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Noise Study Report G1285 Van Zyl BG

Ben van Zyl MSc (Eng) PhD

T/A Acusolv

Tel: 012 807 4924

P O Box 70596 Fax: 086 508 1122

Die Wilgers [email protected]

0041 542 Verkenner Ave Die Wilgers Pretoria

Report G1285 Issued: 01-Nov-2016

Sishen Mine

Expansion Project

Environmental Impact Assessment

Noise Study

Prepared by: Ben van Zyl MSc (Eng) PhD Acoustical Engineer

For: Sishen Iron Ore Company (Pty) Ltd

Executive Summary A noise study was carried out in support of an Environmental Impact Assessment undertaken by Shangoni Management Services (Pty) Ltd to assess the expected noise impact of the proposed Sishen Expansion Project on residents in the surrounding area. Expansion Project Noise Impacts The study finds that no singular farm residences to the west of Sishen Mine will be affected by noise from future Expansion Project operations. Neither will any residential area in Kathu, Bestwood or Sesheng be affected. It is assumed that all residents of Dingleton will be relocated. The only people who will be affected, are temporary residents of the Dingleton Resettlement Village which falls inside the 5 dB significant impact footprint. These residents will under certain unfavourable meteorological conditions experience a Moderate impact by noise generated at the Southern and Dingleton Expansion waste rock dumps. Such noise will from time to time be clearly audible and disturbing at night. The impact will however be of a short duration, considering that this is a temporary situation until residents are relocated. Cumulative Noise Impacts The cumulative noise impact is defined as the increase in ambient level as a result of the progression of mining developments and the establishment of associated infrastructures in the district. Sources of noise currently contributing to the cumulative impact are all existing Sishen operations, existing operations of other mining companies in the area and railway operations. To this will be added noise produced by future operations of the proposed Sishen Expansion Project.

ACOUSTIC CONSULTING ENGINEER

PROJECTNAME MINE


2

Collectively, all current mining and mining-related activities in the area produce a large noise footprint, extending to distances of up to 7 km measured from the north-south centreline of existing Sishen operations. The extent of the footprint however, is determined largely by railway noise, rather than Sishen mining noise. Although current Sishen mining operations contribute significantly to the cumulative noise impact in the area, the estimated incremental impact of the Expansion Project is minor compared to the overall cumulative noise footprint. Consequently, the Project will have no discernible effect on the overall cumulative impact in the area.


Acoustical Engineer


Index

1 PROJECT DESCRIPTION 6

1.1 EXISTING SISHEN MINING OPERATIONS 6 1.2 PROPOSED SISHEN EXPANSION PROJECT 7 1.3 EIA BY SHANGONI 8

2 NOISE STUDY OVERVIEW 9

2.1 NOISE SPECIALIST 9 2.1.1 TERMS OF REFERENCE 9 2.1.2 SPECIALIST DETAILS 9 2.1.3 QUALIFICATIONS 9 2.1.4 DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE 9 2.2 SCOPE OF NOISE STUDY 10 2.3 NOISE STUDY AREA 10

3 METHODOLOGY 12

3.1 NOISE STUDY GUIDELINE STANDARD 12 3.2 BASELINE ASSESSMENT METHODOLOGY 12 3.2.1 OBJECTIVE 12 3.2.2 PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICAL CONSIDERATIONS 12 3.2.3 METEOROLOGICAL CONSIDERATIONS 13 3.2.4 ACQUISITION OF BASELINE DATA 14 3.2.5 NOISE SURVEYS BY ACUSOLV 14 3.2.5.1 Detailed 24-hour Surveys 14 3.2.5.2 Ambient Noise Sampling Survey 15 3.2.5.3 Test Equipment 17 3.2.6 ADDITIONAL DATA MADE AVAILABLE BY SIOC 17 3.2.7 BASELINE ASSESSMENT 17 3.3 PREDICTIVE NOISE IMPACT ASSESSMENT METHODOLOGY 18

4 PROJECT DESCRIPTION 19

4.1 PROJECT EXTENT 19 4.2 LAYOUT 19 4.3 PROJECT ACTIVITIES AND INFRASTRUCTURE 21 4.3.1 CONSTRUCTION PHASE 21 4.3.2 OPERATION PHASE 21

5 SOURCES OF NOISE 22

5.1 SOURCES OF NOISE IN THE CONSTRUCTION PHASE 22 5.2 SOURCES OF NOISE IN THE OPERATION PHASE 22 5.2.2 SOURCES OF NOISE –DUMP OPERATIONS 23 5.2.3 THE NET CHARACTER OF OVERALL NOISE 24

PROJECTNAME MINE


4

6 LEGAL FRAMEWORK 26

6.1 SOUTH AFRICAN NOISE REGULATIONS 26 6.1.1 BACKGROUND 26 6.1.2 PROHIBITIONS 26 6.2 SANS 10103 - ACCEPTABLE AMBIENT LEVELS 28

7 RESULTS AND FINDINGS – EXISTING AMBIENT LEVELS 30

7.1 EARLIER STATE OF THE ENVIRONMENT 30 7.2 CHANGES IN THE STATE OF THE ENVIRONMENT 30 7.3 EXISTING STATE OF THE ENVIRONMENT 31 7.4 REFERENCE AMBIENT LEVELS 36 7.5 RECOMMENDED LIMITS 36

8 RESULTS AND FINDINGS – PREDICTIVE IMPACT ASSESSMENT 37

8.1 CONSTRUCTION PHASE NOISE IMPACT 37 8.2 OPERATION PHASE NOISE IMPACT 37 8.2.1 ASSUMPTIONS 37 8.2.2 PRESENTATION OF RESULTS 40 8.2.3 PROJECT NOISE IMPACT 40 8.3 DECOMMISSIONING PHASE IMPACTS 41 8.4 CLOSURE PHASE IMPACTS 41 8.5 CUMULATIVE NOISE IMPACT 41 Noise Maps 43

9 MITIGATION 47

9.1 CONSTRUCTION NOISE 47 9.2 OPERATION NOISE 47 9.3 DECOMMISSIONING PHASE 47 9.4 CLOSURE PHASE 47

10 IMPACT RATINGS AND RISK SUMMARY 48

10.1 NOISE IMPACT STATEMENTS 48 10.1.1 CONSTRUCTION PHASE 48 10.1.2 OPERATION PHASE 49 10.1.3 DECOMMISSIONING AND CLOSURE PHASES 51 10.2 NOISE IMPACT RATINGS 51

11 EMP NOISE MONITORING AND MANAGEMENT 53

12 REFERENCES 55

Curriculum Vitae 66


Definitions and Acronyms

Acoustic terminology

Term Label Unit Definition

A-weighting Frequency-dependent weighting applied to

band-filtered or spectral sound levels, corresponding to the frequency characteristics of human hearing

A-weighted level LA dBA A-weighted sound pressure or sound power

level dBA A-weighted unit of magnitude on a logarithmic

scale Decibel dB Unit of sound magnitude on a logarithmic scale

defined as 10 log (f{W}/Wo) f{W} is proportional to the acoustic power or intensity of the sound or noise Wo is a power or intensity reference

Sound or Noise Level L, LP dB Pressure Level representing the magnitude of

the sound or noise on the decibel scale Sound Power Level LW dB Sound Power Level [dB] defined as

10 log (W/W0) where W is the sound power [W], P0 = 10 pW, the international standard reference of sound power

Sound Pressure Level

LP dB Magnitude of sound or noise [dB] defined as 10 log (P2/P0

2) where

P is the sound pressure [Pa], P0 = 20 Pa, the international standard reference of sound pressure

Equivalent continuous level

Leq,T dB The average level of a sound or noise determined by integrating and averaging the acoustic energy over a measurement period T The level of a sound with constant amplitude which would have the same average over time T

A-weighted equivalent continuous sound level

LAeq dBA Average level of a sound or noise determined by integrating and averaging the A-weighted acoustic energy over a measurement period T

SISHEN EXPANSION PROJECT of 76


1 Project Description 1.1 Existing Sishen Mining Operations

Sishen Iron Ore Company (Pty) Ltd (SIOC) owns and operates the Sishen Iron Ore Mine (Sishen Mine) established in 1953. Sishen Mine is located in the Northern Cape Province of South Africa, 230 km north-east of the town of Upington and 280 km north-west of Kimberley. Kathu is situated approximately 8 km north-east of the Mine and the town Dingleton is located within the Sishen Mining boundary. Mining consists of conventional truck and shovel opencast operations and involves topsoil stripping and stockpiling, blast hole drilling, blasting, dozing, excavation, shoveling and loading of material. It also involves haulage of run of mine (ROM) ore from the pit to crushing plants and haulage of waste material to waste dumps, or back into mined-out areas serving as backfilling of the pit. The regional setting of Sishen Mine is shown in Figure 1-1.

