bfwd monthly magazine - june 2015
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Balochistan Forest and Wildlife Department Monthly Magazine - June 2015TRANSCRIPT
June 2015 Volume—4 Balochistan Forest & Wildlife
Department Monthly Magazine
Volume 4 June 2015
Assalam o Alekum,
Dear fellows, as you can see with the each new edition of BFWD Monthly Magazine new information about the Forests and Wildlife of Balochistan is
being received. It is not limited to a particular area rather it outspreads to
whole area of the province. Yet, there is dire need of partaking from each dis-
trict of the province.
The BFWD Monthly Magazine team is hopeful and determined that each and
everyone of you will participate fully in making this magazine the voice of
the Forest and Wildlife Department of Balochistan.
The fellows from the rest of the provinces are also welcome who can share
their knowledge about the Forests and Wildlife.
With Best Regards
Naeem Javid Muhammad Hassani
Chief Editor
BFWD Monthly Magazine
June 2015
Welcome Note 03 Prophet Mohammed A Pioneer of the Environment 05 Coasts of Balochistan 08 A short report of District Musa Khail 15 Cape Hare 18 Killa Saifulla Part—II 22 Olea ferrugenia 26 Climatic Issues of Pakistan 28 Green Activities around Awaran 32 Your Photos 35
MON TUE WED THU FRI SAT SUN
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
8 9 10 11 12 13 14
15 16 17 18 19 20 21
22 23 24 25 26 27 28
29 30
June 2015
Table of Contents
(pbuh) has also been con-
cerned with the environment
and its protection, and he has
left behind, if
you will,
“ecological sun-
nah (practices of
the Prophet).”
This phrase re-
fers to the love
the Prophet had
for the living
beings and na-
ture, his verbal
teachings con-
cerning their
protection as well
as his acts in line
with this motiva-
tion. The hadith
(sayings of the
Prophet) sources
examined in this
context reveal
many direct and
indirect hadiths
related to the field.
O ne of the most threat-
ening problems of the
present day doubtlessly con-
cerns the envi-
ronment. The
world up to this
day has never
experienced an
environmental
problem at such
a comprehensive
level. At its cen-
ter resides the
human element
that owns the
potential to pro-
tect it. It is a
religious and
national duty to
try to leave a
better environ-
ment for the next
generations. In
this context,
Islam has priori-
tized and
preached the protection of the
environment.
Through the course of his
life, Prophet Muhammad
Prophet Muhammad (PBUH)
A Pioneer of the Environment
Ecological Sunnah
may do ablution with that
water later” (Bukhara,
“Vudu” B.68; Muslim,
“Taharat” H.No: 95-96).
These hadiths contain many
warnings against the pollu-
tion of rivers and seas. There
are distinctive provisions
admonishing urination in
waterlines, under fruit trees,
on roads and in places that
people rested and keeping
animals at a distance from the
wells. It is even stated that
these acts are actually forbid-
den in Islam. The hadiths
point to the need to keep the
masjids clean, not to urinate
by the water sources, river
sides and stagnant water;
“Any of you shall not urinate
in dead water because they
BFWD Monthly Magazine
Admonitions
June 2015
Volume 4
Greening and Afforestation
Rewards of Planting
for a little money “((Bukhara,
"Ijara" B.2; Ibn Maja, "Tijârât"
B.5). Moreover, the
Prophet owned
many animals
(horse, sheep, goat,
etc.), orchards and
gardens in later
parts of his life.
Therefore, the
Prophet displayed
some exemplary
behavior in the
greening and affor-
esting of the envi-
ronment.
The Prophet had been closely
involved with the environment
and nature ever
since he was a
child. He ex-
plains that he
used to be a
shepherd like
other prophets:
“When the
Prophet said
‘Allah did not
send a prophet
who did not
herd cattle,’ the
Companions
said: “The Messenger of Allah,
have you also herded cattle?”
He replied: “Yes, indeed I
have herded sheep of Meccans
First Protected Area
One of his greatest efforts in
this context was to afforest
an area called “Zuraybu’t
Taweel,” where he an-
nounced: “Whoever cuts a
tree here should plant a new
tree instead.” Together with
this regulation the area short-
ly turned into a forest. The
Prophet also declared an area
of 12 mile distance from the
center of Medina as haram
(forbidden by religion) and
also prohibited the cutting of
trees and the killing of ani-
mals within its borders.
(Ahmad b.Hanbal, Musnad, V,
415.)
