Bibliography

A. General Conditions

The Making, Shaping and Treating of Steel, Publishers: United States Steel Corporation. 7th Edition, Pittsburgh, 1957, XXIII, 104S pages, 4°.

Watkins Cyclopedia of the Steel Industry, Publishers: Steel Publications, Inc., Pittsburgh.

B. I. Fuels

Fuel Efficiency Bulletin, Publishers: Ministry of Fuel and Power (London). Commit­tee on the Efficient Use of Fuel, No. 44. The Operation of Gas Producers. 1946, 32 pages.

BASHFORTH, G. REGINALD: The Manufacture of Iron and Steel. Vol. 3, Steelworks Fuels, Furnaces, Refractories and Instruments. 1960, VIII, 246 pages.

ETHERINGTON, H., and G. ETHERINGTON: Modern Furnace Technology. 3rd Edition, Rev., London: Griffin 1961, XII, 246 pages.

Technical Data on Fuel. Ed. by H. M. SPIERS, 6th Edition, compl. revised. Pub­lishers: The British National Committee, World Power Conference, London 1961, XI, 360 pages, 4°.

Chemical Engineering in the Coal Industry. An International Conference Organized by the National Coal Board, Great Britain, and Held at its Coal Research Estab­lishment at Cheltenham, England, in June 1956. Ed. by FoRBES W. SHAPLEY, London/New York/Paris: Pergamon Press 1956, 141 pages, so.

Construction and Operation of Metallurgical Coke Ovens. Publishers: Unites Nations, Economic Commission for Europe. New York 1965. 76 pages, 4°.

TAGGART, ARTHUR F.: Elements of Ore Dressing, New York, Wiley, London: Chapman & Hall 1951, XVII, 595 pages, so.

Recent Developments in Mineral Dressing. A Symposium arranged by the Institu­tion of Mining and Metallurgy, held on 23rd-25th September, 1952, at the Huxley Building, Imperial College of Science and Technology. Publisher: Institu­tion of Mining and Metallurgy. London 1953, XXVIII, 766 pages, S0 •

B. II. Metallurgical Processes

a) Ore Preparation and Ore Beneficiation b) Ore Reduction

Progress in Mineral Dressing. Transactions of the International Mineral Dressing Congress Stockholm 1957. Sponsored and ed. by Svenska Gruvfi.ireningen and Jernkontoret. Stockholm: Almquvist & Wiksell195S, 754 pages.

Agglomeration. Ed. by WILLIAM A. KNEPPER. Based on an International Sym­posium held in Philadelphia, PA., April12-14, 1961. Sponsored by American Institute of Mining, Metallurgical and Petroleum Engineers, in cooperation with the Society of Mining Engineers. The Metallurgical Society and the Society of Petroleum Engineers. New York/London: Interscience Publishers 1962. XV, 1109 pages.

12 A Liith/Kiinig, Steelworks, 3rd Ed.

180 Bibliography

Ore Mining and Materials Handling. Papers and Discussions from the 47th Iron and Steel Engineers Group Meeting held, with the collaboration of the Chambre Syndicale de la Siderurgie Franc;aise and the Societe Franc;aise de Metallurgie, in Metz, France, on 10-14 June, 1963. S5 pages.

Electric Furnaces. Ed. by C. A. OTTO, London: Newnes 195S, VII, 240 pages, so. FINE, M. M., J.P. HANSEN and NORWOOD B. MELCHER: Prereduced Iron Ore

Pellets: A New Blast Furnace Raw Material. Publishers: U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Mines, Washington, 1962, 19 pages, 4°. Report of Investiga­tions 6152.

Iron Ore Reduction. Proceedings of a Symposium of the Electrothermics and Metallurgy Division of the Electrochemical Society, held in Chicago, 3-5 May, 1960. Sponsored by the Electrochemical Society, New York; Ed. by R. R. RoGERS, OxfordfLondonfNewYork/Paris: Pergamon Press 1962. XV, 359 pages, 4°.

e) Steelworks

JACKSON, A.: Steelmaking for Steelmakers. Publishers: United Steel Companies Ltd., Sheffield 1959. XI, 265 pages, so.

BASHFORTH, G. REGINALD: The Manufacture of Iron and Steel. 3rd Ed., Vol. 2, Steel Production 1964. 479 pages.

Comparison of Steelmaking Processes. Publishers: United Nations, Economic Commission for Europe. New York 1962, VIII, S3 pages, 4°.

European Progress in Pneumatic Steelmaking Methods. COHEUR, Pierre; Metal Progr. S1 (1962) No. 1, p. 100/03 and 133/34.