Figure 1-1

Regional Setting of Sishen Mine



1.2 Proposed Sishen Expansion Project Current Sishen mining activities are progressing in a westerly direction. A mining right application for listed activities was included in previously approved Environmental Management Programmes (EMPRs) for Sishen Mine or in pending EMPRs awaiting DMR approval. In the current application, the existing pit is proposed to extend into a westerly direction and dump extensions are proposed to take place at the G80 Dump, Protea Dump, Dingleton Dump and the Southern Dump. A locality map of the Project is shown in Figure 1-2.

Figure 1-2

Locality of the Sishen Expansion Project



The Expansion Project will involve the following

Expansion of pits and opencast operations to the west of current pit operations

Backfilling in existing pits

Expansion and construction of Western Waste Rock Dumps

G80 Dump expansion

Protea Dump expansion

Dingleton Dump expansion

Southern Dump expansion

Haul road construction

1.3 EIA by Shangoni

Shangoni Management Services Limited (Shangoni) has been appointed by SIOC to facilitate the environmental authorisation process for the proposed Sishen Expansion Project, which will involve the following:

Scoping and Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) in compliance with the National Environmental Management Act, 1998 (Act No.107 of 1998) for the listed activities contained in:

GNR 983 of 4 December 2014 (GNR 983)

GNR 984 of 4 December 2014 (GNR 984)

GNR 985 of 4 December 2014 (GNR 985) published in terms of the NEMA

Integrated Water Use License Application (IWULA) in terms of the National Water Act (Act No. 36 of 1998).

Waste Management License Application (WMLA) in terms of the National Environmental Management: Waste Act, 2008 (Act No. 59 of 2008).



2 Noise Study Overview

2.1 Noise Specialist 2.1.1 Terms of Reference

Noise from the proposed Expansion Project operations may affect ambient noise in the surrounding area where the existing level is already elevated to a variable extent by noise from existing mining operations and traffic on the public road network. Acusolv was appointed to carry out a noise study to investigate the noise implications of the proposed development and to consider the requirements and options for mitigation.

2.1.2 Specialist Details

Details of the specialist who carried out the noise study and prepared this report, are summarised in Table 2-1.

Table 2-1

Details of Noise Specialist

Name of practitioner: Dr. B G van Zyl Acoustical Engineer

Tel No: 012 807 4924

Fax No: 086 508 1122

Postal Address: P O Box 70596, Die Wilgers, 0041

E-mail address: [email protected]

2.1.3 Qualifications

Ben van Zyl is a noise specialist in private practice based in Pretoria, South Africa. He holds Masters and PhD degrees in acoustical engineering and has more than 30 years experience in environmental acoustics, including noise impact assessment and design for noise reduction in the mining and other industries. A personal curriculum vitae in support of qualifications, expertise and experience to undertake studies of this nature, is attached in Appendix B.

2.1.4 Declaration of Independence

As a single proprietor and independent noise specialist, Ben van Zyl has no commercial interest in the Sishen Expansion Project or Sishen Iron Ore Company (Pty) Ltd, other than fair payment for consulting services rendered as part of the EIA process.



2.2 Scope of Noise Study

The proposed Expansion Project may result in an increase in ambient noise levels already affected by existing operations at Sishen Mine, by the railway infrastructure, as well as operations at various other mines in the area. Since the primary concern is the potential impact of the Expansion Project on residents in the external surroundings, baseline and impact assessments in this noise study focus on existing conditions and on the possible deterioration in the noise climate for residents in the immediate surroundings outside the mineral rights boundary of the mine.

The scope of work required in support of the EIA by Shangoni, involves the following tasks:

A Scoping and Baseline Assessment Various noise surveys have been undertaken in the external surroundings of Sishen

Mine, including those areas which stand to be affected by the proposed Extension Project. Using data obtained in the surveys, this study assesses the character of the existing noise environment and derives reference ambient levels for use in the predictive noise impact assessment.

B Predictive Noise Impact Study

The predictive study quantifies and assesses the expected impact of the Project. Estimation of noise levels and of noise impacts is based on modelling of the emission and atmospheric propagation of noise generated by the main Project components and activities.

This report describes the methodology and presents the findings of the noise study. 2.3 Noise Study Area

The focus in this study is on the area west and north of the mine shown on the map in Figure 2-1. Noise-sensitive receptors of relevance include houses along the Gamagara River to the west and Sesheng village to the north of the mine.



Figure 2-1

Noise Study Area



3 Methodology 3.1 Noise Study Guideline Standard The Expansion Project noise study was carried out in accordance with SANS 10328 [1], a South

African Standard presenting guidelines on procedures for conducting noise assessments.

3.2 Baseline Assessment Methodology 3.2.1 Objective

The objective of the baseline assessment was to evaluate the noise climate in the study area and to establish baseline ambient noise ratings for purposes of noise impact assessment.

3.2.2 Principles and Practical Considerations Principles and good practice considerations applied in the selection of suitable locations for

sampling and monitoring ambient noise levels, include the following:

Community concerns: In selecting locations for sampling or noise monitoring, concerns raised by interested and affected parties should be taken into account.

Worst-case impact: Focus on areas where maximum noise impact is expected. This usually includes receptor locations nearest to the primary sources of noise.

Suitability for future surveys: As far possible, select locations likely to be accessible in future surveys.

Avoid interference: As far as practically possible, stay clear of and avoid interference by proximity sources of noise which may distort the data. Examples are power distribution boxes, barking dogs, speech interference and insects.

Sampling Duration: To be of any use as an environmental management tool, noise monitoring has to produce accurate and relevant data. As a minimum requirement, measurements should be performed using equipment with the necessary precision and accuracy as laid down in SANS 10103 [2]. Just as important, no matter how accurate the measurements, the data is only as good as the sample. What complicates noise sampling is that ambient noise is all but constant. As a rule, it is the net result of contributions from various constant, cyclic and randomly fluctuating sources. To account for the intrinsic 24-hour cyclic variation, measurements should be taken within the relevant period of interest, e.g. daytime, night-time or a 24-hour cycle. Noise regulations require that the noise investigated must be measured (averaged) over a period of at least 10 minutes; i.e. 10 minutes or longer. Occasionally, in the investigation of noise complaints, a 10 minute sample may be sufficient to obtain the data needed to make a finding. For purposes of predictive noise studies and monitoring surveys, however, longer averaging periods are required to determine baseline or operation noise levels. Noise levels have to be averaged over intervals long enough to ensure that the sample is representative of conditions which prevailed during the period of investigation. Where possible, in addition to measuring the average over the day or night-time period of interest, equipment may be programmed to simultaneously determine averages in a contiguous series of short sub-intervals of say 10 minute, 30-minute, or 1 hour duration,



covering the main survey period. In this way, a graphic overview can be obtained of the noise pattern over that period.