“Whoever plants a tree and
diligently looks after it until it
matures and bears fruit is re-
warded,”
(Ahmad b.Hanbal, Musnad,
IV, 61, 374)
“Whoever plants a tree and it
matures, Allah plants a tree in
paradise for that person.”
(Ahmad b.Hanbal, Musnad,
IV, 61).
The existence of many hadiths
that encourage the greening
and afforesting of the environ-
ment clearly reflects the
Prophet’s concern thereof.
“If a Muslim plants a tree or
grow grains and a bird, a per-
son or an animal eats from it
will be counted as a charity for
him.”
(Bukhara, "al-Khars ve'l-
Muzara", Muslim, "Musakaat",
H. No: 12).
“If any of you have a date
sapling on the doomsday he
should plant it -if possible.”
(Bukhara, Edebu'l-mufred,
(thk., Halid Abdurrahman), p.
138, Daru'l-Ma'rife, Beirut,
1966). The aim here is to make
people understand the im-
portance of planting trees.
“Whoever plants a tree is re-
warded by Allah as much as
the produce grown in that
tree.”
Prophet Muhammad(PBUH)
A Pioneer of the Environment
Page 6
Saying of Prophet (PBUH)
“Whoever cuts a tree here
should plant a new tree
instead.”
Greatest Environmentalist
Treating animals in a humane
manner and abandoning tradi-
tions that harm them is an
irrefutable precondition of
being civilized. As the greatest
environmentalist, Prophet
Muhammad had affirmative
practices in relation to the
environment throughout his
life. At the root of the hadiths
which are related to the
environment lie sensitiv-
ity for nature and a con-
sciousness to protect it.
Love for all Livings
we should be merciful not only
to humans but also to other
The Prophet also emphasized
the role of love in treating the
environment with care and
affection. He has expressed his
love for Mountain Uhud as:
“This is a mount which likes
us; we also love it.” (Bukhara,
“Meghazi”, B. 27).
(Ahmad b.Hanbal, Musnad,
IV, 61).
Without making any differenti-
ation Islam has preached the
equal responsibility of human
beings to all living creatures.
Just as important as the human
rights, it is crucial to observe
the rights of the animals. A
person has the obligation to
show compassion and mercy
to other living beings.
“Allah the Merciful mercy the
merciful. Be merciful to those
on the earth so that those in
the heavens mercy you.”
(Tirmizi, “Birr”: B.16).
“...Those who are not merciful
will not be get mercy...”
...” (Bukhara, “Edeb” B. 18;
Muslim, “Fedail” H.No: 65).
These two hadiths show that
Rights of Animals
and to treat their cubs with
compassion. Considering even
a cat as a family member, he
stated that every good deed
concerning an animal would
be rewarded.
The Prophet has prohibited
practices against animals such
as hitting them, practicing
shooting by targeting them,
inciting them to fight, hunting
for fun, and using a slingshot
to hunt them. It is mentioned
in hadiths that the humans will
be accounted for their bad
treatment of animals.
By saying, “Allah will ask
those who kill a sparrow un-
fairly on the day of judg-
ment.” (Muslim, “Sayd”
H.No:57) the Prophet asked
people not to torture animals.
He forbade cauterizing and
cursing animals, ruining bird
nests, and removing chicks
from their nest. He also want-
ed people to keep domestic
animals and their sheds clean
Page 7
The Prophet (SAWW)
has prohibited hunting
for fun.
W henever someone say ‘Baluchistan’, an image that comes in a mind is
basically a desert, camels, and nothing else. But once you would see
these beaches of Balochistan, you would visualize this province a very different
way next time. These naturally preserved beaches, look so beautiful and
mesmerizing. Next time, when you would visit deserts of Balochistan, do visit
these beaches. Some of these beaches are just near deserts and it gives an
amazing extravaganza when you see desert and ocean side by side.
BFWD Monthly Magazine
Coasts of Balochistan June 2015
Gwadar Beach
By
Sadia Khan Tunio
Page 9 Coasts of Balochistan
Jiwani Beach, Gwadar
Pishukan Beach, Gwadar
Pasni Gwadar
Tahsil Beach, Gwadar
Page 10 Coasts of Balochistan
Paddi Zirr (West Bay) Beach Gwadar
Ormara, Gwadar
Astola Island or Jazeera Haft Talaar
(Pic courtesy: Sir Aziz Ahmad Jamali)
Beach on Astola Island Pic Courtesy: Sir Aziz Ahmad Jamali
Page 11 Coasts of Balochistan
Sunset at West Bay Gwadar
Golden Beach, Hingol National Park
Kundmalir Beach, Hingol National Park
Kundmalir Beach, Hingol National Park
Page 12 Coasts of Balochistan
Sonmiani, Lasbela District
Lasbela Beach
Gaddani Beach, Lasbela Pic Courtesy: Ovais Akbar Divisional Forest Of-ficer
Daaran beach –
Green Turtles Nesting Ground
Phone: +923337830960
Fax: 0838-710381
Email: [email protected]
Endeavor to protect
Forests and Wildlife.