Basic Open Hearth Steelmaking; by the Physical Chemistry of Steelmaking Committee, Iron and Steel Division, AIME. Ed. by W. 0. PHILBROOK and M. B. BEVER in collaboration with H. B. EMERICK and B. M. LARSEN. 2nd Ed., completely revised and enlarged. New York: American Institute of Mining and Metallurgical Engineers, 1951. XIX, 940 pages, so.

The All-Basic Open-Hearth Furnace. Being also the report of the 36th Steelmaking Conference, held at Ashorne Hill-Leamington Spa, on 2-3 May, 1951. Prepared by the All-Basic Open-Hearth Furnace Sub-Committee, British Ceramic Research Association and British Iron and Steel Research Association. 1952, VI, 92 pages.

LYCHAGIN, A. S.: Open Hearth Furnace Design. (Translated from the Russian.) Published in association with Department of Scientific and Industrial Research. London: Butterworth 1962, IX, 246 pages, 4°.

Basic Open Hearth Steelmaking. With supplement on oxygen in steelmaking. By the Physical Chemistry of Steelmaking Committee, Iron and Steel Division, The Metallurgical Society of AIME. 3rd ed. Ed. by GERHARD DERGE. Publ. by The American Institute of Mining, Metallurgical and Petroleum Engineers. New York 1964, XXII, 1007 pages, so.

WISSMANN, CONRAD C.: Acid Electric Furnace Steelmaking Practice. Cleveland, Ohio: American Society for Metals 1947. S4 pages, S0 •

PASCHKIS, V. and JOHN PERSSON: Industrial Electric Furnaces and Appliances. 2nd ed., New York: Interscience Publishers 1960. XVI, 607 pages, so.

Bibliography 181

Electric Furnace Steelmaking. Vol. 1. 2. Sponsored by: Physical Chemistry of Steel­making Committee, Iron and Steel Division, American Institute of Mining, Metallurgical, and Petroleum Engineers. Ed. by CLARENCE E. SIMS, New York/ London: Interscience Publishers. 8•. Vol. 1. Design, Operation, and Practice. 1962, XV, 404 pages. Vol. 2. Theory and Fundamentals. 1963, XV, 471 pages.

CHARLES, J. A., W. J. B. CHATER and J. L. HARRISON: Oxygen in Iron and Steel Making. London: Butterworth 1956, XII, 309 pages, 8°.

CoHEUR, P.: Pneumatic Processes for Converting. J. Metals 12, 1960, No. 7, pp. 545/47.

TRENTINI, B., P. V AYASSIERE and C. ROEDERER: OLP Steelmaking-Recent Studies and Industrial Progress. J. Metals 13, 1961, No.6, pp. 418/21.

JONES, D. J., A. E. PARSONS and N. MORRIS: LD and LDAC Operating Experience in Britain. J. Metals 15, 1963, No.8, pp. 577/80.

CoLMANT, R. H.: Kaldo Moves Forward. J. Metals 14, 1962, No. 7, pp. 505/08.

d) Finishing Process KOROTKOV, K. P., H. P. MAYOROV, A. A. SKVORTSOV and A. D. AKIMENKO:

The Continuous Casting of Steel in Commercial Use. Trans!. from the Russian by V. ALFORD. Ed. by H. T. PROTHEROE, Oxford: Pergamon Press 1960. 171 pages, 8°.

BoiCHENKO, M. C.: Continuous Casting of Steel. Ed. by G. FENTON. Published in association with the Department of Scientific and Industrial Research, London: Butterworth 1961, XI, 218 pages, 8°.

Continuous Casting of Steel. Report of the proceedings of the Autumn general meeting of the Iron and Steel Institute, held on 25 and 26 Nov., 1964, at London. 1965. 195 pages.

Mechanical Working of Steel. I. Proceedings of the 5th technical conference, spon­sored by the Mechanical Working and Steel Processing Committee of the Iron and Steel Division, The Metallurgical Society and the Pittsburgh Section, American Institute of Mining, Metallurgical and Petroleum Engineers, Pittsburgh, Pa., Jan. 15-16, 1963. Ed. by PHILLIP H. SMITH, New York: Gordon & Breach 1964, VIII, 417 pages, 8°.

Recent Progress in Metal Working. Lectures delivered at the Institution of Metal­lurgists refresher course, Oct. 1963. Publ. for the Institution of Metallurgists, New York: American Elsevier Publ.; London: Iliffe Books 1964. 136 pages, 8°.

BEYNON, Ross E.: Roll Design and Mill Layout. Publ. by the Association of Iron and Steel Engineers. Pittsburgh, 1956, 178 pages, 4°.

PoLUCHIN, P. 1., N. M. FEDOSOV, A. A. KOROLEV and Ju. M. MATVEEV: Rolling Mill Practice. Trans!. from the Russian by NICHOLAS WEINSTEIN. Moscow: Peace Publ. 1960, 510 pages, 4°.