3.2.3 Meteorological Considerations

Relevance of Atmospheric Conditions Rain, drizzle or fog may generate noise on the microphone and affect the conductivity of measurement microphones, resulting in faulty readings. Secondly, although measurement often has to be performed in the presence of wind, care should be taken to verify that wind turbulence noise on the microphone capsule is negligible compared to the sound level under investigation. There is no fixed upper limit for permissible wind speed - it all depends on the level being measured. Another weather phenomenon which may cause interference and distort measurement data, is thunder. Meteorological conditions also affect the acoustic environment and sound levels without causing interference or measurement error. Normal fluctuations in atmospheric conditions may cause large variations in noise level which cannot and need not be avoided in the planning and execution of noise monitoring surveys. Such variations constitute the natural variance in both background and intrusive noise levels. Noise levels at a distance from large sources are highly dependent on meteorological conditions. In fact, the difference in characteristic day and night meteorological patterns is one reason why 24-hour mining or industrial operations always have much higher noise impacts at night1. Relevance of season There is generally no consistent relationship between ambient noise levels and the season during which a noise survey is conducted. Variances in long distance propagation noise dispersion and the resulting noise levels do not depend on temperature per se; but on vertical temperature gradient profiles in the atmosphere (changes in temperature as a function of height). In other words, noise levels at a large distance from a source are determined by atmospheric patterns rather than the absolute day or night temperature or the season of the year. The same principle applies to wind: noise levels are influenced by wind direction and wind gradient with height above the ground, rather than wind speed measured on the ground. It should be noted that, for the reasons explained above, the monitoring of meteorological conditions, such as temperature, wind and humidity on the ground can at best only serve to avoid errors and distortion of measurement data. Knowledge of cloud cover, temperature, humidity and wind which prevailed during the course of a noise survey has little if any value in the post-processing and interpretation of data.

1 The other main reason is the increased community sensitivity at night due to a natural decline in road traffic and

human activity noise.



3.2.4 Acquisition of Baseline Data Noise Surveys by Acusolv A primary source of data used in the rating of baseline ambient noise conditions in the area, are the results of detailed, long duration noise monitoring surveys conducted by Acusolv at farmhouses in the study area. Data obtained in the 24-hour surveys was an important though not the only input to the baseline noise model. Field data obtained in the comprehensive surveys was supplemented with additional information obtained by short-duration (10 minute) sampling of daytime ambient noise levels throughout the study area. Other Survey Data made available by SCIO

Data obtained from the Acusolv surveys was further supplemented by data from other surveys made available by SIOC. Noise Modelling A comprehensive map depicting the overall ambient noise profile of the entire study area was obtained by means of noise modelling. In addition to actual levels measured in the field surveys, the model also accounts for the contributions of noise from main roads and noise from existing SIOC and other mining activities in the area. Data from the field surveys served as a reference used to calibrate and verify the validity of the model. Likewise, noise maps generated by modelling of expected future Expansion Project noise in the predictive noise impact assessment also cover the entire study area. This enables assessment of the Project’s impact on any property or noise receptor within the study area. The main focus is on farm residences and on residential areas of villages nearest to the proposed Expansion Project operations where maximum impact is expected.

3.2.5 Noise Surveys by Acusolv

3.2.5.1 Detailed 24-hour Surveys The primary source of baseline data for the Expansion Project EIA assessment are findings of

scoping assessments and results of measurement surveys conducted by Acusolv for the 2015 annual assessment and for ongoing Sishen project assessments [3]. Detailed surveys were carried out during the periods from 14 to 17-Sep-2015 and from 01 to 02-Dec-2015. Briefing of property owners on the Project, on the intent and purpose of the noise surveys, as well as obtaining permission for access to properties were arranged by Sishen Mine. Locations M1 to M8 selected for detailed day-night surveys, are listed in Table 3-1 and mapped in Figure 3-1. Noise recording equipment at these locations was programmed to measure averages in sequences of 10-minute intervals for a total duration of 24 hours. In all recordings, A-weighted, equivalent continuous sound pressure levels LAeq (dBA) were measured, using an integrating sound analyser. At the same time, for purposes of identifying sources of noise, audio recordings synchronised with the data recordings were made at each monitoring point.



Table 3-1

Sishen Mine 2015 Annual Environmental Noise Survey

Monitoring Locations

Monitoring location Coordinate Survey Period

M1 Residence Farm Fritz S27 47 12.4 E22 56 36.8

14 to 17-Sep-2015

M2 Residence Farm Grensplaas S27 47 19.3 E22 55 18.4

14 to 17-Sep-2015

M3 Dingleton Resettlement Village S27 49 00.5 E22 58 50.0

14 to 17-Sep-2015

M4 Residence Markram S27 50 26.9 E22 58 43.9

14 to 17-Sep-2015

M5 Sesheng at Clinic S27 41 37.7 E23 00 05.1

01 to 02-Dec-2015

M6 Residence Farm Gamagara S27 48 46.0 E22 56 51.5

01 to 02-Dec-2015

M7 Residence Farm Droomvlei S27 41 25.7 E22 54 09.3

01 to 02-Dec-2015

M8 Kathu – Bestwood Suburb S27 42 43.9 E23 04 24.5

01 to 02-Dec-2015

3.2.5.2 Ambient Noise Sampling Survey In addition to abovementioned detailed long-duration surveys, ambient noise was probed by sampling of daytime ambient levels in the larger area. These locations are indicated by the encircled “S” symbols in Figure 3-1.



Figure 3-1

Monitoring Locations 2015 Annual Noise Survey

Surveys at M1 – M8: Continuous logging over 24 hour day-night cycles

Samples (s): Short duration (1-hour) samples of daytime levels only

(See Table 3-1 for coordinates)



3.2.5.3 Test Equipment

Measurement data obtained in the detailed surveys conducted at M1 to M8 was processed to obtain time-variable profiles of ambient noise levels. Using the audio recordings, it was possible to listen to the actual noises which occurred at any time, to identify sources of noise, to correlate audible noise events with data and to filter out distorted data. Noise Level Measurements

Field measurements were carried out using the following equipment: (a) Brüel & Kjaer Type 2260 Modular Precision Sound Analyser (Ser no. 1875497) (b) Brüel & Kjaer Type 4189 Measurement Microphone (Ser no. 1858498) (c) Brüel & Kjaer Type 4231 Sound Calibrator (Ser no. 2606011)

Equipment conformed to IEC 61673-1 Electro-Acoustics – Sound Level Meters – Part 1: Specifications. Calibration: National Metrology Institute of SA Certificate No AV\AS-4251-R National Metrology Institute of SA Certificate No AV\AS-0008

Data Recording Equipment

(a) RS1 Acoustic Data Logger (Serial no. 200109647)

(b) RS2 Acoustic Data Logger (Serial no. 200114547)

(c) RS3 Acoustic Data Logger (Serial no. 200108967)

(d) RS4 Acoustic Data Logger (Serial no. 200108968)

3.2.6 Additional Data made available by SIOC

SIOC also made available data from ambient noise surveys carried out by Gijima [4]. This information was used to supplement primary data derived from the Acusolv surveys described in Section 3.2.3.

3.2.7 Baseline Assessment These estimates, in conjunction with other information and modelling, were employed to map ambient noise and to derive area-dependent reference ambient noise ratings for use in modelling and assessing the Project’s noise impact. Although measurements covered daytime periods as well, when considering noise impact, it is for all practical purposes only the night-time results that matter. Night-time, when people are normally sleeping, is when the environment is by far the most sensitive to intrusive noise and when maximum impact is experienced. Hence, in the assessment of noise, the focus is on night-time conditions.



3.3 Predictive Noise Impact Assessment Methodology Calculation of noise propagation and dispersion in the Expansion Project study is based on the

principles of the Concawe method. CONCAWE (Conservation of Clear air and water in Europe) is an organisation established by a group of oil companies in 1963. A noise propagation model developed by CONCAWE [5] has been validated over and over and has internationally become one of the most widely used methods in the simulation of small and large sources of noise and in the prediction of noise for purposes of environmental noise impact assessment [6], [7]. This method has been adopted in South African Standard SANS 10357:2000 [8].

