual workers in the labour process, 1856-1964', in S. Wood

(ed.) The Degradation of Work?, London: Hutchinson, pp. 90-108.

Penn, R. (1983) 'Theories of skill and class structure', Sociological Review, 31 (1):

22-38.

Penn, R. (1990) Class, Power and Technology, Cambridge: Polity. Penn, R. and Scattergood, H. (1985) 'Deskilling or enskilling? An empirical investigation

of recent theories of the labour process', British Journal of Sociology, 36 (4): 611-30. Penn, R., Gasteen, A., Scattergood, H. and Sewel, J. (1994a) 'Technical change and the

division oflabour in Rochdale and Aberdeen', in R. Penn, M. Rose and J. Rubery (eds)

Skill and Occupational Change, Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 130-56. Penn, R., Rose, M. and Rubery, J. (eds) (1994b) Skill and Occupational Change, Oxford:

Oxford University Press. Peters, T. and Austin, N. (1985) A Passion for Excellence, New York: Random House. Peters, T. and Waterman, R. H. (1982) In Search of Excellence, New York: Harper and

Row. Phillips, A. and Taylor, B. (1986) 'Sex and skill', in Feminist Review (ed.) Waged Work

- A Reader, London: Virago, pp. 54-66. Pickard, J. (1991) 'Annual hours: a year of living dangerously', Personnel Management,

August: 38-43. Piore, M. J. and Sabel, C. F. (1984) The Second Industrial Divide, New York: Basic.

Pollard, S. (1963) 'Factory discipline and the industrial revolution', The Economic History Review, 16: 254-71.

Pollard, S. (1965) The Genesis of Modern Management: A Study of the Industrial Revolution in Great Britain, Harmondsworth: Penguin.

Pollert, A. (1981) Girls, Wives, Factory Lives, London: Macmillan.

Bibliography 223

Pollert, A. (1988) 'The "flexible firm": fixation or fact?', Work. Employment and Society,

2 (3): 281-316. Pollert, A. (ed.) (1991) Farewell to Flexibility?, Oxford: Blackwell. Pollitt, H. (1940) Serving My Time: An Apprenticeship to Politics, London: Lawrence and

Wishart. Polyani, M. and Prosch, H. (1975) Meaning, Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

Poor, R. (ed.) (1972) 4 Days. 40 Hours, London: Pan. Pringle, R. (1989) 'Bureaucracy, rationality and sexuality: the case of secretaries', in

J. Hearn, D. L. Sheppard, P. Tancred-Sheriff and G. Burrell (eds) The Sexuality of

Organization, London: Sage, pp. 158-77. Prins, R. and de Graaf, A. (1986) 'Comparison of sickness absence in Belgian, German

and Dutch firms', British Journal of Industrial Medicine, 43: 529-36. Purcell, J. (1989) 'The impact of corporate strategy on human resource management', in

J. Storey (ed.) New Perspectives on Human Resource Management, London:

Routledge. pp. 67-91. Purcell, J. (1995) 'Corporate strategy and its link with human resource management

strategy', in J. Storey (ed.) Human Resource Management: A Critical Text London:

Routledge. pp. 63-86. Radcliffe-Brown, A. R. (1952) Structure and Function in Primitive Society, London:

Cohen and West. Rafaeli, A. and Sutton. R. I. (1987) 'Expression of emotion as part of the work role' ,

Academy of Management Review, 12 (I): 23-37. Rafaeli, A. and Sutton, R. I. (1989) 'The expression of emotion in organizational life', in

L. L. Cummings and B. M. Staw (eds) Research in Organizational Behaviour, Greenwich, CT: JAI, pp. 1-42.

Ram, M. (1992) 'Coping with racism: Asian employers in the inner city', Work.

Employment and Society, 6 (4): 601-18. Reed, M. (1989) The Sociology of Management, Brighton: Harvester Wheatsheaf. Reid, D. A. (1976) 'The decline of Saint Monday', Past and Present, no. 71: 76--101. Rhodes, E. and Braham, P. (1986) 'Equal opportunity in the context of high levels of

unemployment', in R. Jenkins and J. Solomos (eds) Racism and Equal Opportunity

Policies in the 1980s, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 189-209. Riemer, J. W. (1977) Hard Hats: The Working World of Construction Workers, Beverly

Hills, CA: Sage.

Ritzer, G. (1993) The McDonaldization of Society, Thousand Oaks, CA: Pine Forge.

Rodgers, D. (1978) The Work Ethic in Industrial America 1850-1920, Chicago: University

of Chicago Press.

Roethlisberger, F. J. and Dickson, W. 1. (1966) Management and the Worker, Harvard:

Harvard University Press.