LARKE, EuSTACE C.: The Rolling of Strip, Sheet and Plate; 2nd ed. London: Chapman & Hall1963, XIV, 449 pages, 8°.

B. Ill. Ancillary and Auxiliary Departments MAcQuEEN, A. J. F.: Factors in the Design of a Steel Plant Power System. Iron

Steel Eng. 35, 1958, No. 10, pp. 92/100. STEWART JR., DoNALD: The Power Distribution System of an Integrated Steel

Plant. Iron Steel Eng. 38, 1961, No. 12, pp. 150/55.

182 Bibliography

ZITTEL, T. 0. and Z. A. BIENIULIS: Operational Aspects of Power Provision, Distribution and Utilisation in an Integrated Steel Plant. Iron Steel Eng. 40, 1963, No. 10, pp. 129/36.

Manual on Industrial Water. 4th printing with new and revised methods. Publishers: American Society for Testing Materials. Philadelphia 1957, X, 490 pages, S0 •

Water Economy in Iron and Steelworks. Publ. by the European Productivity Agency of the Organisation for European Economic Co-operation. Paris 195S. 70 pages, 4°.

Glossary of Terms for Producers and Users of Iron Castings. Publishers: The Inter­national Nickel Company. New York (about 1955), 36 pages.

Steel Castings Handbook. 3rd ed. Ed.: CHARLES W. BRIGGS. Publishers: Steel Founders' Society of America. Cleveland, Ohio, 1960, VIII, 670 pages, so.

JOSEPHSON, G. W., F. SILLERS, JR., and D. G. RUNNER: Iron Blast-Furnace Slag. Production, Processing, Properties, and Uses. Publishers: United States Depart­ment of the Interior. Bureau of Mines. Washington, 1949, XIII, 304 pages, so.

NIJHAWAN, B. R.: Research and Development Work on the Utilisation of Metal· lurgical Wastes at the National Metallurgical Laboratory. NML, Techn, J. 6, 1964, No. 1, pp. 50/59.

TRINKS, W.: Calcination or Burning of Limestone. Ind. Heat. 29, 1962, No. 3, pp. 442/46 and 4S.

MIDDLEMAS, J. W.: Calcination of Limestone and the Development of Oil-fired Kilns. J. Inst. Fuel 36, 1963, No. 269, pp. 244/53.

MOXLEY, T. R.: Steel Plant Maintenance Shops. Iron Steel Eng. 18, 1941, No.1, pp. 75/82.

PEARSON, W. J.: Ideal Maintenance Machine Shop Facilities. Iron Steel Eng. 33, 1956, No. 9, pp. 75/80.

Maintenance Engineering Handbook. Publishers: L. C. Morrow. New York, McGraw­Hill1957, so.

WATSON, HAROLD E.: Electrical Maintenance at Pueblo Plant of the Colorado Fuel & Iron Corp. Iron Steel Eng. 34, 1957, No. 6, pp. 104/10.

CORDER, G. G.: Organising Maintenance. Publishers: British Institute of Manage­ment. London 196, VIII, 44 pages, 8°.

STEWART, H. V. M.: Guide to Efficient Maintenance Management. London: Business Publications 1963, X, 157 pages, 8°.

BASHFORTH, G. REGINALD: Mechanical Handling in the Iron and Steel Industry. Brit. Steelmaker 16, 1950, No. 6, pp. 281/92.

KAIDANOWSKY, S. P.: Guide to Materials, Standards and Specifications. Part 2: Iron and Steels. Mater. Design Engineering 47, 1958, No.4, pp. 110/14.

National Steel Specifications. Report of the proceedings of the Annual General Meeting of The Iron and Steel Institute held at The Institute of Civil Engineers, London 1964. 215 pgges.

British Steel Standards. Engineer 218, 1964, No. 5658, pp. 10/11.

MONTORO, J. C.: Use of Models for Layout and Planning. Iron Steel Eng. 31, 1954, No. 9, pp. 154/60.

Bibliography 183

MALLICK, RANDOLPH W., ARMAND T. GAUDREAU: Plant Layout, Planning, and Practice. New York: Wiley & Sons: London; Chapman & Hall (1951). XII, 391 pages, S0 •

Internal Transport in Iron and Steel Works. Publ. by the European Productivity Agency of the Organisation for European Economic Co-operation. Paris (about 1956), 216 pages, 4°.

BASHFORTH, G.: Some Aspects of Melting Shop Management. Brit. Steelmaker 16, 1950, No. 7, pp. 36S/74, No. S, pp. 40S/20, No. 9, pp. 450/55.

YouNG, A. J.: An Introduction to Process Control System Design. London, Longmans, Green, 1955, XVII, 379 pages, so.