Caution Noise predictions and noise maps derived by acoustic modelling must be interpreted with

caution. Even if the accuracy of an acoustic model is good, predicted levels are valid for the specific assumptions made in respect of meteorological and other conditions. Since meteorological conditions in particular are highly variable, levels produced at a distance by a source at a constant acoustic output will vary considerably, even during the course of a single day-time or night-time period. Variance in noise level due to changes in atmospheric conditions



4 Project Description 4.1 Project Extent

Current Sishen mining activities are progressing in a westerly direction. The Expansion Project is proposed to extend the existing pit in a westerly direction. Dump extensions are proposed to take place at the G80 Dump, Protea Dump, Dingleton Dump and the Southern Dump. The Project will involve the following:

Expansion of pits and opencast operations to the west of current pit operations

Backfilling in existing pits

Expansion and construction of Western Waste Rock Dumps

G80 Dump expansion

Protea Dump expansion

Dingleton Dump expansion

Southern Dump expansion

Haul road construction

4.2 Layout

Figure 4-1 shows the current footprint of mining operations, as well as outlines of the proposed pit and waste dump expansions.



Figure 4-1

Sishen Expansion Project Layout



4.3 Project Activities and Infrastructure Operation Data While Project activities and infrastructure have not been specified in detail at this stage, it is possible by modelling based on similar opencast and dump operations at Sishen, to obtain good estimates of the extent of influence and large scale noise footprints of opencast, waste dump and haul road operations in the Expansion Project. Suitable data for this purpose was derived from noise studies completed by Acusolv in respect of the Sishen Lylyveld South Open Pit Mining Project [9] and the Western Waste Rock Dumps Project [10].

4.3.1 Construction Phase

The following construction activities are expected to take place at the opencast and dump sites:

Site establishment of temporary infrastructure and facilities required for support of construction activities;

Clearing of vegetation in accordance with the relevant vegetation management procedures;

Stripping, loading, hauling and stockpiling of soil and in accordance with the relevant soil conservation procedures;

Haul road construction earthworks.

4.3.2 Operation Phase Components and activities expected to generate noise or contain potential sources of noise in the operation phase, include the following:

Distributed opencast in-pit and associated surface operations

Haul road operations

Overburden and waste dump operations



5 Sources of Noise 5.1 Sources of Noise in the Construction Phase

Activities in the construction phase produce noise of relatively low levels and of an intermittent nature, not quantifiable in the same way as high levels of continuous noise produced in the operation phase. Hence, the assessment of noise in the construction phase is based on qualitative considerations. Activities and equipment expected to contribute to construction noise are summarised in Table 5-1. This will involve pre-stripping, infrastructure setup and construction of haul roads linking pits to the main operations area at Sishen Mine.

Table 5-1

Sources of Noise in the Construction Phase

Construction Activity Sources of Noise

Vegetation clearing, soil stripping & stockpiling Bulldozer, trucks

Haul road construction Bulldozer, loaders, trucks, compactors

5.2 Sources of Noise in the Operation Phase

5.2.1 Sources of Noise – Pit Operations Assumptions Assumptions made in this study for purposes of pit noise simulation are based on operation parameters used in previous noise studies for Sishen projects, such as the Lylyveld South Open Pit Mining Project. The noise model and computations will be updated if and when more detailed descriptions and operation data specifically applicable to the Expansion Project are made available by SIOC. Pit Noise Generating Activities and Equipment Opencast pit operations at each pit in the Expansion Project will involve conventional surface mining which includes drilling of waste and ore, blasting and loading using conventional loading equipment such as front-end loaders and back-actors onto trucks. Waste will be hauled and dumped on waste dumps adjacent to the pit. ROM ore will be hauled directly to the Sishen Mine main operations area for blending with the rest of the Sishen ore, or it may first be dumped on a ROM stockpile on site before loading and hauling to the main operations. Table 5-2 summarises assumptions made in noise modelling in respect of quantities and capacities of equipment and activities which will constitute sources of noise.



Table 5-2

Sources of Noise arising from Pit Operations Assumptions based on Lylyveld Project information

All sources operating 24 hours/day; 7 days/week

Operation Noise source Quantity Type/Rating

Excavation Excavator 2 90 t Tracked excavators

Loading 1 80 t Wheel shovel loading dump trucks

Trucks 10 170 ton dump trucks

Earth movers 1 35 t Tracked Dozer

1 35 t Wheel Dozer

Pit services Maintenance 1 Graders – Road maintenance

1 Diesel browser

3 1 Truck + 2 light vehicles

2 Water trucks

Blasting Drilling blasting holes

1 Tracked mobile drilling machine

Blasting - Once a day, weekdays only

Hauling Trucks 60/hour 170 t trucks on haul road, total trips both directions

Stockpiling Stockpiling - ROM stockpiling

Discard Discard dump - Discard transport and dumping

5.2.2 Sources of Noise –Dump Operations Assumptions Assumptions made in this study for purposes of dump and haul road noise simulation are based on Western Waste Dump operation parameters used in previous noise studies. The noise model and computations will be updated if and when more detailed descriptions and operation data specifically applicable to the Expansion Project are made available by SIOC. Dump Noise-generating Activities and Equipment The primary sources of noise emerging out of dump operations will be the following:

Dump trucks moving on the haul roads

Dump trucks ascending, descending and traversing on top of dumps

Dump trucks tipping



Bulldozers and front-end-loaders operating on dumps

Reverse alarms activated on trucks and equipment operating on dumps

Vehicle Movements Based on the Western Waste Dump model, it is assumed that an average of 20 trucks per hour will travel to each dump, peaking at 29 trucks per hour in certain years. A breakdown of truck and earth-moving equipment fleets to be employed in hauling and dump operations are summarised in Table 5-3.

Table 5-3

Capacities and typical quantities of trucks and earthmoving equipment

Vehicle Class / Capacity Quantity

Trucks Truck Fleet 58

Ultra Class > 320 t 26

Trucks 260 t 12

Trucks 220 t 8

Trucks 730E 180 t 12

Unit Rigs 180 t 0

Contractor - 49

Trucks Catch-up capacity 260 t 6

Trucks Total 260 t 18

Total haul truck fleet excluding Contractors - 64

Total haul truck fleet including Contractors - 113

Earth-moving

Dozers CAT D11 110 t

3

Front-End-Loaders Komatsu WA800 110 t

2

5.2.3 The Net Character of Overall Noise The character and net impression of audible noise emanating from Expansion Project operations, i.e. the noise heard at distant locations still within audible reach of the pits, the dumps and associated haul roads, will be a mixture of the following: (a) Diesel engine noise, which at a distance, will be the most prominent and incessant source

of audible noise;

(b) Intermittent sequences of impact noise produced by pneumatic drilling;



(c) Rumbling and impulsive noises produced by excavation, truck loading, bulldozer scraping and track clutter;

(d) Truck movements and tipping noise;

(e) The beeping sounds of reverse alarms.



6 Legal Framework 6.1 South African Noise Regulations 6.1.1 Background

In 1994, with the devolution of regulatory power from governmental to provincial level, the authority to promulgate noise regulations was ceded to provinces. Each province could henceforth decide whether to develop their own regulations, or to adopt and adapt existing regulations. Some provinces (e.g. Gauteng, Free State and Western Cape) have promulgated such regulations. Elsewhere, including Northern Cape Province, no provincial noise regulations have been put in place. Consequently, in noise studies undertaken in provinces lacking official noise regulations, national noise regulations [11] are assumed to apply by default. For further guidance, it is noted that noise criteria in all previous national and current provincial regulations, as well as current metropolitan noise policies, are derived from SANS 10103 [2]. SANS 10103 defines the relevant acoustic parameters that should be measured, gives guidelines with respect to acceptable levels and assessment criteria and specifies test methods and equipment requirements. In the Expansion Project noise assessment, the provisions of the noise regulations are taken into account, but noise assessment is based by and large on the principles, guidelines and criteria of SANS 10103.