Rogoff, B. and Lave, J. (eds) (1984) Everyday Cognition: Its Development in Social

Context. Cambridge MA: Harvard University Press.

Rolfe, H. (1986) 'Skill, deskilling and new technology in the non-manual labour process', New Technology. Work and Employment, I (1): 37-49.

224 Bib/ography

Rolfe, H. (1990) 'In the name of progress? Skill and attitudes towards technological change', New Technology. Work and Employment, 5 (2): 107-21.

Rose, M. (1985) Re-Working the Work Ethic, London: Batsford. Rose, M. (1988) Industrial Behaviour, 2nd edn, Harmondsworth: Penguin. Rose, M. (1994) 'Skill and Samuel Smiles: changing the British work ethic', in R. Penn,

M. Rose and J. Rubery (eds) Skill and Occupational Change. Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 281-335.

Rose, R. (1985) 'Getting by in three economies: the resources of the official. unofficial and domestic economies'. in J-E. Lane (ed.) State and Market, London: Sage, pp. 103-41.

Roy, D. (1952) 'Efficiency and "the fix": informal inter-group relations in a piecework machine shop', American Journal of Sociology. 57: 255-66.

Roy, D. (1953) 'Work satisfaction and social reward in quota achievement: an analysis of piecework incentive', American Sociological Rel'iew, 18: 507-14.

Roy, D. (1955) 'Quota restriction and goldbricking in a machine shop'. American Journal of Sociology, 60: 427-42.

Roy, D. (1960) 'Banana time: job satisfaction and informal interaction', Human

O':f?ani::ation, 18: 156--68. Rubery, J. and Wilkinson, F. (1979) 'Notes on the nature of the labour process in the

secondary sector'. Low Pay and Lahour Market Segmentation Conference Papers, Cambridge.

Rubinstein. M. (1984) Equal Pay for Work of Equal Value, London: Macmillan. Sabel, C. F. (1982) Work and Politics: the Dil'ision of Lahour in Industly, Cambridge:

Cambridge University Press. Sadler, P. (1970) 'Sociological aspects of skill'. British Journal of Industrial Relations,

8 (I): 22-31. Sayer, A. and Walker, R. (1992) The New Social Economy: Reworking the Dil'ision of

Lahour, Oxford: Blackwell. Scase, R. and Goffee, R. (1989) Reluctant Managers: Their Work and Lifestyles. London:

Unwin Hyman. Schein, E. H. (1965) Organi::ational Psychology, Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall. Scott, A. (1994) Willing Slal'es: British Workers Under Human Resource Management.

Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Sewell, G and Wilkinson, B. (1992) 'Empowerment or emasculation? Shopfloor

surveillance in a total quality organisation', in P. Blyton and P. Turnbull (eds) Reassessing Human Resource Management. London: Sage, pp. 97-115.

Seymour, W. D. (1966) Industrial Skills, London: Pitman. Shutt, 1. and Whittington, R. (1987) 'Fragmentation strategies and the rise of small units:

cases from the north west', Regional Studies, 21: 13-23. Smith, C. (1989) 'Flexible specialisation, automation and mass production', Work,

Employment and Society, 3 (2): 203-22. Smith, D. J. (1981) Unemployment and Racial Minorities, London: Policy Studies

Institute. Smith, S. and Wied-Nebbeling, S. (1986) The Shadow Economy in Britain and Germany,

Bihlography 225

London: Anglo-Gennan Foundation. Snyder, M. (1987) Puhlic Appearances. Private Realities, New York: Freeman. Sorge, A., Hartman, G., Warner, M. and Nicholas, I. (1983) Microelectronics and

Manpower in Manufacturing Applications of Computer Numerical Control in Great

Britain and West Germany, Aldershot: Gower.

Spradley, J. P. and Mann, B. J. (1975) The Cocktail Waitress: Women's Work in a Man's

World, New York: Wiley.

Steiger, T. L. (1993) 'Construction skill and skill construction', Work. Employment and

Society, 7 (4): 535-60.

Steinberg, R. J. (1990) 'Social construction of skill', Work and Occupations, 17 (4):

449-82.

Stopford, J. and Turner, L. (1985) Britain and the Multinationals, Chichester: Wiley.

Sweeney, K. and Davies, J. (1996) 'Labour disputes in 1995', Lahour Market Trends,

104 (6): 271-85.

Tancred, P. (1995) 'Women's work: a challenge to the sociology of work', Gendel; Work

and Organization, 2 (I): 11-20.

Taylor, F. W. (1911) The Principles of Scientific Management, New York: Harper.

Taylor, L. and Walton, P. (1971) 'Industrial sabotage: motives and meanings', in S. Cohen

(ed.) Images of Del'iance, Hannondsworth: Penguin, pp. 219-45.