Statistical Quality Control. Publ. by the European Productivity Agency of the Organisation for European Economic Co-operation. Paris, 1956, S9 pages, S0 •

ALLAN, DOUGLAS H. W.: Statistical Quality Control. An introduction for manage­ment. New York: Reinhold, London: Chapman & Hall1959, 129 pages, so.

LAWRENCE, A. E.: Production Planning for an Integrated Steel Plant. Iron Steel Eng. 37, 1960, No.5, pp. 133/39.

C. The Planning of Iron and Steelworks

D. Investment Costs E. Profitability

ALFORT, L. P., and JOHN R. BANS: Production Handbook, New York, Ronald Press Company 194S, IX, 1676 pages, so.

BODDINGTON, H.: An Architect's Approach to the Design and Layout of Modern Iron and Steel Works. Iron Coal Trades Rev. 168, 1954, No. 4474, pp. 83, No. 4475, pp. 131/38.

Mosso, A. J.: Cost Estimating - Metal Working Plants. Iron Steel Eng. 36, 1956, No. 9, pp. 87/99.

BRISBY, M.D. J., P.M. WORTHINGTON and R. J. ANDERSON: Economics of Process Selection in the Iron and Steel Industry. J. Iron Steel Ind. 202, 1964, No. 9, pp. 721/34, cf. Iron & Steel 37, 1964, No. 6, pp. 255/61.

The Steel Development Plan in Action No. 18; The Steel Company of Wales Limited. Iron Coal Trades Rev. 159, 1949, No. 4255, pp. 100/10 and 119.

KNIGHT HAROLD A.: Plan for East Coast Steel Plant. J. Metals 1, 1949, No. 2, pp. 6/9.

MARDON, H. H., and J. S. TERRINGTON: The Layout of Integrated Iron and Steel­works. J. Iron Steel Inst. 161, 1949, No.4, pp. 327/59, cf. Iron Coal Trades Rev. 159, 1949, No. 4255A, pp. 37/38.

ATKINS, W. S. A.: New Steelworks. Port Talbot - Planning and Design. Engineer, London 189, 1950, No. 4915, pp. 417/19.

McQUAID, H. W.: Small Steel Mills for Local Markets. Iron Age 165, 1950, No. 14, pp. 90/94.

Britain's Newest Steelworks Opened. Steel Company of Wales Project Materialises. Metallurgia, Manchester, 44, 1951; No. 262, pp. 63068.

184 Bibliography

The Works of the Steel Company of Wales IfVII. Engineer, London, 192, 1951; No. 4997, pp. 554/56, No. 4998, pp. 583/85, No. 4999, pp. 620/21, No. 5000, pp. 649/52, No. 5001, pp. 690/91, No. 5002, pp. 720/22, No. 5003, pp. 756/59.

KESTERTON, A. J.: Some Starting and Operating Experiences at Abbey Melting Shop. J. Iron Steel Inst. 179, 1955; No. 1, pp. 46/57.

Construction at Spencer Works. Engineer 214, 1962; No. 5563, pp. 405/10.

CARTWRIGHT, W. F.: The Steel Company of Wales Limited- Its Development to Date. Iron Steel Engineer. 40, 1963; No.5, pp. 69/96.

Index

Abbreviations 178 Acid smelting 50 Agricultural land 16 AlB 28,30 Air pollution control11, 16, 76 -traffic 10 Alabama5 Alkali plants 99 Alkalies 12, 13 Alsace Lorraine 5 Alumina 12, 13, 25 AMCO 109 Ancillary and auxiliary departments

112, 165 Annealing furnaces 111 API tubes 104/105 Arc furnaces 54 -welding 106 Argentine 4 Arsenic hydride 13 Astier 153 Atomic power stations 59 Automatic mills 103 Auxiliary materials 143

HADING 70 Basic Bessemer steelworks 69, 158 - slag plant 71 Batter, blast-furnace stack 42 Belgium 19 Ball-and-hopper systems 43 Belt charging systems 43 Bessemer converter 63 Bibliography 179-184 Blast and gas pipes 48 Blast furnace 13, 23, 39, 41, 43 - - blowers 45 - - capacities 41

Blust furnace coke 116 (Table 7) - - cooling systems 43 - - gas 22, 113, 115, 116 (Table 7),

117, 120 - - - balance 23 - - investment costs 155 - - operations 51 --plant 154 - - profile 42 - - ratings 51 --slag 135 --stack 42 - pressure 44 - temperature 44 - tuyeres 44 -volume 44 Blooming mills 89 Blower boiler house 47 Blowers 45, 70 Blowing equipment 47 -oxygen process 72, 143 Blown steel process 69 BOF see "oxygen process" BOHNE 28 Boiler tubes 104/105 Boudouard 33 Bow-type casting machines 79, 80 Box annealing furnaces 111 BRASSERT 25, 30, 31, 69 Brazil4 Bremen 6 Briquetting 32, 36 Bucket-charging 42 Building materials 135 Building investment cost 164 "Burgers" furnace 43 By-products recovery plant 21