BFWD Monthly Magazine
Golden Beach
Hingol National Park
Pic By: Naeem Javid M. Hassani
The areas of Droog,
Anderpur, Girgoji, Nath,
Kiwan, Takki Essot, Zimri
Plasins, Karkana, Toisar,
Tangisar, Laishah, Kingri,
Sirti Tak and Laof are the
places with some wonder-
ful dense Forests.
M usakhel is
located from
30 -17 to 31 -28 north
latitudes and from 69 -
28 to 70 -15 east longi-
tudes. It is bounded on the
North by the Dera Ismail
Khan District, on the East
by the Dera Ghazi Khan
district, on the South by
the Barkhan District, and
on the West by the narrow
strips
of Loralai and Zhob
Districts. Total area of the
District is 5,727
square Kilometers.
District Musa Khail is only
second to District Ziarat in
the province with highest
Forest cover of wonderful
Forests with highly valua-
ble species e.g. Zaytoon
( Olea ferruginea), Phulai
(Acacia modesta) and Ber
(Zizyphus nummularia).
Introduction
Do you know?
Musa Khail is
highly renowned
for its block plan-
tation of Eucalyp-
tus.
BFWD Monthly Magazine
June 2015
Volume 4
En route to Tehsil Droog District MusaKhail
Saeed Ahmed Dummar Divisional Forest Officer
The Forests have reserve
species with very im-
portant and rich Wildlife.
The District is place of
high interest for the for-
eign and hunters from the
others Provinces.
plantations may be seen in
various areas of the dis-
trict. During the last dec-
ade many block plantations
have been raised especially
in the tenure of M.
Zulfiqar and Nasrullah
Khan Mandokhel in their
respect stint as DFO at
Musa Khail. Still there is a
huge demand among the
people of the district for
Eucalyptus for the same
Musa Khail is highly re-
nowned for its block plan-
tation of Eucalyptus and
some highly successful
type of plantation done on
the land of various Farm-
ers.
Irrespective of the propa-
ganda- Eucalyptus being
damaging to agricultural
land, the people of Musa
Khail prefer the plantation
of Eucalyptus and Popular
than any other species.
Block Plantations
control illegal movement
of wood and wildlife. It is
also imperative to mention
the number of staff is too
very less i.e. only 12 For-
est Guards and Six Game
Watchers in the district
which has let to increase in
the cutting of precious
trees and wild fauna.
Problems and recommendations
In the recent years massive
cutting and hunting is re-
ported in the said area if
the status quo remained
continue for some more
years there is a fear and we
are at a risk of being de-
prived of some very valua-
ble Forests and ecosys-
tems. It is very humbly
suggested at least Four
permanent check post may
be established in the area
of Kingri, Toisar, Dakian
point and area of Laki to
Page 16 A SHORT REPORT OF DISTRICT MUSA KHAIL
Four permanent
check post may be
established in the
area of Kingri,
Toisar, Dakian
point and area of
Laki to control
illegal movement of
wood and wildlife.
A patch of Olea (Zaytoon) Forest
A view of Acacia modesta
Forest Department in 1996
purchased 16 acres land
from a local farmer for the
purpose of Forest offices,
colony and Nursery. Ini-
tially a two rooms quarter
was built and the land was
fenced by barbed wires by
the than Divisional Forest
Officer Haji Sahib Jan but
very soon the wires along
with the submersible of the
tube well were theft by the
unknown men and the
Department suspended its
activities for long time due
to shortage of staff and
some other issues. In the
recent days under the De-
velopment Scheme Estab-
lishment of nurseries of
Chilghoza, Walnut, Olive,
Pistachio and Shina project
the rehabilitation of the
Nursery is in final stages.
08 acres of land is pre-
pared for trial plot for the
said species and similarly a
plot for 30,000 plants cut-
ting is also in the final
stages. These efforts have
regained the land and re-
duced great chances of
encroachment.