Thomas, J. J. (1992) Informal Economic Actil'ities, Hemel Hempstead: Harvester

Wheatsheaf.

Thomas, P. and Smith, K. (1995) 'Results of the 1993 Census of Employment',

Employment Ga:ette, October: 369-77.

Thomason, G. F. (1980) Joh Evaluation: Ohjectives and Methods, London: Institute of

Personnel Management.

Thompson, E. P. (1967) 'Time, work-discipline and industrial capitalism', Past and Present, no. 38: 56-97.

Thompson, P. (1989) The Nature of Work . 2nd edn. London: Macmillan. Thompson, P. (1993) 'Postmodernism: fatal distraction', in 1. Hassard and M. Parker

(eds), Postmodernism and Organization, London: Sage, pp. 183-203.

Tidd, K. L. and Lockard, J. S. (1978) 'Monetary significance of the affiliative smile',

Bulletin of the Psychonomic Society, II: 344-6.

Towers, B. (1992) 'Two speed ahead: social Europe and the UK', Industrial Relations Journal, 23 (2): 83-9.

Turnbull, P. (1988) The limits to "Japanisation" - just-in-time, labour relations and the

UK automotive industry', New Technology. Work and Employment, 3 (I): 7-20.

Turner, B. A. (1971) Exploring the Industrial Suhculture, London: Macmillan.

Turner, H. A. (1962) Trade Union Growth. Structure and Policy, London: Allen and

Unwin.

Turner, R., Bostyn, A-M. and Wight, D. (1985) The work ethic in a Scottish town with

declining employment', in B. Roberts, R. Finnegan and D. Gallie (eds) New

Approaches to Economic Life, Manchester: Manchester University Press, pp. 476-89.

Ursell, G. and Blyton, P. (1988) State. Capital and Lahour: Changing Patterns of Power

and Dependence, London: Macmillan.

226 Bihlography

Van Maanen, J. and Kunda, G. (1989) "'Real feelings": emotional expression and organizational culture', in L. L. Cummings and B. M. Staw (eds) Research in Organizational Behaviour, Greenwich, CT: JAI, pp. 43-103.

Veal, A. J. (1989) 'Leisure and the future: considering the options', in F. Coalter (ed.) Freedom and Constraint: The Paradoxes of Leisure, London: Routledge. pp. 264-74.

Waddington, J. and Whitson, C. (1996) 'Empowerment versus intensification: union perspectives of change at the workplace', in P. Ackers, C. Smith and P. Smith (eds), The New Workplace and Trade Unionism, London: Routledge, pp 149-77.

Wajcman, J. (1991) 'Patriarchy, technology and skill', Work and Occupations, 18 (I): 29--45.

Walby, S. (1986) Patriarchy at Work, Cambridge: Polity. Walby, S. (1990) Theorizing Patriarchy, Oxford: Blackwell. Wallace, C. and Pahl, R. (1986) 'Polarisation, unemployment and all forms of work', in

S. Allen, A. Waton, K. Purcell and S. Wood (eds) The Experience of Unemployment, Basingstoke: Macmillan, pp. 116-33.

Wareing, A. (1992) 'Working arrangements and patterns of working hours in Britain' Employment Gazette, November: 88-100.

Warr, P. (1987) Work, Unemployment and Mental Health, Oxford: Clarendon. Watson, G. (1994) 'The flexible workforce and patterns of working hours in the UK',

Employment Gazette, July: 239--48. Watson, T. J. (1986) Management, Organisation and Employment, London: Routledge. Watson, T. J. (1987) Sociology, Work and Industry 2nd edn, London: Routledge &

Kegan Paul. Watson, T. J. (1994) In Search of Management: Culture, Chaos and Control in

Managerial Work, London: Routledge. Webb, J. and Liff, S. (1988) 'Play the white man: the social construction of fairness and

competition in equal opportunity policies', Sociological Review, 36 (3): 532-51. Weber, M. (1930) The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism, translated by Talcott

Parsons, London: Allen and Unwin. Weber, M. (1947) The Theory of Social and Economic Organization, ed. Talcott Parsons,

London: Hodge. Webster, F. (1995) Theories of the Information Society, London: Routledge. Westwood, S. (1984) All Day Every Day, London: Pluto.

Wharton, A. (1993) 'The affective consequences of service work: managing emotions on the job', Work and Occupations, 20 (2): 205-32.

Wharton, A. and Erickson, R. (1993) 'Managing emotions on the job and at home: under standing the consequences of multiple emotional roles', Academy of Management

Review, 18 (3): 457-86. Whipp, R. (1987) 'A time to every purpose: an essay on time and work', in P. Joyce (ed.)