186 Index

Carburising fuels 62 Cash flow 171 Cast steel ingot moulds 129 Casting bay 72 Casting machines for pigs 49 Cement works 2 Charging installation selection 42 Chemical works 16 Chlorides 13 Circulation water 125 Closed type 59 Coal blending and crushing plant 20 - storage tower 20 CoHNEN 68 Coke breeze 22 - lump size 22 -ovens 20 - oven gas 24, 61, 62, 116 (Table 7) --plant 23 - quenching plant 21 - ratio per ton pig iron 23 - small22 Coking plant 13, 16, 19 Cold coke-oven gas 62 - rolling mill 96 Combination slab-plate mill90 Combined strip heavy medium plate

mill95 -wide strip and heavy plate mill92 - - - (Steckel) and heavy medium

plate mill 94 Commissioning 149, 150, 151 Compressor plant 21 Concentrate 26 Concentrated roasted ore 29 Consulting firm 148 Continuous annealing furnaces 97, 111 - casting 79, 80 - - cooling water consumption 81 - - machines 79 --plant 85 - - power requirement 81 - mill104f105 - strip annealing furnace 97 - tube mill 105 Continuously cast blooms 85 Conversion tables and factors 173

Converters 69 Converter capacities 74 -gas 78 Conveyor belt charging systems 43 Cooling scrap 73 -towers 125 - water supplies 43 Coordination plans 149 Corby 5, 25 Cowper stoves 45, 120, 122 Crane runway width 137 Cupola furnace 67

DEMAG-Elektrometallurgie 64 Demurrage 8 Dense tarry smoke 13 Desulphurisation plant 71 DICK 70 DIDIER 20 Dillingen 43 "Dingler" process 47, 53 Direct reduction 32 - - processes 37 --- DLM39 --- ELKEM39 --- Fior36 - - - HYL 33, 37, 39 - - - Purofer 35 - - - rotary kiln 40 - - - SL-RN 32, 37, 39 - - using solid fuels or oil 37 "DLM" process 39 Dogger 25 Dolomite plant 72 Domestic market 141 - production 4 Dressing (ore dressing) 25 Drinking water 128 Dry galvanising 101 -process (ore dressing) 28 - quenching 21 Diidelingen 46 Dunkirk 43 DURRER72 Dust 11, 13 -collecting equipment 76 --plant 78 - - systems 78

Index

Dust 11, 13 -volumes 15 Dwight-Lloyd 28

Economy department 132 ECSC = European Coal and Steel Com-

munity 6, 20 Egypt 4 Electric arc furnaces 65 - furnaces 59 - pig iron furnaces 54, 59 - reduction furnaces 39, 54 - steelworks 64, 157 - turbo blowers 46 -welded tubes (cold shaped) 106 Electrically heated soaking pits 110 Electrolytic cleaning lines 98 -galvanising 100 - tinning lines 99 Electrostatic precipitation 47 Elektrokemisk 39 Elga 47 "ELKEM" prereduction process 39 Elongation mill105 -press 105 - process 103 Energy 112 - department 120, 132 England 6 Enrichment of gas 120, 121, 122 Erhardt press 103, 104 Erzberg, Styrian 44 Erzbergbau Salzgitter AG 26 Europe 7 European Coal and Steel Community =

ECSC 6, 20 Exports 4, 141 Extrusion press 104, 105

Feasibility study 141 Fe yield 29 Fertiliser factories 2 "Ferrostan" process 99 Final planning 147 Fine ores 28 Finishing processes 79 "Fior" process 36

First aid facilities 138 Flow diagrams 148 Forging hammers and presses 111 Foundry 129, 136 Franconian Dogger ore 28 Freight bases of Dortmund,

Oberhausen 9 "Fretz-Moon" process 107 "Friedrich" furnace 60 Fuels 19, 115 Fuel consumption rates 64 - distribution 121 - oil24 - - injection 42 Fully continuous mill91, 92 - - wide strip mill 90 Furnace roof 61 Furnaces, annealing 111 -,arc 64 -,blast 13, 23, 39, 41, 43 -,box annealing 111 -, "Burgers" 43 -, continuous strip annealing 97 -, electric 59 -, - pig iron 54, 59 -, -reduction 39, 54 -, "Friedrich" 60 -,forging 112 -,high-frequency 65 -, hood annealing 97 -,low-shaft 52, 54 -, "Maerz" 60 -,"Moll" 60 -, one-way fired 112 -, open-hearth 59, 60 -,-type 58 -, premelting 67 -, pusher type 90, 110 -,rolling mill107 -,shaft 31 -,slag from open hearth 131 -,small blast 53 -, - open hearth 63 -,standard low-shaft electric 39 -, walking beam 111