6.1.2 Prohibitions Prohibition of Disturbing Noise

In accordance with international and South African standard practice, noise impact assessments are made with respect to outdoor noise levels. Noise regulations prohibit any changes to existing facilities, or uses of land, or buildings or the erection of new buildings, if it will house activities that will cause a disturbing noise, unless precautionary measures to prevent disturbing noises have been taken to the satisfaction of the local authority. Noise is deemed to be disturbing, if it exceeds certain limits. Depending on what data is available, SANS 10103 allows for different formulations of the excess.

If the actual residual ambient level is known: The excess is taken to be the difference between the noise under investigation and the residual noise measured in the absence of the specific noise under investigation. This definition, based on the noise emergence criterion, finds application in both predictive and noise monitoring assessments, if baseline noise levels can be determined by measurement.

If the actual residual ambient level is unknown: Alternatively, the excess may also be defined as the difference between the ambient noise under investigation and the acceptable ambient rating for the type of district under consideration in accordance with SANS 10103. This definition, based on the acceptable level criterion, is employed in predictive noise studies and in noise monitoring assessments, if for practical reasons, the actual residual (baseline) levels cannot be determined by measurement.

In terms of the national noise regulations, a disturbing noise means a noise that causes the ambient sound level to increase by 7 dB or more above the designated zone level, or if no zone level has been designated, the ambient sound level measured at the same point. Noise regulations also require that the measurement and assessment of ambient noise comply with the guidelines of SANS 10103.



It should be cautioned, however, that the regulatory limit of 7 dB should not be construed as the upper limit of acceptability. SANS 10103 (See Table 6-2 in this report) warns that an increase of 5 dB is already significant and that an increase of 7 dB can be expected to evoke widespread complaints from the community. Hence, although the applicant would be within legal limits if the noise impact is prevented from exceeding 7 dB, that would not prevent noise disturbance and noise complaints. In the EIA phase, i.e. in the design and planning stage of a new development, it is advised the design target be set at 3 dB, while 5 dB is considered a significant impact. The margin so provided is required as a matter of good planning and to maintain good relations with neighbors. It also brings the assessment in line with World Bank guidelines. Once in operation, an appropriate limit in EMP noise monitoring of the actual levels would be an excess of 5 dB, which is still 2 dB below the regulatory limit. Prohibition of a Noise Nuisance Noise regulations also prohibit the creation of a noise nuisance, defined as any sound which disturbs, or impairs the convenience or peace of any person. The intent of this clause is to make provision for the control of types of noise not satisfactorily covered by measurement and assessment criteria applicable to disturbing noises. These are noises which are either difficult to capture2, or noises for which the readings registered on a sound level meter and assessed against standard criteria, do not correlate satisfactorily with the annoyance caused. Noise regulations list specific activities which are prohibited if exercised in a manner to cause a noise nuisance, such as3:

The playing of musical instruments and amplified music;

Allowing an animal to cause a noise nuisance.

Discharging fireworks;

Discharge of explosive devices, firearms or similar devices which emit impulsive sound, except with the prior consent in writing of the local authority concerned and subject to conditions as the local authority may deem necessary;

Load, unload, open, shut or in any other way handle a crate, box, container, building material, rubbish container or any other article, or allow it to be loaded, unloaded, opened, shut or handled, (if this may cause a noise nuisance).

Drive a vehicle on a public road in such a manner that it may cause a noise nuisance.

Use any power tool or power equipment used for construction work, drilling or demolition work in or near a residential area, (if this may cause a noise nuisance).

And:

Except in an emergency, emit a sound, or allow a sound to be emitted, by means of a bell, carillon, siren, hooter, static alarm, whistle, loudspeaker or similar device (if it may cause a noise nuisance).

2 For example, barking dogs. Not only is the occurrence of the noise unpredictable and erratic, but the presence of a

person investigating the problem with a noise meter is likely to attract attention and trigger incessant barking. 3 See Noise Regulations for the full list of prohibited activities.



One or more of these activities may occur on industrial sites and in project activities. A common cause of noise nuisance are reverse alarms, the last item listed above. The essential difference between a disturbing noise and a noise nuisance is as follows: Noise Disturbance – Is quantifiable and its assessment is based on estimated or measured sound levels, expressed in decibel (dBA). Investigation and assessment of existing noise disturbance problems involve the measurement of ambient levels in the presence of a specific source under investigation and comparison of this level with either the level measured in the absence of the source, or a table value deemed to be an acceptable level for the type of district under consideration. Noise Nuisance – Is difficult to quantify and is not confirmed or assessed by measurement. Judging whether a noise qualifies as a nuisance is based purely on its character and audibility, in conjunction with subjective considerations such as the perceived intent of the noise maker and connotations attributable to the source of noise. Where measurement is possible, measured data may serve as supplementary information. SANS 10103 As mentioned before, noise regulations require that the measurement and assessment of noise comply with the guidelines of SANS 10103. The concept of noise nuisance, however, only features in the regulations. SANS 10103 only deals with quantifiable noise (noise disturbance), without any guidelines for, or reference to noise nuisance. It is normally expected of an EIA noise study to make findings based on noise modelling and quantitative assessment of predicted noise levels, i.e. based on noise disturbance considerations. The same applies to noise monitoring conducted in terms of an EMP, where the report is expected to make findings based on measured data, assessed in terms of noise disturbance criteria as well. But once an industrial site or mine starts operating, predictable as well as unexpected sources of noise nuisance may emerge. If present, they often constitute a major cause of complaints. It is therefore imperative that, in addition to quantitative predictions and measurements, noise studies as well as monitoring surveys also identify potential and actual sources of noise nuisance.

6.2 SANS 10103 - Acceptable Ambient Levels Noise regulations require that the rating level of the ambient noise be compared with the rating

level of the residual noise (where this can be measured), or alternatively (where the noise source cannot be switched off or interrupted), with the appropriate rating level given in Table 2 of SANS 10103. Neither the noise regulations, nor SANS 10103 defines or refers to the term noise impact. It is however generally understood and defined for purposes of this study, as the amount in dB by which the total noise level exceeds the nominal or the measured ambient level rating, whichever is applicable, for the area under consideration.

Table 6-1 in this report summarises SANS 10103 criteria for acceptable ambient levels in

various districts. Note that ratings increase in steps of 5 dB from one to the next higher category and that, in general, regardless of the type of district, ambient noise levels tend to decline by typically 10 dB from daytime to night-time. It follows that, for the same level of intrusive noise, the noise impact would typically increase by 10 dB from daytime to night-time.



Table 6-1

Typical outdoor ambient noise levels in various districts (SANS 10103)

Type of district

Noise level

Equivalent continuous level LAeq (dBA)

Day-Night Day-time Night-time

Ldn Ld Ln

(a) Rural 45 45 35

(b) Suburban – With little road traffic 50 50 40

(c) Urban 55 55 45

(d)

Urban - With some workshops, business premises & main roads

60 60 50

(e) Central business districts 65 65 55

(f) Industrial districts 70 70 60

The periods in Table 6-1 into which a 24 hour cycle is divided, are defined as follows: Day-time (06:00 – 22:00) Night-time (22:00 – 06:00) Day-Night (24-hour day-night period) The day-night level Ldn represents a 24-hour average of the ambient noise level, with a weighting of +10 dB applied to night-time levels, yielding numerically equal values for daytime and day-night levels. SANS 10103 also gives guidelines in relation to expected community response to different levels of noise impact (increase in noise level), as summarized in Table 6-2.

Table 6-2

Expected community response to an increase in ambient noise level (SANS 10103)

Increase in ambient level Expected community reaction

[dB]

0 – 10 Sporadic complaints

5 – 15 Widespread complaints

10 – 20 Threats of community action

More than 15 Vigorous community action



7 Results and Findings – Existing Ambient Levels 7.1 Earlier State of the Environment

In a 2009 survey conducted for the SWEP EIA [12], ambient noise levels in the farming area west of the Sishen Mine were found to be low, with little influence from Sishen mining operations and railway lines. Night-time ambient levels were in the order of 35 dBA, considered to be characteristic of Rural Districts. The low ambient levels at the time were ascribed to the distance of these farms from the nearest railway lines and from the mine (> 6 km for most of the area surveyed). Traffic on local and distant roads and noise from mining activity in the larger surroundings had negligible effect on the night-time ambient levels observed and measured in the baseline SWEP survey. No trains could be heard at night. For all practical purposes, the night-time level, including those locations where higher than average levels were recorded (e.g. Smit, Cornelissen), was caused primarily by insects and in some areas by frogs.