Rehabilitation of Nursery at Dargai, Musa Khail
Page 17 Volume 4
Rehabilitation of Forest Nursery
T he Cape hare (Lepus capensis), also called brown hare and desert hare is a hare native to Africa and Arabia into India and Pakistan. It is a nocturnal herbivore.
Hares and jackrabbits are leporids belonging to the genus Lepus. Hares are clas-sified into the same family as rabbits and are of similar size, form, and diet as rab-bits. They are generally her-bivorous, long-eared, and fast runners, and typically live solitarily or in pairs.
A hare less than one year old
is called a leveret. The col-
lective noun for a group of
hares is a "drove".
Introduction
Biology
Hares can run up to 56 km/h (35 mph). The five species of jackrabbit found in cen-tral and west-ern North America are able to run at 64 km/h (40 mph), and can leap up to 3m (ten feet) at a time. Hare changes its behavior in spring, when hares can be seen in day-time chasing one another; this appears to be competi-
tion between males to attain dominance (and hence more
access to breeding females). During this spring frenzy,
hares can be seen "boxing"; one hare striking another
with its paws (probably the origin of the term "mad as a March hare"). For a long time, this had been thought to be inter-male competition, but closer observation has revealed it is usually a female hitting
a male to prevent copulation.
BFWD Monthly Magazine
June 2015 Volume 4
Hare
Do you know that?
A hare less than one
year old is called a lever-
et.
The collective noun for a
group of hares is a
"drove".
After a 42-day-long preg-
nancy, the female gives
birth to from one to three
young, termed leverets,
per litter and may have
as many as 4 litters per
year.
By
Mehmood Khan
Sub Divisional Officer, Wildlife
The Cape Hare is a typical hare,
with well-developed legs for
leaping and running, and large
eyes and ears to look out for
threats from its environment.
There is usually a white ring
around the eye. It has a fine,
soft coat which varies in colour
from light brown to reddish to
sandy grey. Unusually among
mammals, the female is larger
than the male; this phenomenon
is called sexual dimorphism.
Because of its
large range, the
Cape Hare is
evaluated by
IUCN as "Least
Concern", alt-
hough the popula-
tion trend is de-
creasing.
Appearance
Conservation status
Ecology pable of outrunning them is the
cheetah. All other predators are
ambush and/or opportunistic
hunters; examples of these are
leopards, caracals, and black-
backed jackals.
After a 42-day-long pregnancy,
the female gives birth to from
one to three young, termed lev-
erets, per litter and may have as
many as 4 litters per year. A
characteristic of hares which
differentiates them from rabbits
is that the young are born preco-
cial; that is, the young are born
with eyes open and are able to
move about shortly after birth.
The Cape Hare is no exception
in this regard.
The Cape Hare is a herbivore,
typically eating grass and shrubs
of various types. Coprophagy,
the consumption of an organ-
ism's own fecal material to dou-
ble the amount of time food
spends in the digestive tract, is a
common behavior amongst
rabbits and hares. This habit
allows the animal to extract the
maximum nourishment from its
diet, and microbes present in the
pellets also provide nutrients.
Like other hares, they are fast.
The only predator which is ca-
Do you know?
A characteristic of
hares which
differentiates them
from rabbits is that
the young are born
precocial; that is,
the young are born
with eyes open and
are able to move
about shortly after
birth.
Page 19 Hare
Geographic Range
Habitat It may be found in macchia-type
vegetation, grassland, bushveld,
and semi-desert areas.
Do you know?
Coprophagy, the
consumption of an
organism's own
fecal material to
double the amount
of time food spends
in the digestive
tract, is a common
behavior amongst
rabbits and hares.
Page 20 Volume 4
Foot Print of Wild Rabbit Pic taken by Mehmood Khan (SDO Wildlife) Harnai, at Ziarat
Foot Print of Wild Rabbit: Pic taken by Mehmood Khan (SDO Wildlife) Harnai, at Ziarat
Phone: +923337830960
Fax: 0838-710381
Email: [email protected]
Mehmood Khan (SDO Wildlife) has already
written in previous editions of this magazine.
His services at a glance:
In March edition his contribution was
about the ‘Black Bear’ of Balochistan.
In April edition his contribution was
about Cannis lupus
The BFWD Monthly Magazine Team is thank-
ful to him for his continuous support and con-
tributions.
BFWD Monthly Magazine
Endeavor to protect
Forests and Wildlife.