Galvanising lines 100 Gangue 66

187

188

Gases 22 Gas and water pipes 104/105 -, balance 23 -, calorific value 23 -, cleaning 4 7 -, coke-oven 24, 62 -, natural4, 6, 24, 61, 62 -, producer 62 -, reduction process 33 - - -, ESSO-Fior 36 -- -, Fior 36 -- -,HYL33 - - -, Purofer 35 -, suppliers 115 -, supply system 115 -,turbo-blower 23, 46 -, volume per ton of pig iron 23 -,welded tubes (hot shaped) 107 -,yield per ton of coke 23 Gasometers 48 General conditions 2 Genoa 6 Germany 62 GLEICHMANN 30 Global responsibility 149 GOLTZ 26,29 Granules 32 Grate-kiln 31 Great Britain 62 Greenawalt 28 Green pellets 31 Ground water 127 GUTHMANN 48

HALBERG-BETH 47 Half-gas furnaces 19 "Halogen" plants 99 HARNISCH 126 Hearth diameter 41 Hearth loads 51 Heat economy 120 - - department 132 - requirement 115 Heavy and medium plate mills 89 -fuel oil61 -ingots 85 - sections 82 HELLBRUGGE 72

Index

HEROULT 64 High alloy steels 65 - frequency furnace 65 - -resistance welding 106 - grade gas 59 - -steels 83 HOFMANN 53 Hoists inclined and vertical 42, 43 Hollow bodies, continuously-cast, for

tubes 79 Hood annealing furnace 97 Hospital138 Hot blast stoves 45 - cooling system 126 Hot-dip galvanising 100 - - - of sheet 101 - metal mixers 59, 70 - wide strip mills 163 Housing estates 139 HYL process 33, 41

ljmuiden 6 Ilgner 87 Imports 3, 4, 141 Indigenous raw materials 3, 141 Induction welding 106 Ingots 84 Inland waterways 9 Instrumentation 134 Internal transport 133 Investment costs 141, 145, 152 - -, auxiliary and ancillary depart-

ments 165 - -,basic Bessemer steelworks 72, 158 - -,blast furnace 154, 155 - -, buildings 164 - -,coking plant 153 - -,cold wide strip mill163 - -,combined strip-heavy/medium

plate mill 94 - -, continuous casting plant 81 - -,electric steelworks 157 - -, gasometers 49 - -,general departments 166 - -,heavy/medium plate mill 94 - -,integrated iron and steelworks

165, 167, 168 - -, OH steelworks 68, 156, 157

Index 189

Investment costs 141, 145, 152 - -, ore preparation and beneficiation

plant 153 - -,ore reduction 154 - -.power station 164 - -, premelting plant 68 - -, rolling mills 160, 161 - -,Steckel mills 94 - -,steelworks 156 - -,top-blowing oxygen steel works

159 Italy 5, 62

JAKOB! 68

"Kaldo" process 79, 170 KALLING 79 KARBER46 K!NTZINGER 25, 30 KNUPPEL 70 Koppers USA 20, 39 "Ko-We" process 53 Krivoi Rog 5 Krupp-Renn process 38 KUHN 61 Kusnezk 6

J,abour market 10 Ladles must 59, 60 "La Mont" hot cooling system 78, 126 LARDY 126 Large scale tests 147 "Lauth" mills 89 Layout plans 148 LD-AC 73, 160, 170 LD plant see "oxygen steelworks" LD process - see "oxygen process" LENNINGS 25, 50 Light sections 82 - section mills 88, 161 Lime13 - kilns 13, 130 Limestone 12 -quarries 134 Line pipe 104/105 Linings of blast furnaces 43 LOFTUS 109 Long-distance gas 21 Low-shaft furnace 52, 54

Lubeck 6 LuTH 48, 53, 101, 120 LUTH-GUTHMANN 107 Luminous flame 62 Lump size, blast furnace coke 41 Lurgi 37,47 Luxembourg 5

"Maerz" furnace 60 Magnitogorsk 5 Main contractor 147 Maintenance shop 131 Make-up water 124 Market requirement 142 Material supplies 134 Measuring and control systems 49 -instruments 134 Mechanisation 83 Medium sections 82 - strip mills 91 "Mesabi" ore 25 Metal yield 29 Metallurgical processes 24 Mexico 7 MEYER70 Mills, blooming 85, 87, 89 -, cold rolling 96 -,combination slab-plate 90 -,combined strip-heavy/medium

plate 94 -,continuous tube 105 -, finishing 84 -,hot wide strip 163 -,heavy medium plate 94 -,-rails 87 -, -section 87 -,Lauth 89 -,light section 85, 88, 161 -, Mannesmann-Stiefel 103, 105,