7.2 Changes in the State of the Environment Subsequently, yet prior to the current assessment, Sishen mining activities expanded and intensified, resulting in a greater contribution to ambient levels. More significantly, however, is the subsequent relocation of the railway line and the noise introduced by operation of the Postmasburg-Hotazel western bypass railway line in particular. Noise measurements in recent annual and other Sishen project noise study surveys indicate that train noise is now impacting notably on some of the farm houses to the west. This confirms predictions made in the SWEP noise study (See Figure 7-1), which indicated that the 40 dBA noise footprint of railway noise was expected to encroach on some of the houses along the Gamagara river.

Figure 7-1

Western Bypass railway noise levels predicted in the SWEP study [12] Noise impact significant inside the 40 dBA contours



7.3 Existing State of the Environment Results of recent surveys conducted in the 2015 Annual Assessment are summarised and plotted on the map in Figure 7-2. More detailed information in the form of charts of ambient levels averaged in sequences of 10 minute intervals over 24 hour periods, are presented in Appendix A. Ambient Levels at M1 (Residence Farm Fritz) Average ambient levels recently recorded at this location were 39 dBA (daytime) and 37 dBA (night-time), respectively. Mining noise was inaudible at night with negligible impact in this area. In addition to natural sounds (bird calls, insect noises and wind), the main source of audible night-time noise was train noise from the Postmasburg-Hotazel western bypass railway line. Blasting at Sishen produced quite loud air-borne noise levels. Blasting at 16h00 in the afternoon of 14-Sep-2015 boosted the 10-minute average level LAeq, 10 min during which it occurred, to 48 dBA and the corresponding 1-minute average to 58 dBA. Levels of this magnitude amount to a significant noise disturbance impact. At 117 dB, recorded peak air-blast levels were however still well below the threshold (128 dB) above which a risk of potential structural damage to buildings emerges. Under normal atmospheric conditions, with Sishen adhering to good practice of blasting in the afternoon, air-blast levels are expected to be much lower. Ambient Levels at M2 (Residence Farm Grensplaas) Average ambient levels recorded at this location were 41 dBA (daytime) and 41 dBA (night-time). The main source of noise which contributed to these levels and to a significant night-time impact of 6 dB above 35 dBA, was train noise from the Postmasburg-Hotazel western bypass railway line. Although the distances to the railway line are similar to those for location M1, the level of train noise measured on the same night at M2 was considerably higher. This is purely due to atmospheric conditions (wind and temperature gradients in the atmosphere) which prevailed during the time of the survey. These levels are in line with the predictions made in the SWEP noise study (Figure 7-1). It should be noted that the surveys conducted at locations M1 and M2 were intended to sample the ambient noise in a broad area which included a number of farm houses along a section of the Gamagara river. With M2 located closest to the railway line, the impact of railway noise at houses further away would under the same conditions, be slightly lower. Blasting at 16h00 in the afternoon of 14-Sep-2015 boosted the 10-minute average to 44 dBA, which amounts to a minor impact. Ambient Levels at M3 (Dingleton Resettlement Village) Average ambient levels recorded at this location were 45 dBA (daytime) and 41 dBA (night-time), respectively. Considering the character of this area (40 dBA night-time acceptable level in terms of SANS 10103 criteria), the recorded elevation of 1 dB amounts to a negligible impact. The main sources of intrusive noise were:

Noise from Sishen Mine and from various other mines south of Sishen.

Train noise from the Postmasburg-Hotazel western bypass and from various components of the main railway infrastructure in the area.

Traffic noise from local roads and from the N14 main road.



Ambient Levels at M4 (Residence Markram) Average ambient levels recorded at this location were 47 dBA (daytime) and 45 dBA (night-time), respectively. At an acceptable night-time level of 40 dBA, the recorded impact of 5 dB is significant. The main sources of intrusive night-time noise were:

Noise from Sishen Mine and from various other mines south of Sishen.

Train noise from the Postmasburg-Hotazel western bypass railway line and from various components of the main railway infrastructure in the area.

Traffic noise from local roads and from the N14 main road. Traffic noise estimates were derived from traffic spot counts made during noise scoping surveys.

Train and road traffic noises were the dominant contributors to the overall noise level. Ambient Levels at M5 (Sesheng) Average ambient levels recorded at this location were 51 dBA (daytime) and 49 dBA (night-time), respectively. These levels are practically the same as the levels measured in earlier surveys (48 dBA night-time in 2009). The recorded impact of 4 dB relative to a 45 dBA acceptable level is not caused by mining noise and is still minor. Mining noise was seldom audible or discernible. As in previous surveys, the main contributor to night-time ambient noise was found to be vehicle traffic; private vehicles (often with sound systems playing loud music), as well as commuter transport (idling and moving busses and other vehicles). Hence, although the level is higher than what is expected for small villages in general, it is not caused by external mining activities, but by internal traffic and transport services. Ambient Levels at M6 (Residence Farm Gamagara) Ambient noise levels were strongly influenced by wind and by occasional thunder and rain. Distortion of results by weather-related noise was rectified by filtering out data recorded during such events from the data used in determining average day and night time levels. Using the screened data, average ambient levels recorded at this location were found to be 45 dBA (daytime) and 42 dBA (night-time), respectively. Despite the filtering of data, the 7 dB elevation over the acceptable level of 35 dBA is still largely ascribed to continuous wind noise. Apart from natural sounds (weather-related noises, barking, bird calls and insect noises), the only other sources of audible night-time noise were occasional traffic on the nearby road and train noise coming from the Postmasburg-Hotazel western bypass railway line. The latter also contributed to the 7 dB night-time impact. Ambient Levels at M7 (Residence Farm Droomvlei) Ambient noise levels at this location were elevated considerably by resident contractor work activities, on-site machinery operations and associated on-site vehicle movements. With proximity noise distortions removed from the data, average ambient levels recorded at this location were 52 dBA (daytime) and 41 dBA (night-time), respectively. The recorded night-time impact of 6 dB over the acceptable level of 35 dBA is partially ascribed to background music played on the premises and partially to train noise. Apart from natural sounds (bird calls, insect noises and wind), the main sources of audible night-time noise were background music and train noise from the Postmasburg-Hotazel western bypass railway line.



Ambient Levels at M8 (Kathu – Bestwood) Average ambient levels recorded at this location were 51 dBA (daytime) and 45 dBA (night-time). The corresponding acceptable ambient levels in accordance with SANS 10103 criteria are 50 dBA and 45 dBA, respectively. The main source of audible noise was road traffic on the N14 and traffic on other local roads. Mining noise was inaudible and found to have no impact on ambient noise levels in this area. Ambient Levels in other Areas Figure 7-2 also shows the results of shorter duration samples taken in the larger area. These samples supplemented long-duration survey data used in conjunction with noise modelling to create a global map of the ambient noise profile of the district. The map in Figure 7-3 created in this way, shows contours of existing night-time ambient noise levels in the noise study area. The model accounts for the primary sources of existing noise, including Sishen Mining activities, noise from various other mining activities in the district, as well as road and rail traffic noise. Daytime and night-time periods are as defined in SANS 10103 (See Section 6.2).



Figure 7-2

Existing Ambient Noise Levels Measured in Surveys

LDay / LNight dBA are day and night average levels measured in 24 hour surveys

Single values are short duration samples of daytime levels




Figure 7-3

Existing ambient noise levels in the area surrounding Sishen Mine

Day and Night levels at M1 to M8 from surveys conducted over 24-hour periods

Noise contours show typical night-time levels determined from surveys and by modelling




7.4 Reference Ambient Levels In defining reference conditions and ratings for computation of Project noise impacts, it should be borne in mind that ambient noise levels measured in any particular survey do not represent absolute values, but samples only o f what in practice is a variable parameter. Even relatively long-duration averages of day and night ambient levels at any location will vary over time. This is in response to variances in noise source emission levels, as well as unpredictable day, night and seasonal fluctuations in atmospheric conditions. In rural areas in particular, the level measured at any location also depends on the proximity of the recording microphone to the nearest birds or insects, something that cannot be controlled at all and which is bound to change from one survey to the next.

