€œbest ... to apply your knowledge to a real life pharmacy practice. in order to be successful in...
TRANSCRIPT
First Edition
The Ultimate Survival Guide for Pharmacist
Canadian Qualifying Examination Part II (OSCE).
Canada 2012
Khristina Shterenberg, B.Sc.Phm., RPh.
Pharmacy Exam Preparation
OSCE GUIDE
2 All information in this guide is under strict copyright protection. Unauthorized reproduction is strictly prohibited.
Pharmacy Exam Preparation
OSCE GUIDE The Ultimate Survival Guide for Pharmacist Canadian Qualifying Examination Part II (OSCE) First Edition 2012 Khristina Shterenberg B.Sc.Phm., RPh.
3 All information in this guide is under strict copyright protection. Unauthorized reproduction is strictly prohibited.
Disclaimer. All information provided in this guide is designed for educational purposes only and does not render medical advice or professional services. It should not be used for diagnosing or treating a health problem or disease. If you have, or suspect you may have, a health problem, you should consult your health care provider. While we try to keep the information as up to date as possible, we make no claim to its total accuracy or completeness. Information is liable to change, and such changes may not be mirrored in this guide. We do not accept liability for any loss or damage resulting from use of this guide or reliance on its contents. Reference to specific products, processes or services does not constitute or imply our recommendations or endorsements of those products or services. Unless explicitly stated otherwise, the statements and opinions expressed in this guide reflect the author’s personal views and do not imply endorsement by other organizations, such as PEBC or OCP. Readers of this guide should in no way infer that the content has been reviewed, approved or endorsed by any organization. The presence of links to other organizations’ websites should not imply that these organizations have approved or endorsed the content presented in this guide. This Guide is a property of PharmExams, and is being used in the OSCE Preparation Course conducted by PharmExams. Information about the OSCE Preparation Course can be found at: www.PharmExams.com