104/105 -,medium sections 87 -,modern, plate 89 -,Pilger (rotary forging process) 103 -,planetary 95 -,plates 89 -, Platzer 95 -, rolling 13, 23, 81, 160 -,semi-continuous, sheet 91

190 Index

Mills, semi-finished products 86 -, - fully-continuous, wide strip 90, 91 -, Sendzimir 95 -,sheet 90 -, skin-pass 97 -, slabbing 85, 89 -, Steckel92, 93, 94 -,stretch reducing 105 -, strip 91, 92, 94 -,tube rolling 162 -,wide strip 92 -, wire rod 88 Mining subsidence 16 Minette 25 Mixers, hot-metal 59, 70 MKW stands 97 Mondeville 6 "Moll" furnace 60 Motorways 10 Mould shop 72 MULLER, HUBERT 84

Narrow strip mills 91 National economic conditions 3 Natural gas 4, 6, 24, 62 Natural gas resources 62 Natural lakes and dams 127 Near East 7 Netherlands 62 NEUMANN 26, 29 Non-tilting converters 75 North American Lakes 6 Northern countries 5 Norway 6

OH steelworks investment costs 157 Oil4, 62 - firing systems 62 - injection 42 OLP process 68, 73 One crane runway width 137 One-way fired soaking pits 109 Open hearth furnace 59, 60 ---fuels 61 - - steelworks 60, 63, 156 - type furnace 58 Operating capital150

Ore beds 31 - beneficiation 25, 153 - dressing 25 - preparation 25, 153 - - plant 13, 153 - reduction 32, 154 OTTO 20 Outside transport 132 Oval casting machines 79, 80 Oxelosund 6 Oxygen 62, 70, 96 -costs 76 - enriched blast 50 - plant 50, 75, 160 - process 72, 73 - steelworks 72, 73, 74 -top-blowing process- see "oxygen,

and process" -volume {in open hearth furnace) 62

PASCHKE 53 Pelletising plant 28, 31 - -, grate-kiln 31 PFENNINGER 46 Phosphoric acid 12, 13 Pickling plant 95 Piercing presses 103, 105, 104/105 Pig casting machines 49 Pig-iron- ore process 68 Pig-iron - scrap process 67 Pilger mills 103, 104/105 Planetary mill 95 Planning of iron and steelworks 141 Plant location 5, 7 Plate mills 89 -, sheet and strip mills 89 Platzer mills 95 Plug mills 104/105 Political borders 17 POPPE 126 POTTGIESSER 70 Power and energy 112 - consumption 65 - - of electric pig iron furnaces 58 - - values for electric smelting opera-

tions 55 - distribution 114

Index 191

Power and energy 112 - station 13, 16, 112, 164 - -, atomic 59 - - capacity 114 Precision steel tubes 107 Preliminary planning 14 7 Premelting furnace 68 -plant 67 Prereduction 39 Prereduced burden 58 Press piercing 102, 103, 104 Pressing of cooled sponge iron powder 36 Process, Dingler 53 -, ELKEM39 -,direct reduction 32 -,DLM40 -, Fior 36 -,gas reduction 33 -, HYL 33 -, Ko-We 53 -,oxygen blowing steel69 -,-top blowing 69 -, prereduction 39 -, Purofer 35 -, SL-RN 32, 37, 39 -, Strategic-Udy 39 Processes 144 Processing industry 2 - of sponge iron 65 Producer gas 62 Production costs 141, 145 -programme 141, 144 -rate 172 Profiles, blast furnace 42 Profitability 141, 145, 171 - estimation 18 - of power stations 112 Property administration 139 "Purofer" process 35 Push bench process 104, 105, 104/105 Pusher type furnaces 90, 110

Quenching plant 21

Radiators 130 Rails 82 Raw materials 143, 169 - - deposits 4, 5

Rectifier 87 Reduction process, direct 32 --, DLl\139 - -,ELKEM39 - -, Fior36 --,gas 33 - -, HYL 33, 37,39 --, Ko-We53 - -, Krupp-Renn 38 - -, Purofer 35 - -, SL-RN 32, 37, 39 - -, Strategic-Udy 39