For purposes of assessing the impact of the Expansion Project, the noise impact is defined as the increase in ambient level relative to existing ambient levels, i.e. relative to reference conditions depicted on the background noise map in Figure 7-3.

7.5 Recommended limits 24-hour Operation Noise - Maximum impact occurs at night Daytime intrusive noise levels created by distant industrial noise sources, such the proposed Expansion Project, are as a general rule substantially lower than the levels created by the same sources at night. The reason is that typical daytime meteorological conditions result in skyward refraction of sound propagation, in contrast with downward diffraction caused by typical night-time temperature profiles (vertical gradients). During the day, most of the noise emitted by a large source does not reach the ground, while at night, both direct sound and a portion of the energy radiated skywards are focussed back to earth. This contrast between day and night levels is further accentuated by a considerable drop at night in the residual ambient level due to a decline in road traffic and human activity noise. As a consequence, not only are the levels of intrusive noise from distance sources much higher at night, but the sensitivity of the environment increases sharply, as well. It follows that for continuous noise generated in a 24-hour operation, such as the Expansion Project, maximum impact will occur at night and that for all practical purposes, provided the night-time impact is limited to acceptable levels, the daytime impact would also be contained. Significant Impact Criterion The noise impact of the proposed Expansion Project at any location is defined as the elevation in the outdoor ambient level caused by Project generated noise. Decibel arithmetic tells that if intrusive noise on its own equals the background ambient level, the total ambient level will rise by 3 dB. In line with SANS 10103 as well as international (e.g. World Bank) guidelines, an impact of 3 dB or less is insignificant. It becomes significant if intrusive noise elevates the ambient level by 5 dB or more. To summarise: In this assessment, at or below 3 dB the magnitude (severity) of impact is rated as Low; at 5 dB it is rated as Moderate and at or above 10 dB as High.



8 Results and Findings – Predictive Impact Assessment 8.1 Construction Phase Noise Impact

Potential noise-generating activities during the construction phase are:

Diesel engine noise of earthmoving equipment and trucks

Pit construction: clearing of vegetation and removal of overburden

Haul road construction: clearing of vegetation, bulldozing, loading and truck movements.

The dominant and for all practical purposes the only audible source of noise in the above-mentioned activities will be the diesel engines of trucks, dozers, loaders and other earth-moving equipment. Compared to operation noise, general construction noise will be of similar character but of a lower intensity. It will have a smaller footprint and considering that most construction activities will occur during daytime, it is not expected to have a discernible impact on the nearest noise receptors, such as residences along the Gamagara River west of the mine.

8.2 Operation Phase Noise Impact 8.2.1 Assumptions

Baseline Reference Noise impact refers to a change in ambient level as a result of intrusive noise. Quantitatively, it is defined as the increase in ambient level from a predefined reference or baseline level. This noise study considers both the incremental impact of the proposed Expansion Project and cumulative impacts. The reference conditions for the two cases differ as follows: (a) The incremental impact of the Expansion Project is defined as the direct change in ambient

noise caused by the Project when commissioned. It is calculated as the estimated elevation in ambient level as a result of the Project specific noise (i.e. excluding all other sources of noise). The reference or baseline level in this case is the total existing ambient noise level shown in Figure 7-3, prior to the introduction of the Expansion Project. It is the level produced by all existing sources; including residual background noises, noise from traffic on public roads, noise from all existing Sishen mining operations, noise from all other mining operations in the area and noise from existing railway lines. In other words, the Project impact at any location is calculated as the change in ambient level relative to the existing ambient level at that location, as depicted in Figure 7-3.

(b) Cumulative impact is defined and calculated as the change in ambient level as a result of the introduction of mining development and associated infrastructure in the district. After commissioning of the Expansion Project, it will be the estimated elevation in ambient noise level caused by all existing mining operations, plus the additional noise produced by Expansion Project operations. The reference or baseline level in this case is the ambient level in the presumed absence of any noise from mining activities and in the absence of rail traffic noise. Railway lines are excluded from the baseline basket because it is regarded as mining infrastructure. Defined



in this way, the reference level only consists of the background ambient level, plus noise from traffic on public roads.

Table 8-1 summarises the sources of noise used in the definition of intrusive and baseline parameters used in the computation of incremental Expansion Project noise impacts and in the computation of cumulative mining noise impacts.

Table 8-1

Incremental and Cumulative Noise Impacts Definition of Impact and Baseline Parameters

Incremental Expansion Project Noise Impact

Project Sources of Noise Baseline Basket

1 Sishen Expansion Pit expansion (a) Sishen Existing Existing pits

Dump expansion Existing dumps

Haul roads new Existing haul roads

Lylyveld operations

(b) Mines Other Existing pits

Existing dumps

(c) Railways Sishen-Saldanha

Western Bypass

(a) Public Roads N14 traffic

R380 road traffic

Towns street traffic

(b) Residual Domestic Activity

Birds, insects, wind

Cumulative Noise Impact

Cumulative Sources of Noise Baseline Basket

1 Sishen Mine Sishen existing operations (a) Public Roads N14 traffic

Sishen Expansion Project R380 road traffic

2 Other Mines Other mines existing works Town street traffic

3 Railway Lines Sishen-Saldanha line (b) Residual Domestic Activity

Western Bypass Hotazel line Birds, insects, wind



Probable Worst-case Conditions Noise impacts for the proposed Expansion Project operations were investigated for probable worst-case meteorological and operating conditions as outlined in the following. On average, typical night-time noise levels produced by the Project are expected to be lower than the estimates derived for the above-mentioned conditions. “Probable worst-case” in the context of this study refers to levels that are higher than typical levels. Although less probable than typical levels, they will inevitably occur from time to time over the course of a year, sometimes possibly for several days on end. Occurrence of worst-case atmospheric propagation conditions is unpredictable; it is not simplistically related to weather conditions and not limited to any particular season of the year. In practice, it cannot be predicted when worst-case meteorological conditions will occur and for how long it will prevail, but it can be safely assumed that, occasionally, from time to time, it will occur. Meteorological Conditions Depending on the time of day or night and on meteorological conditions in particular, noise levels produced by mining and industrial sources over long distances fluctuate by a considerable margin. Such changes in level are in response to variable atmospheric absorption (losses) and refraction (bending) caused by ever-changing wind and temperature gradients as a function of altitude. For purposes of acoustical modelling, meteorological conditions are divided into six categories, with Category 1 resulting in the lowest noise levels (skyward refraction and maximum atmospheric losses) and Category 6 resulting in the highest noise levels (downward refraction and minimum atmospheric losses). Category 4 represents so-called “Neutral Conditions”. The noise impact at any location depends on wind direction. Wind causes diffraction of sound waves in such a way that noise levels are reduced at locations upwind and intensified at locations downwind relative to the source of noise. Normally, in cases where the noise footprint of a project is likely to affect people in all directions, it is important to consider the noise impact under prevailing wind directions. In the case under consideration, receptors nearest to and most likely to be affected by the Expansion Project operations are residents Markram, residents along the Gamagara River west of the mine, residents of the Dingleton Resettlement Village and any residents in Dingleton who at the time when the Project commences, might still be awaiting relocation. Available wind data from the Sishen station indicates a high prevalence of night-time winds from the western sector in all seasons. From a noise impact perspective, such conditions would be favourable in that it would effect a reduction in noise levels west of the operations where the nearest receptors of concern are located. To account for worst-case conditions, computation of noise levels and impact assessment in this study are based on less common neutral meteorological conditions for which noise levels west of the mine would be considerably higher.