The Historical Meanings of Work, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp.210-36.

White, M. (1987) Working Hours: Assessing the Potential for Reduction, Geneva:

International Labour Organization.

Bibliography 227

Williams, C. (1988) Blue. White and Pink Collar Workers in Australia, Sydney: Allen

and Unwin.

Williams, K., Cutler, T., Williams, J. and Haslam, C. (1987) 'The end of mass

production?', Economy and Society, 16 (3): 405-39.

Williams, K., Haslam, C. and Williams, J. (1992) 'Ford versus "Fordism": the beginning

of mass production?', Work. Employment and Society, 6 (4): 517-55.

Willis, P. (1977) Learning to Labour, Famborough: Saxon House.

Wilson C. P. (1979) Jokes: Form. Content. Use and Function, London: Academic.

Wilson, D. F. (1972) Dockers: The Impact of Industrial Change, London: Fontana Collins.

Witz, A. (1992) Professions and Patriarchy, London: Routledge.

Wood, S. (1989) (ed.) The Transformation of Work?, London: Unwin Hyman.

Wood, S. (ed.) (1982) The Degradation of Work? Skill. Deskilling and the Labour Process,

London: Hutchinson.

Woollacott, J. (1980) 'Dirty and deviant work', in G. Esland and G. Salaman (eds) The

Politics of Work and Occupations, Milton Keynes: Open University Press,

pp.192-212.

Worrell, D. L., Davidson, W. N. and Sharma, V. M (1991) 'Layoff announcements and

stockholder wealth', Academy of Management Journal, 34 (3): 662-78.

Wouters, C. (1989) 'The sociology of emotions and flight attendants: Hochschild's

Managed Heart', Theory. Culture and Society, 6: 95-123.

Yankelovich, D. (1973) 'The meaning of work', in R. Rosnow (ed.) The Worker and the

Job, New York: Columbia University Press/prentice Hall, pp. 19-47.

Yinger, M. (1986) 'Intersecting strands in the theorisation of race and ethnic relations', in

J. Rex and D. Mason (eds) Theories of Race and Ethnic Relations,Cambridge:

Cambridge University Press, pp. 20-41.

Zimbalist, A. (ed.) (1979) Case Studies on the Labour Process, New York: Monthly

Review.

Zuboff, S. (1988) In the Age of the Smart Machine, Oxford: Heinemann.

Author Index

Adam, B. 56 Adkins, L. 196 Aglietta, M. 5, 120 Allen, J. 32 Allen, S. 184 Anthias, F. 169 Anthony, P. D. 40,142 Applebaum, H. A. 89 Arber, S. 202 Armstrong, P. Ashforth, B. Atkinson, J. Attewell, P. Austin, N.

107, 108, 110, III 124, 125, 131, 136

73 82,83,85,90

127

Bacchi, C. Batstone, E. Becker, G. Becker, H. Beechey, V. Bell,C. 41

174 74,109

80, III 195 110

Bell, D. 49,50,51, 112, 182 Best, S. 8 Beynon,H. 40,104 Blauner, R. 63, III, 144, 145, 146 Blyton, P. 7, 10, 17,22,25,47,66,70,

71,72,73,75,96, 134 Boddy, D. 109, 113 Boland, R. J. 157 Bosworth, D. 70 Boyer, R. 22 Bradley, H. 91,94 Bradney, P. ISS, 156 Brah,A. 170 Braham, P. 170 Bratton, J. 31 Braverman, H. 84, lOS, 106, 107, 146,

148 Brennan,J. 171 Brown, C. 171 Browning, H. L. 49 Brunhes, B. 22 Buchanan, D. A. 109, 113 Burawoy, M. 63, 108, 110, 146, 147,

148, ISO, 151 165

228

Burchell, B. 83 Burton, F. 20 Butcher, S. 28, 67

Campbell, N. 20 Capelli, P. 32 Carlzon; J. 128 Carter, S. 171 Cavendish, R. 104 Chadeau, A. 192 Charles, N. 92 Child, J. 109,176 Clark, J. 107, 108 Clarke, T. 97 Clawson, D. 151 Cockburn, C. 10,45,78,92,97, 174 Cohen, S. 159 Collinson, D. L. 46,93, 158, 163, 164 Corti, L. 200, 20 I, 202 Cressey, P. 149 Crompton, R. 87 Cross, M. 73, 171 Crowther, S. 19 Crozier, M. 148 Crusco, A. H. 130 Cunnison, S. 96

Dale,l. 28 Davies, S. 151 Davies, J. 17 Deery, S. J. 70 Delbridge, R. 88, 113 Deming, W. E. 23,127 Denman, 1. 29 Department for Education and