Wildlife Habitat type is Dry
Steppe. There are no historical
bench marks to determine the sta-
tus of wildlife in the area. Howev-
er, the community informs that the
number of wildlife species has
declined; which could aptly be
attributed to casual attitude for
hunting and habitat degradation.
Among key species:
Notified Protected Area (PAs)
There are no notified state protect-
ed areas in the district; however,
the “Torghar Conservancy” is a
role model of Community Man-
aged Conservation Area in Paki-
stan, its brief introduction is as
under:
Torghar Conservancy is located in
the northern most part of Toba
Kakar Range in Killa Saifullah
District. The conservancy contains
the last remnant population of in-
ternationally threatened Straight-
horned Markhor (Capra falconeri
megaceros) and Afghan Urial
(Ovis orientalis cycloceros).
Straight Horned Markhor is an
endangered species and is listed in
Appendix I of CITES. Afghan
Urial is on Appendix II of CITES.
In 1985, the local people of Tor-
ghar Mountains started a modest
conservation program with the help
of a local NGO called “Society for
Torghar Environmental Protec-
tion” (STEP). A survey carried out
in 1994 by Dr. Kurt Johnson on
behalf of US Fish and Wildlife
Service estimated a population of
only about 400 animals (Markhor
and Urial). With its own modest
resources and the help of a GEF
Small Grant (UNDP) Project,
STEP was able to continue this
small-scale community based con-
servation programme with unprece-
dented results. Another survey
sponsored by US Fish and Wildlife
Service and carried out in 1999 by
Michael Frisina revealed that popu-
lations of both the Markhor and
Urial were showing a steady in-
crease and Markhor population was
estimated to be 1648 animals and
that of Urial to be 1742 animals.
Later on, A GEF (UNDP) Medium
Grant project “Conservation of
Habitat & Species of Global Sig-
nificance in Arid & Semi Arid
Ecosystem in Balochistan” with the
counterpart funds from Forest &
Wildlife Department, Government
of Balochistan supported this initi-
ative from 2003-04 till to date. This
conservation effort demonstrated
the success of a community-based
management approach, by provid-
ing incentives for compliance, and
promoting sustainable resource use
opportunities.
BFWD Monthly Magazine
June 2015 Volume 4
Killa SAifullah—Part II
Wildlife
S.No. Type Common Species
Mammals Straight-horned Markhor (Capra falconeri megaceros), Afghan Urial (Ovis orientalis cycloceros), Wolf (Canis lupus), Hill fox (Vulpes vulpes grifithii), Asiatic Jackal (Canis aureus), Cape hare (Lepus capensis), Porcupine (Hystrix indica), Afghan Hedgehog (Hemiechinus auritus megalotis), Afghan Pica (Ochotona rufescens) and Stone Marten (martes foina) etc.
2. Birds Chukar (Alectoris chukar), See see partridge (Ammoperdix griseogularis), Kestrel (Falco tinnunculus), Magpie (Pica pica), Golden eagle (Aquila chrysaetos daphanea), a number of Finches, buntings, seasonal/migratory waterfowls, hawks, bustards and sand grouse etc.
3. Reptiles Afghan Tortoise (Agrionemys horsfieldii), Afghan Agama (Trapelus megal-onyx), Indian Cobra (Naja naja naja), Saw-scale viper (Echis carinatus), Dwarf Dark-headed racer (Eirenis persica walteri) Levantine viper (Macrovipera lebetina), etc.
Muhammad Anwar Kakar Range Forest Officer
In a recent survey, in Tor-
ghar Conservancy, the
Markhor population was
estimated to be 1648 ani-
mals and that of Urial to be
1742 animals.
Kala Zira (Carum bulbocasta-num)
Spandae (Paganum hermala) Valanae (Mentha sylvestris) Walaghunai (Dephne oleoides) Gung (Vitex agnus-castus)
Resident communities also make use
of some of the Non Timber Forest
Products (NTFPs), mostly medicinal
plants, for household consumption and
sometimes also for sale in the local
market. The important species are:
Juniper (Juniperus excelsa poly-carpos)
Artemisia (Artemisia meritima) Ephedra (Ephedra nebrodensis),
the species explained above, under Forest Production.
Ephedra (Ephedra intermedia), the species explained above, under Forest Production.
Morae /Ajwain (Thymus surphyl-lum)
Zralg (Berberis lycium) Surai (Rosa beggeriana) Shinshobae (Perowskia abrota-
noides) Sursanda (Hymenocrater sessili-
folius)
Wildlife Statistics
Non Timber Forest Produce (NTFP)
Forest Production
ment and hedges around
Agricultural lands in areas
near to the forests.