Reeling mill103, 104/105 Refractory bricks 135 Regulators 134 REICHE, von 25 Reichswerke Salzgitter 69 Reinforcing bar 82 Repair shop 131 Requirement of iron and steel products 4 Resistance welding 106 - - of overlapped edges 106 Rhodesia 6 Rich gases 24 - ore burden 41 RICHTER68 RICHTER-BROHM 72 Rimming steels 80 Rivers 127 RN process 37 Robins 31 ROCHLING25 RODENHAUSER 64 Roll casting 129 ROLL, von 68 Rolling mills - 13, 23, 81, 89, 160 - see

also "mills" - - furnace 107 - - investment costs 161 - programme 81 Rotary furnaces 104, 105 - kiln process 39, 40 - piercing process 102 Round converters 69 Ruhr district 6, 19 Run-of-mine ore 41

192 Index

Russia, 5, 79 80 Ruths accumulator 78

Saarland 19, 43 Salem Engineering Company 109 Salzgitter 5, 13, 25 SCHAFF 164 SCHWINDT 53 Scrap - pig-iron process 67 Sea transport 9 Seamless tubes 101 Semi-continuous wide strip mills 90, 92 Sendzimir mill 95, 97 SENFTER 25, 112 SENGFELDER 29 Shaft furnace 31 Shearing line 98 Sheet and strip process 95 -mills 90 Siegerland 90 Siemens & Halske 64 Silesia 19 Silica 12, 13 Silicon 13 Simultaneity factor 74 Single purpose heavy medium plate

mill95 - - Steckel mill 94 Sinter 29 Sintering plant 28, 30 - strands 28, 31 Si02 removal 29 Sizes, converters 74 Sizing mill104/105 Skin-effect 106 Skin pass mill 97 Skip charging 42, 43 Slab 84 Slabbing mill 89 Slag from basic Bessemer converters 131 - -open hearth furnace 131 - pockets 61 - utilisation 50, 130 - volumes 42, 66 Slitting lines 98 SL-RN process 32, 37, 39 Small blast furnaces 53 - open hearth furnaces 63

so2 13 Soaking pits 90, 107 - - one-way fired 109 - - two-way fired 109 Social institutions 138 Solid fuels 19 Soot 13 South America 5 Soviet Union 5, 79, 80 Special tubes 104/105 Speed in continuous strip annealing

furnaces 97 - - shearing, slitting, electric clean­

ing, tinning, and galvanising lines 98, 99, 100

Sponge iron 65, 66 Standard blast furnace blowers 46 Standardisation 136 Standardised voltages 114 Standard low-shaft electric furnace 39 Steag 164 Steckel mills 92, 93, 94 Steel casting foundry 63 Steel Company of Canada 37 Steelworks 13, 23, 59, 156 Stein-Roubaix 64 Stettin 6 Stiefel mill104, 105 STILL 20 Stone quarries 135 Stopper-rod ladles 81 "Strategic Udy" process 39 Stretch reducing mills 104/105, 105, 107 Stretcher strain marks 97 Strip mills 91 Strip processing lines 95 Strip speeds 99, 100, 101 Studiengesellschaft fiir Doggererze 25

Styria 5 Styrian Erzberg 44 Sulphurous acid 12 Supply organisations 138 "Swedish" process 103 Synthetic pig iron 68

Taconite 28 Taphole guns 44

Tap-to-tap time 74, 80 Taranto 73 Technical fundamentals 19 Temperature of the cooling water 43 Theisen 47 "Thermatool" process 106 Three-high Lauth stand 89 Tilting furnace 60 Tinning lines 99 Top-blowing oxygen process 72, 159 - - - steelworks 159 - gas evacuation 43 Tower pickling process 96 Training of personnel148 Transport 132 Transportation facilities 7 Tube extrusion press 104/105 - manufacturing process 101 - rolling mill162 -welding machine 104/105 Tubes, boiler 104/105 -, seamless 102 -,welded 106, 107 Tundishes 80 Turbo blowers, electric 46 - -, gas46 - -, steam46 Turkey 4 Twin drive 87 Two-high reversing stands 89 Two-way soaking pits 110 Types of dust 13

Ultra-hot blast 45 Upper Silesia 19 USA 6, 25, 62, 73, 80 USINOR43 USSR 5, 79, 80

Index

Venezuela 6 Venturi-type cooling towers 125 VOIGT 68

WAGNER25 Wales 19 Walking beam furnaces 111 Waste gas 11, 13 -water 128 Water balance 124 - circulation and cooling 123 - cleaning and treatment 126 - consumption 124 (Table 10)

193

-distribution within the works 128 - drinking 128 - make-up 124 - quality 126 - sources 126, 127 - supplies 122 - transport 7 Waterways 9 Welded tubes 101 Welding plant 104/105 Western Europe 80 Wet galvanising 101 - process (ore dressing) 25 Wide strip mills 91, 92 Wire rod 82 --mills 88 Working capital171 Works capacity 143 - fire service 138 - harbours 133 - locomotives 133 - management 150, 151 - police organisation 138 - roadways 133 World Bank 142

Zschokke 47