Employment 25,27,29,30,31, 32

Dex, S. 170,200,201 Dickens, L. 14 Dickens, R. 17 Dickson, W. J. 148 Ditton, J. 63, 152, 154 Doganis, R. 21 Douglas, M. 157 Dubois, P. 160

Author Index 229

Duncan, S. 20 Duncombe, J. 198

Edwards, P. K. 69,60,61,63,74,75, 160

Edwards, R, 102, 108, 110 Ekman, P. 125 Eldridge, J. 108, 145 Elger, T. 74,75 Employment Gazette 26, 170 Erickson, R. 124, 135, 137 European Commission 185 European Industrial Relations Review

67 Evans, S. 27

Fantasia, R. 151 Featherstone, M. 35 Feige, E. L. 191,194 Felstead, A. 29 Felt, L. F. 190, 200 Ferguson, K. 135 Ferman, L. A. 195 Filby, M. P. 121,134,137,138 Fineman, S. 123 Firth, M. 171 Forbes, I. 169, 185 Form, W. 88 Fox, A. 47,84, 119, 141 Francis, B. 77 Friedman, G. 119 Friedman, A. 108, 149 Fuchs, V. III, 112

Ga\lie, D. 36,38,81, 114, 115, 118 Garrahan, P. 19 Gay, P. 171 Gershuny, J. 49, 190, 194, 198, 199 Ginn, J. 202 Goffee, R. 10 Goffman, E. 125, 195 Goodwin, M. 20 Gorz, A. 50, 51 Gourlay, I. 74 Graaf, A. de 59 Guest, D. 74

Hakim, C. 43 Hales, C. P. 10 Hall, E. 121, 128, 130, 138 Handy, C. 190, 192, 199 Harding, P. 200 Hart, D. 28, 67

Hartmann, H. 95 Harvey, D. 120, 203 Hassard, J. 55 Hearn, J. 173 Henry, N. 32 Hewitt, P. 69 Hill, S. 23 Hill, D. 173 Hochschild, A. R. 6, 121, 122, 124, 125,

129,130,131, 132, 134, 135, 136, 137,138

Hodson, R. 162 Hoffman, R. 157 Hoggert, P. 20 Horrell, S. 72, 94, 198 Hubbuck, J. 171,172 Humphrey, R. 124,125,131,135,136 Hutton, W. 31 Hyman, R. 113, 149

Incomes Data Services 66 Industrial Relations Review and Report

180 Ingram, A. 70 Inland Revenue 192

Jackall, R. 10 Jahoda,M. 46,47,53 James, N. 124,136 Jaques, E. 84 Jenkins, R. 171, 172, 179, 180, 200 Jenson, J. 94, 177 Jewson, N. 29,171,172,180 Johns, G. 61 Jones, T. 172 Joseph Rowntree Foundation 200 Juran, J. M. 23, 127

Keen, S. 67 Keep, E. 23 Kellner, D. 8 Kelly, J. 100, 109 Kerr, C. 111 Kerr, J. 28 Knights, D. Koestler, A. Kreckel, R. Kunda, G. Kusterer, K.

93, 105, 108 83 86

124, 129, 130, 133, 134 82

Labour Research 18, 172 Lacey, N. 195 Lave,1. 82

230 Author/ndex

Lazonick, W. 57 Lee, D. 113 Lee,G. 171 Legge, K. 47,203 Lessor, R. 138 Lewis, A. III Liff, S. 44,174,175,180,181,182 Linhart, R. 104 Linstead, S. 124,128,137,138,157,

159,160 Littler, C. R. 90, 100, 102, 104, 108,

109,119 Lockard, J. S. 130 Lonsdale, S. 173 Lynch, J. J. 126, 128 Lyon, D. 203

MacDonald, R. 193, 196 Macey, M. 184 MacInnes,J. 149 Mahony, A. 70 Mangham, I. L. 125 Mann, B. J. 94, 130, 156, 157 Manwaring, T. 83 Mars, G. 63,64, 130, 152, 153, 154 Marsden, D. 198 Marsh, C. 72 Marx, K. 57,72, 141, 142 Mason, D. 169, 177 Massey, D. 29 Mathewson, S. B. 162 Matthaei, J. 91 Mayo, E. 148 McClelland, K. 60 McCormick, B. J. 60 McDonald, P. 29 McGeevor, P. 17 I McKee, L. 41 McLennan, G. 8 McLoughlin, I. 107, 108 Mead, G. 169, 185 Metcalf, D. 74 Meyer, S. 104 Miles, I. 49 Miles, R. 169 Miller, D. 88 Millward, N. 17,88 Molstad, C. 162 Moorhouse, H. F. 44, 46, 52 More, C. 90 Morgan, G. 100 Morris, L. 198 MOW International Research Team 38,