Timber is not produced on
commercial basis. Wood
from Juniper and its associ-
ated trees is utilized for fuel
wood, construction of hut-
Do you know?
In a recent
survey, in
Torghar
Conservancy,
the Markhor
population
was estimated
to be 1648
animals and
that of Urial to
be 1742
animals.
Page 23 Killa SAifullah—Part II
Qamardin Karez is an important winter visiting site of migratory birds in Balochistan.
Wetlands
In the district wood obtained from the forests is mainly
used for fuel purposes, because other sources of fuel
are either not available or, if available, are too expen-
sive. There is no data available about the quantity of
exploited wood. Historically, nomads have been in-
volved in the exploitation of wood. In the recent past,
refugees from Afghanistan have exploited this resource
mercilessly.
Female involvement
in the forest activities
is rare and limited to
some jobs like col-
lecting herbs, bushes
and shrubs. Some-
times they also col-
lect fuel wood.
Forest reserve has
depleted due to non-
availability of cheap
sources of fuel ener-
gy other then wood.
The forestry sector conclusion
is:
Area under forest
reserves in district
Killa Saifullah is very
low. The proportion of
the planted forest vis a
vis natural forest is
even lower. Judging
from the international
standard, forest re-
serves are rare.
The environmental and
ecological balance is im-
paired due to soil erosion,
depletion of range land and
population pressure.
The institutional capacity of
Forestry Department needs
restructuring. Management
needs vigor, so that effec-
tive control on the degrada-
tion of overall environments
will be possible.
Cutting / Marketing / Processing
Conclusion and Major Development Issues
Structure and Functions of the
Forest and Wild Life Department
management
Watershed Manage-
ment.
Soil Conservation and
Desertification control.
Functions of the Balochistan
Forests and Wildlife Depart-
ment in the district are listed as
under:
Forest Conservation
and management
Rangeland development
Wildlife Conservation
and protected areas
It is surprising
that, though Killa
Saifullah district
is one of the most
important
horticultural
areas of
Balochistan, bee-
keeping is not
considered an
economic
activity.
Page 24 Volume 4
The part—I of this article was
published in April 2015. The main
points discussed in Part—I were:
Introduction of Killa Saifulla
District.
Major vegetation.
Notified Forests
Community Plantations
Range Lands
BFWD Monthly Magazine
Endeavor to protect Forests and Wildlife.
Phone: +923337830960
Fax: 0838-710381
process of deforestation not
only reduced the vegetative
cover but it also exposed
the soil to erosive process-
es culminating into less
recharge and ultimately
affecting supply of ground
and perennial water in the
downstream valleys. In this
context, reforestation and
improvement of Shina
Forests is must to improve
the productive potential of
downstream valley and
supporting sustenance of
the resident communities.
Climate change.
For immediate financial
gains unplanned agriculture
The major development issues are:
Lack of awareness and
aptitude towards conserva-
tion of forests and range-
lands.
Historically the catchment
areas of the valleys were
covered by Shina Forests
(Pistacia khinjjak), which
played an important role in
sustenance of communities
living in proximity. But
due to relentless grazing
and fuel wood pressure, in
absence of fodder and ener-
gy alternatives, the once
good forest cover reduced
to an open canopy with
isolated stands /trees. The
activities have subsided the
natural vegetation.
Lack of alternate energy
source.
Irrational land use and its
management.
No community system in
place for management of
wastelands.
Deficiency of alternate
source of forage for live-
stock feeding.
Wildlife being hunted for
fun and food; some out of
necessity for status and
prestige.
Major Development Issues
COMMON NAMES: Kahu, Indian
Olive.
DESCRIPTION: A small, evergreen
tree 9 to 12 in tall with diameters of
0.3 to 0.6 m. The leaves are simple, 3
to 10 cm long.
The whitish, flowers are arranged in
bunches. They bloom between
March and September. The fruit is a
drupe 8 mm long, that mature be-
tween May and December.
DISTRIBUTION: The tree is native
to the subcontinent including Paki-
stan, Afghanistan, and India. In Paki-
stan it is found on the lower hills of
Azad Kashmir, Punjab, NWIF'P,
Balochistan and in the hills on the
west side of the Indus in the Sindh.
Introduction
SILVICAL CHARACTERISTICS:
HABITAT AND ECOLOGY:
A tolerant tree that grows on a
variety of calcareous, loamy,
to gravel sandy soils. It is
adapted to a precipitation zone
of 250 to 1000 mm/yr. it pre-
fers an arid to semiarid, cool-
cold temperate, sub-humid
semi -arid, cool warm sub-
tropical climate with a temper-
ature range of -10 to 40 0C at
elevations from 500 to 2: 0 m.