4 All information in this guide is under strict copyright protection. Unauthorized reproduction is strictly prohibited.
Book Content
Preamble
1. Chapter 1. OSCE Communication.
1.1. Language Proficiency
1.2. Interactive Communication on OSCE.
1.2.1. Active Listening
1.2.2. Interviewing techniques or better way to ask questions
1.2.2.1. Using Open-‐Ended Questions
1.2.2.2. Asking Sensitive Questions
1.2.3. Detecting Non-‐Verbal Cues from your Patients
1.2.4. Pharmacist Non-‐Verbal Communication
1.2.4.1. Eye Contact
1.2.4.2. Facial Expressions
1.2.4.3. Tone of Voice
1.2.5. Empathy
2. Chapter 2. Pharmaceutical Care Process – Patient Oriented Approach to Solve Drug Related Problem.
2.1. Step 1: Pharmacist introduction and establishment of a good rapport with the patient.
2.1.1. Pharmacist-‐Patient Relationship
2.1.2. Pharmacist’s Greeting
2.2. Step 2: Gather and Interpret patient information, and assess its relevance.
2.2.1. General Data Collection
2.2.2. Specific Data Collection
5 All information in this guide is under strict copyright protection. Unauthorized reproduction is strictly prohibited.
2.2.3. Red Flag Symptoms
2.2.4. Customizing Data Collection to the patient’s chief complaint
2.2.5. Reading Patient’s Profile
2.2.6. Therapeutic Thought Process
2.3. Step 3: Identify and Prioritize Patient’s Drug Related Problem.
2.3.1. Drug Related Problem Categories
2.3.2. Prioritizing Drug Related Problems
2.3.3. Examples of Drug Related Problems
2.4. Step 4: Determine Patient’s Desired Outcomes
2.5. Step 5: List and Analyze all possible therapeutic alternatives
2.6. Step 6: Select the “best”, the most patient-‐appropriate therapeutic alternative
2.6.1. Selecting the “best” alternative
2.6.2. Consulting the Reference (How to use References effectively)
2.7. Step 7: Develop Therapeutic Drug Plan and Identify Therapeutic Endpoints to monitor
2.7.1. Therapeutic Drug Plan
2.7.2. Therapeutic Endpoints (Monitoring Parameters and their timeframe)
2.7.3. Monitoring Plan
2.7.4. Scheduling the follow-‐up evaluation
2.8. Step 8: Document the decisions made
2.8.1. Documentation Styles
2.8.2. Example of SOAP Note
2.8.3. Rules for Appropriate Documentation
2.8.4. OSCE Documentation
2.9. Step 9: Conduct follow-‐up evaluation.
6 All information in this guide is under strict copyright protection. Unauthorized reproduction is strictly prohibited.
3. Chapter 3. Counselling on Over-‐The-‐Counter Medications.
3.1. Step-‐by-‐Step approach to the effective Over-‐The-‐Counter counselling
3.2. Communication tips for successful OTC counselling
4. Chapter 4. Counselling on Prescription Medications.
4.1. When to Counsel
4.2. Barriers to Counselling
4.3. The Counselling Session Approach
4.4. The Counselling Session Template
5. Chapter 5. OSCE Scoring 5.1. Communication Score
5.2. Outcome Score
5.3. Overall Performance Score
6. Chapter 6. Most Common OSCE Mistakes.
7. Chapter 7. Code of Ethics and Ethical Cases in Pharmacy Practice.
7.1. Statement I – Act in the best interest of the patient.
7.2. Statement II -‐ Maintain professional Pharmacist-‐Patient relationship.
7 All information in this guide is under strict copyright protection. Unauthorized reproduction is strictly prohibited.
7.3. Statement III – Honour patient’s autonomy.
7.4. Statement IV – Respect patient’s confidentiality.
7.5. Statement V – Respect the right to receive products and services.
7.6. Statement VI – Obey laws, regulations and standards of practice.
7.7. Statement VII – Continually improve professional competence.
7.8. Statement VIII – Cooperate with colleagues to ensure better care.
7.9. Statement IX – Contribute to health care.
8. Chapter 8. Issues in Pharmacy Practice.
8.1. Providing Drug That May Hurt the Patient.
8.2. Making a Professional Judgment.
8.3. Dispensing Expired Drugs….Is It Ever Acceptable?
8.4. Dealing with Dispensing Errors.
9. Chapter 9. Prescribing Errors.
9.1. Identifying Prescribing Errors.
9.2 100 Prescription Exercises
9.3 Answer Sheet.
8 All information in this guide is under strict copyright protection. Unauthorized reproduction is strictly prohibited.
Preamble.
PEBC (Part II) OSCE blueprint is based on the competencies outlined by NAPRA. Reviewing those competencies is very important in order to become familiar with NAPRA and PEBC expectations. If you don't know what is expected of you, you cannot be successful in this exam. The list of all the Competencies can be found on the NAPRA website. Comparing the percentage (%) of the total score for each competency between the two parts (Part I and Part II) shows that the Patient Care (Competency #1) contributes 50.5% to your total score for MCQ (Part I) and only 28% for OSCE (Part II). Communication and Education (Competency #5) contributes 38% to your total OSCE score1. The percentages for other competencies can be found on PEBC website in the Examination Blueprint section. These percentages indicate how important each competency is in your overall score. Analyzing these percentages concludes, that effective communication and education is absolutely essential to pass OSCE and the most important competency (Competency #5) to achieve and master.
The value of Patient Care (Competency #1), however, should not be underestimated. Therapeutic knowledge and pharmaceutical care are essential for patient care. However, a patient will not get a lot of benefits from the pharmacist's therapeutic knowledge if the pharmacist is unable to apply that knowledge to a real life pharmacy practice or effectively communicate that knowledge to the patient. One of the main things you will have to do on OSCE is to apply your knowledge to a real life pharmacy practice.
In order to be successful in OSCE you should focus on communication, addressing patient's concerns, providing a solution, as well as justifying/explaining your recommendations. The exam is not all about successful counselling, although counselling can be an essential part in some stations. Concentrating only on counselling may result in missing patient's concern, not listening to a patient and therefore missing the main Drug Related Problem. In this OSCE guide, the most essential techniques and skills, necessary to succeed on OSCE, will be discussed. Also, we will discuss the most common therapeutic issues, encountered in the pharmacy practice.