39,42,43

Mumby, D. 135, 136 Mumford, L. 55

Naylor, K. 26 Neathey, F. 94 Nicholson, N. 59,61 Nicod, M. 130 Nkomo, S. 168 Nolan, P. 74 Noon, M. 88,110,150,170,171,172

O'Higgins, M. 193 Oakland, J. S. 23 Oakley,A. 97,199 Offe, C. 41 Ogbonna, E. 122, 129, 133, 170, 171 Oliver, M. 173 Organisation for Economic Cooperation

and Development 28 Overington, M. A. 125

Pahl, R. 48, 97, 193, 196, 197 Palmer, B. 102 Parekh, B. 184 Parker, G. 202 Parkin, W. 173 Parkin, F. 86 Penn, R. 37,77, III, 114, 116, 118 Peters, T. 127 Phillips, A. 94, 95 Pickard, J. 71 Piore, M. J. 5,35, 112 Polanyi, M. 83 Pollard, S. 58, 59 Pollert, A. 73,92, 104, 113 Pollitt, H. 60 Poor, R. 70 Pringle, R. 136 Prins, R. 59 Prosch, H. 83 Purcell, J. 109 Putnam, L. 135, 136

Radcliffe-Brown, A. 155 Rafaeli, A. 123, 129, 130 Ram, M. 172 Reed, M. 10 Reid, D. A. 58 Rhodes, E. 170 Riemer, J. W. 89 Ritzer, G. 100, 102 Rodgers, D. 40 Roethlisberger, F. J. 148 Rogoff, B. 82

Rolfe, H. 85 Rose, M. 36,37,52,77, 100, 108 Rose, R. 190, 192, 194 Roy, D. 64,65, 147, 158, 159 Rubery, J. 37,72,77, 94 Rubinstein, M. 14

Sabel, C. F. 5,35, 112 Sadler, P. 86 Salaman, G. 108,109 Sayer, A. 29 Sease, R. 10 Scattergood, H. 116 Schein, E. H. 102 Scott,A. 63 Scullion, H. 59,60 160 Sewell, G. 113 Seymour, W. D. 82 Shutt, J. 29 Sinclair, P. R. 190, 200 Singelmann, J. 49 Sloane, P. 70 Smith, C. 113 Smith, D. J. 170 Smith, S. 190, 191, 194, 195 Smith, K. 26 Snyder, M. 123, 125 Sorge, A. 113 Spradley, J. P. 84, 130, 156, 157 Stageman, J. 96 Steiger, T. L. 89 Steinberg, R. J. 94,95 Stopford, J. 20 Sutton, R. I. 123,129, 130 Sweeney, K. 17

Tancred, P. 6 Taylor, B. 94, 95 Taylor, L. 159, 160, 161 Taylor, F. W. 57, 100, 101 Thomas, P. 26 Thomas, J. J. 191, 193, 194 Thomason, G. F. 82-Thompson, P. 8, 105, 108 Thompson, E. P. 57,58,59 Tidd, K. L. 130 Towers, B. 15 Trinczek, R. 70

Author Index

Turner, B. A. Turner, H. A.

Ursell, G. 96

88 87,90

231

Van Maanen, J. Veal, A. J. 51

124,129,130,133,134

Waddington, J. 73 Wajcman, J. 44, 97, 174, 175 Walby, S. 43, 90, 96 Walker, R. 29 Wallace, C. 48 Walton, P. 160, 161 Wareing, A. 68, 71 Warr, P. 42 Waterman, R. H. 127 Watson, T. J. 10, 108, 145 Watson, G. 40,86 Webb, J. 180, 181, 182 Weber, M. 40, 86 Webster, F. 49 Westwood, S. 104, 157, 159, 163 Wetzel, C. G. 130 Wharton, A. 124, 135, 137, 138 Whipp, R. 59 White, M. 36, 38, 63, 72 Whitston, C. 59,60,61, 63, 73, 74, 75 Whittington, R. 29 Wied-Nebbeling, S. 190,191,194,195 Wilkinson, F. 94 Wilkinson, B. 113, 122, 129, 133 Williams, K. 104, 105, 113 Williams, C. 129 Willis, P. 46 Willmott, H. Wilson, D. F. Wilson C. P. Witz,A. 87

105, 108 60,61 157

Wood, S. 83, 104, 108, 113, 120 Woollacott, J. 195 Worrell, D. L. 32 Wouters, C. 135 Wrench, J. 171