It coppices easily, and is frost
and drought resistant. It has no
known insect or disease prob-
lems.
REPRODUCTION: It is re-
produced both from seed and
by vegetative mean. The seeds
should be planted immediately
after collection, as stored seed
loses its ability rapidly. One
year old poly bag plants are
suitable for field planting.
PRODUCTIVITY: It grows
very slow. MAI of 0.25 cm is
common. One year old cop-
pice shoots are 0.25 to 0. 30 in
tall. Trees with heights of 3.5
m and diameters of 3 cm in a
year period have been report-
ed.
MANAGEMENT IMPLICA-
TIONS: This is a good tree for
reforestation projects in arid
areas. It also has potential as
an oil and fruit tree. Attempts
to graft better varieties could
increase both oil and fruit
production. The wood is of
value, and can be used for
fuel, while the foliage makes
good fodder.
Volume 4
June 2015
Olea ferruginea Royle
(Oleaceae)
BFWD Monthly Magazine
GRAIN: Close, even. COLOR: Sapwood is white, heartwood varies from light brown to nearly black. DENSITY: Specific gravity of 1.125. STRENGTH: Hard, heavy and resilient. USES: Construction, fuel, tool handles, fodder, watershed protection, and fruit and oil.
References & Courtesy: 1. Sheikh,.M.I. (1993) Trees of Pakistan
2. http://www.wikipedia.com
3. http://www.google.com
WOOD PROPERTIES
Phone: +923337830960
Fax: 0838-710381
Email: [email protected]
In previous Editions of BFWD We have Discussed:
Quetta Pine (Pinus halepensis)
Ghaz (Tamarix Aphylla)
Tut (Morus alba)
The BFWD Team welcomes your advices and appreciates
your sharings in this regard. You can write about any par-
ticular species of your area. Endeavor to protect Forests
and Wildlife.
BFWD Monthly Magazine
P akistan is basically an
agricultural country,
the landscape
is predomi-
nantly arid.
Water, al-
ready a
scarce com-
modity in
most parts of
the country,
is now facing
further short-
ages. Be-
cause of the
poverty and
population
growth, there
has been an
over-
exploitation
of natural
resources.
An unplanned increase in
industrialization and urbaniza-
tion has led to pollution in
water, air, and land. Along
with water shortages, land
degradation has been an issue.
Environmental issues in Paki-
stan threaten the population’s
health and have been disturb-
ing the balance between eco-
nomic development and envi-
ronmental protection not
much serious attention was
paid to
environ-
mental
issues in
Pakistan.
Related
concerns,
such as
renewable
resources
for power
produc-
tions, sani-
tation and
potable
water,
received
earlier
scrutiny.
Volume 4
Introduction
June 2015
Do you know?
In 2012, Ministry of
Environment was dis-
solved and Ministry of
Climate Change was
created.
Climatic issues of Pakistan
If we talk about, consider
2012 in Pakistan, it was really
difficult for environment and
climatic conditions. First
shock given by Government
was the dissolution of the
Ministry of Environment and
the creation of a new Ministry
of Climate Change. The
breakdown and reconstruction
of institute took much time so
many serious issues were
neglected badly. Almost at the
end of year, in September
Ministry decide to develop
programs to meet the water,
food and energy security is-
sues posed by unpredictable
Issues as well as prepare the
country for increased inci-
dences of natural disasters,
spread of disease.
A view in Past
By
Badar-Un-Nissa Khan
Over 90 percent of Pakistan’s
water resource is used in agri-
culture. The
agricultural
sector em-
ploys nearly
half of the
workforce
and gener-
ates a quar-
ter of GDP.
Soil used
for cropping
is badly
affected by
uncon-
trolled utilization of Pesticides
causing soil pollution and
resulted in contaminated food
production. According to
World Health Organization
(WHO), about 25 million
agricultural workers in our
country suffer from pesticide
poisoning each year that in-
clude a significant number of
women. Women become vic-
tim of pesticides
while performing
different agro-
nomic practices
in fields. Pesti-
cides poisoning
was also well
common In Paki-
stan, about 30
per cent women
had been full-
time farm work-
ers while about
70 per cent were
indirectly or directly engaged
in farming.
capital in Pakistan is much
less – below 1,100 cubic me-
ters a year, down from 5,500
meters a year in 1950, accord-
A report of the United Nations
Environment Pro-
gramme (UNEP),
per capita availabil-
ity of water in the
Indus basin, which
lies below the Hin-
du Kush, Karako-
rum, and Himala-
yan mountains and
is shared by Af-
ghanistan, China,
India, and Pakistan, is nearly
1,329 cubic metres per year.