Yankelovich, D. 41 Yinger, M. 169 Yuval-Davis, N. 169

Turnbull, P. 7,10, 17,22,23,25,47, 73,134 Zimbalist, A. 108

Turner, L. 20 Zuboff, S. 117,118 Turner, R. 41, 48

Subject Index

alienation and Blauner 144-6 in emotion work 134-5 and Marx 141-3, 145 survival strategies 164-6

absence 59-62 organised 61-2 time discipline 58-9

assembly line 103-5

boredom at work see monotony Braverman, H.

critics 108-11 thesis of deskilling 105-7

British Rail 172, 179

carers (domestic) 201-2 cash-in-hand pay 196 Cathay Pacific 138 Census of Britain 1991 29, 169-70 commitment

to organisation 148, 149, 150 to work 38

Commission for Racial Equality (CRE) 169,178,180,184

competitive environment intensification 20-2 production technologies 23 quality 23-4 strategies 22-3

compulsory competitive tendering (CCT) 18-19, 185

concealed work 189-90, 194-7 measurement problems 191-2 trends 193-4

consent 110, 146-51, 164-6,206-8 Conservative Government policies

'back to basics' 51 benefit fraud 196 benefits 35 'care in the community' 194, 200 deregulation 15-19 equal opportunities 183, 184-5 local authorities 19-20

232

self-employment 27-8 Social Charter 15 trade unions 17, 88

consumption 35, 52 changing patterns 49-50, 126-7 mass 104

control and consent 110, 148-50 and management objectives

109-10,148 strategies: close supervision 58-9,

149; division of labour 101-2, 105-6; responsible autonomy 108, 149; surveillance 133

see also resistance crime 195

see also fiddling culture

societal 49-50, 51; sub-cultures 46,61,88,205-6; see

also joking customer care 45, 121-3, 126-8, 139

deregulation 15-19 deviant work 195 Disability Discrimination Act 1995 179 discretion see skill discrimination

definition 167-8 direct and indirect 179-80 process of 175-7 in recruitment and selection 171-2 in training schemes 170-1 in work 172-3

Disneyland 129, 133 domestic work 197-99

responsibility for 43-4, 97, 198 valuation of 192-3

dramaturgical perspective 125

economy competition 20-4, 127-8, 139 growth 126-7, 139 structure 49-50

Suhject Index 233

EMI 16-17 emotion work

in airlines 122, 130-1, 132, 134, 135, 137-8

and alienation 134-5 in banks 122 and coping strategies 132-4 definitions 123--6 gender implications 136-9 and recruitment 129, 130 in restaurants 130 in supermarkets 121-2, 129, 133 and surveillance 133 and training 130-1 as a performance 125, 131-2

employment protection European influence 14-15 deregulation 15-19 qualifying period 16-17

employment structure gender differences 26, 44, 198-9 location 29 manufacturing and services 24--6 part-time 43-4,26,27,67-8 self-employment 26-8 size of organisations 28-9

empowerment 108 enterprise culture 1, 28 ethnicity 168-70 equal opportunities

'backlash' 183, 184 difference and sameness 173-7,

185--6 liberal perspective 177-82 monitoring 180, 181 positive action 180-2, 185 positive discrimination 182-4 radical perspective 182-4 reactionary perspective 184 UK legislation 177-9

Equal Opportunities Commission (EOC) 178, 184

equal pay legislation 14, 178 escape

and alienation 164 mental withdrawal 163-4 physical withdrawal 60, 163, 164--6 see also absence

estrangement 141-5 Europe

harmonisation ofrights 14-15 minimum wage arrangements 18 Social Charter 15

European Court of Justice 14, 184 extrinsic reward 34-9, 53

Fair Employment Commission 179, 183 Fair Employment (Northern Ireland)

Act 1989 178-9, 180, 183 fairness 167-8,173-7

see also equal opportunities 'false consciousness' 142 feminisation 94 fiddling 151-55, 164--66

time fiddles 63-4 toleration by management 154 typology 152-3

flexibility functional 73-5, 118-20 numerical 66-72

flexible specialisation 112-13, 120 Ford Motor Company 103, 104 Fordism 103-5, 119-20

gender issues carers 201-2 criticism of Braverman 110-11 criticism of Burawoy 151 domestic work 93-4,97, 198 emotion work 136-9 employment 26, 44, 68, 198-9 feminisation 94 job evaluation 94-5 joking 156-7, 159 legislation 178 masculinity 41, 45--6, 92, 158 skill 91-7, 115 stereotypes 137 trade unions 95--6 work centrality 43-4 see also discrimination; equal

opportunities globalisation 113-14, 15,20-4

harassment 173 hidden work

definitions 187-91 measurement problems 191-2 trends 192-4 see also concealed and unrecognised

work holidays 58 hours of work see time: duration human capital theory 80, II 1-12 human resource management . 47 humour see joking