But water availability per
ing to government reports in
2012. Floods and
glacial melt, and
the silt they carry,
have reduced the
storage capacity of
our water reservoirs
and have also re-
duced hydro power
production. An
unusually long
winter and delayed
melting of glaciers were blamed
for power shortages in June.
Page 29
Climatic Variations
Agriculture Pollution
Per-Capita Water Avalibility
age of food. Salinity affects
some 60 percent of Pakistan’s
coastal farming lands, the
United Nations estimates. Due
to such geographical situa-
tions Pakistan faces climate
extremes from very hot and
arid temperatures of over 40
degrees Celsius, to severe
monsoon rains and below zero
degrees in winter. Pakistan in
2010 was hit by the worst
floods in its history, with 84
out of 121 districts affected. The climate in Pakistan varies
with altitude, which in turn
affects the type of vegetation.
It has some of the world’s
highest cold areas that occur
above 5,175 m in the Himala-
yas and the hottest low areas
in the Indus Plains with many
intermediate ecological
zones . Flooding after effects
further causing salinity in
many areas leading to short-
According to World
Health Organization
(WHO), about 25
million agricultural
workers in our
country suffer from
pesticide poisoning
each year that include
a significant number
of women.
Volume 4
Climatic issues of Pakistan
In recent years the Monsoon
patterns have mainly disturb
severely .The precipitation
was 50% below normal all
over Pakistan. Normally as
much as 80 percent of South
Asia‘s rain falls during the
June-to-September monsoon.
But in the period until the end
of July dry weather has been
observed all over Pakistan.
This shortage of rain is caus-
ing further negative impact on
food commodities and the
shortage of food results in
inflation of food prices.
Page 30
Air Pollution
Change in Monsoon Pattern
exceeded WHO’s recom-
mended levels. It however
happens only during crowded
hours not 24 hours a day. To
tackle the situation we need to
develop a ‘Clean Air Pro-
gram’. In Pakistan it is esti-
mated that 24% of the global
disease burden and 23% of all
deaths can be attributed to
environmental factors. About
36% of this burden affects
children from 0 to 14 years of
age.
Air pollution as usual was
major problem in most cities,
and cause of many health
hazards but no special atten-
tion was given to forest or tree
plantations. Carbon monoxide
emission levels in Karachi and
Lahore have considerably
“To catch the reader's
attention, place an
interesting sentence or
quote from the story
here.”
Destructions caused by floods in Pakistan
Air pollution at Quetta Pic Courtesy: Naeem Javid M. Hassani
BFWD Monthly Magazine
country. Government planners
and policy makers, in collabo-
ration with non-government
organisations, will need to
develop their knowledge and
skills and those of water users
to understand and prepare for
Be Positive for coming days
and must try to enforce the
law of land and for that we
have to start a voluntary self-
monitoring program because it
is not possible to send inspec-
tors to every industry in the
the new challenges posed by
climate change.
Still there is HOPE!!
Phone: +923337830960
Fax: 0838-710381
Email: [email protected]
Endeavor to protect Forests
and Wildlife.
Badar-un-Nissa Khan has already contributed in previous editions
of this magazine. The BFWD Team is thankful to her for her contin-
uous support and contributions. In previous editions she has con-
tributed:
1. Is CO2 main culprit of global warming or not? (March
2015)
2. A non edible bio fuel in peril (April 2015)
Courtesy: Sir Aziz Ahmad Jamali
BFWD Monthly Magazine
Green Activities around Awaran District June 2015
Volume 4
Pictorial Introduction to Clean & Green Activities in Awaran District.
Orchard in the making: backyard of DC House
Proposed design for the Monument in Public Park
Awaran Nursery
Page 33
Green Activities around Awaran District
More Planting
Housing Reconstruction Awaran (HRA) Project pro-motes clean & green activities
Forest & Wildlife Goko Check Post is being improved and strengthened
Page 34
__ Views of Divisional Forest Officer Awaran Abid Ali
Endeavor to protect Forests and Wildlife.
Phone: +923337830960
Fax: 0838-710381
Email: [email protected]
A SILENT MESSAGE