234 Subject Index

illegal activities 187, 189-90, 194-5 individualism 47 infonnal economy see hidden work infonnal regulation 146-8

see also joking; fiddling; sabotage; absence

intensification see time: utilisation intrinsic reward see work ethic;

work values inward investment 19,21,22-3

job evaluation 94-5 joking 155-60, 164-6

as infonnal regulation 155-7 and monotony 158-9 and workplace culture

Johnson, President Lydon just-in-time (JIT) production

158 182

23, 73

labour market see employment; unemployment

labour process contradictions in 148-51 labour power 141, 143 theory \05

leisure 50-1,58 local authorities 19-20

'making out' 146-51,164-6 gender implications 151 see also fiddling time

management objectives \09- \0 prerogative 47, 141 see also control

manufacturing see economy; production

masculinity at work 41,45-6,92, 158 McDonald's 99-100, \02, \05 Meaning of Working (MOW) survey

38-9,42,44 methodological pluralism 7-8 minImum wage 18, 35 monotony 55,64-65,92,158-9,199 morality 51 multinational corporations 15,20-1

nation-state 15 neo-Fordism ,119-20 Nissan· 19 non-declared work 195-7

occupational language 88 objectification 142, 143 objectivity-subjectivity 4

and alienation 140-1, 145-6 and discrimination 175-7 and skill 82, 98 and time 75-6

organisational size 28-9

personality tests 172, 179 post-Fordism 119-20 post-industrial society 49-50,52, 112 postmodemism 8 privatisation 17-18, 185 production

batch JIT

112,113,120 23, 73

104-5, 113 195

mass prostitution public sect,or 17-19

quality 23-4 see also customer care; just-in-time

production

race 168-70 Race Relations Act 1976 178 recruitment and selection

and discrimination 171-2, 179-80 for emotion work 129, 130

redundancy 31-3 resistance 151, 164, 206-8

see also fiddling; sabotage; absence

sabotage 160-3, 164-6 see also resistance

sCientific management see Taylorism selection see recruitment Sex Discrimination Acts 1976/1986

178,179 sexuality at work 137-8 service sector see economy shadow economy see hidden work skill

analytical perspectives 77-9,98 automating and infonnating 117-18 compensatory theory 116 complexity 82-3, 85 conceptual framework 118-20 definitions 77-9 deskilling \05-11,118-20 discretion 84-6, 118-20

Subject Index 235

gender implications 91-7 gender stereotypes 92-5, 137 in the job 82-6 in the person 80-2 polarisation 114-6 in the setting 86-90 social construction 90-1 tacit 83 upskilling 111-14, 118-20

small firms 28-9 social change in economic life initiative

(SCELI) 36,37,81, 114-16 Social Chaner 15 social closure 86, 89-90

see also skill social construction

gender 91-7 race 168-9 skill 90-1

strategic choice 109, 176 stress, emotion work 134-5 subjectivity see objectivity supermarket work 121-2

tax dodging 195-6 Taylorism 100-3 technological determinism, Blauner 146 technology

appropriation by men 96-7 automating and informating 117-18 and deskilling 106-7 tools 88-9 and upskilling 112-13

terms and conditions see employment protection

time arrangement 56-7, 68-72 duration 56-7,65-8 European comparisons 66-7 flexitime 71-2 historical imponance 55, 56, 57-9 intensification 74-5 making and fiddling time 63-4 ovenime 66-7 pan-time 67-8 porosity 72 seasonal hours 70-1 shiftwork 70 structures 47-8, 55 task flexibility 73-4 time and motion 57, 64

time discipline 58-9 utilisation 56-7,72-5 zero hours 68 see also absence

trade unions closed shop 17, 87, 88 industrial action 17, 138 skilled status 87-9, 95-6

training and discrimination 170-1 and skill 22-3, 80-2

unemployment 27,29-31,35,41-2,46, 47-8,53,170,196-7

see also redundancy unitarism 47 unrecognised work 189-90.

measurement problems 192-3 trends 193-4 see also domestic work; voluntary

work

voluntary work 199-202 Volvo 97

wages low pay 43, 17, 18,35 Fair Wages Resolutions 18-19

Wages Act 1986 17 Wages Councils 17 welfare state

benefi t fraud 196 benefits 35, 41 poveny trap 35 see also unemployment

work attitudes reasons for working 34-54 physical versus mental work 45-6,

74-5 unpaid work 46, 50 and unemployment 41-2,47-8,53 see also emotion work; hidden work

work ethic 34,39-54, 142-5 historical roots 40

work values 34, 38, 52-3, 58-9 centrality of work 42-4, 93-4 conscientiousness 45-6 disciplined compliance 47-8 duty to work 41-2 international comparisons 38-9,

42-3