Time of Day

Noise levels were calculated for night-time conditions when the levels of operation noise at large distances will be elevated by atmospheric conditions, when background ambient levels are low and when the environment is most sensitive to intrusive noise. Operation Parameters

Calculations assume that all operations scheduled for any given year in terms of the Project plan are running simultaneously and continuously throughout the night.



Noise contours were calculated for a pit depth of 20 m, which affords a significant screening of noise generated by pit operations. This, of course, has no advantage in respect of noise generated in surface operations around the pit, including overburden stockpile and waste dump operations, or noise generated by trucks on haul roads.

Modelling and computation of future Project noise impacts takes into account that noise generated by future Expansion Project components (new pits, dumps and haul roads) will be partially screened off by the physical presence of the Western Waste Rock Dumps.

Night-time Project noise levels and impacts on residents along the Gamagara were calculated for quiet periods in-between train passes on the Postmasburg-Hotazel Western Bypass railway line.

Adherence to Good Practice Protocols Although no special design measures specifically aimed at noise reduction and control of the mine’s environmental impact are presumed, it is nevertheless assumed in the assessment of unmitigated noise impact that good practice protocols will as a minimum precaution be adhered to so as to prevent unnecessary generation or escalation of noise as follows:

Vehicles and other equipment are fitted out as standard in accordance with OEM Manuals.

Vehicles and earth-moving equipment are properly serviced and maintained as per manufacturer’s specifications and operated within design operating limits. For example: Trucks and earthmoving equipment are serviced regularly with attention given to the

condition of noise controlling components such as exhaust silencers;

Machine and vehicle noise hoods, screens and covers are replaced after routine service Drivers of trucks are instructed to use hooters in a disciplined manner for purposes of safety only, not for signalling or any other purpose. The mine strictly enforces this rule and verifies compliance.

8.2.2 Presentation of Results The unmitigated operation noise footprint of the proposed Expansion Project is presented with the aid of noise contour maps calculated for conditions when the mine is fully operational. Noise contours on Noise Map 8-1 delineate the 3 dB and 5 dB noise impact footprints of the Project calculated relative to the night-time background ambient noise profile depicted in Figure 7-3. Contours delineate the distances at which Project noise elevates the ambient level by 3 dB (Low impact; recommended planning limit) and 5 dB (Moderate impact), respectively. If the specific level of Project noise at any location rises to the point where it equals the background level, the ambient level will rise by 3 dB above its initial level. This represents a noise impact of 3 dB, which is still acceptable in terms of noise regulations and SANS 10103 criteria. Inside the 3 dB footprint, moving towards the centre of noise generating activities, the impact gradually becomes more significant. The 5 dB contour delineates the extent of a Moderate impact.

8.2.3 Project Noise Impact

Noise Map 8-1 depicts the incremental noise impact of the Expansion Project. As explained in Section 8-2-1, this is the increase in ambient noise level expected as a result of the proposed new Project operations only, relative to existing ambient level shown in Figure 7-3. The complex



directional pattern of the noise footprint is determined by the radiation characteristics of the various Project components, in conjunction with the reference background ambient noise profile in the area, as well as the topography and the presence of noise screening structures. The resulting 5 dB significant noise footprint extends to distances of up to 1,75 km in certain directions, primarily on the northern and southern extents of the Project axis where less or no noise screening by dumps takes place. Over most of the Project area, however, the noise footprint is shrunk to a much smaller range due to the noise screening provided by the Western Waste Rock Dumps. All buildings that could be identified in scoping surveys and on the latest satellite maps are indicated as residences on the noise map. Inspection of the noise contours on Noise Map 8-1 reveals that no singular farm residences to the west of Sishen Mine will be affected by noise from future Expansion Project operations. Neither will residential areas in any of the towns and villages (Kathu, Bestwood, Sesheng) be affected. It is assumed that all residents of Dingleton will be relocated. The only people who will be affected, are temporary residents of the Dingleton Resettlement Village (Noise Map 8-1, Location M3) which falls inside the 5 dB significant impact footprint. Residents will under certain unfavourable meteorological conditions experience a Moderate impact by noise generated at the Southern and Dingleton Expansion waste rock dumps. Such noise will from time to time be clearly audible and disturbing at night. The impact will however be of a short term duration, considering that this is a temporary situation until residents are relocated. In summary, the study finds that Expansion Project noise in the operation phase is not expected to have any significant long term impacts on towns, villages or farm residences in the area.

8.3 Decommissioning Phase Impacts

Noise in the decommissioning phase will be of a similar nature, but of a lower intensity and of shorter duration than noise in the construction phase. Decommissioning noise will not be audible at the nearest receptors and the noise impact will be negligible.

8.4 Closure Phase Impacts

No residual noise impacts will remain after decommissioning of the mine. 8.5 Cumulative Noise Impact

Noise Map 8-2 shows the cumulative noise impact in the study area. As explained in Section 8-2-1, this is the increase in ambient level as a result of the progression of mining developments and the establishment of associated infrastructures in the district. Sources of noise (see Table 8-1) contributing to the cumulative impact are all existing Sishen operations, existing operations of other mines in the area, railway operations, as well as future operations of the proposed Sishen Expansion Project. The baseline reference comprises of background ambient noises, plus noise from traffic on public roads. Overall, current mining and mining related activities can be seen to have a very large cumulative noise impact footprint, extending to distances of up to 7 km measured from the north-south axis of existing Sishen operations. Although Sishen mining operations contribute significantly to the cumulative noise impact in the area, it must be cautioned that the impression created by a superficial examination of Noise Map 8-2 may be very misleading.



Firstly, it is clear from inspection of Noise Maps 8-1 and 8-2 that the estimated incremental impact of the Expansion Project is minor compared to the overall cumulative noise footprint; its contribution to the cumulative impact is negligible. Moreover, it should be noted that the extents of the cumulative noise footprint in the surroundings of Sishen Mine is determined predominantly by railway noise, rather than Sishen mining noise. (Note how the cumulative noise footprint clearly follows the trajectories of the railway lines in this area). Further south, where the Sishen-Saldanha railway line runs closer to Sishen Lylyveld and other mines, the cumulative footprint is determined more by noise from those mining operations. This point is further illustrated in Noise Map 8-3, which shows the much smaller cumulative noise footprint calculated by excluding the contribution of railway noise.



Noise Maps

Unmitigated Project and Cumulative Noise Impacts



Noise Map 8-1

Sishen Expansion Project Noise Night-time Incremental Noise Impact

Unmitigated

The 3 dB contour delineates a Low impact and the 5 dB contour a Moderate impact



Noise Map 8-2

Cumulative Noise Impact - Including Railway Noise




2 Other Mines Other mines existing works Towns street traffic

3 Railway Lines Sishen-Saldanha line (b) Residual Domestic Activity

Western Bypass Hotazel line Birds, insects, wind



Noise Map 8-3

Cumulative Noise Impact - Excluding Railway Noise




2 Other Mines Other mines existing works Towns street traffic

(b) Residual Domestic Activity

Birds, insects, wind



9 Mitigation 9.1 Construction Noise

Since the intensity of general construction noise will be relatively low, construction is not

expected to have any noise implications in the external surroundings during day or night-time. No mitigation is required.

9.2 Operation noise Noise produced by the proposed Expansion Project operations will have no discernible effect

on existing ambient noise levels at any of the farm houses, or in the towns and villages in the area. The incremental impact of the Project on any of these receptor areas will be negligible.

The Project is expected to affect temporary residents of the Dingleton Resettlement Village.

The impact will however be of short duration and the problem will resolve itself when residents are relocated. No mitigation of a permanent nature is required.

The Expansion Project does not contribute discernibly to the significant cumulative impacts in

some areas depicted in Noise Map 8-2. These cumulative impacts are addressed in the respective projects contributing to it.

9.3 Decommissioning phase

No mitigation will be required during decommissioning.

9.4 Closure phase No mitigation will be required after decommissioning.



10 Impact Ratings and Risk Summary

10.1 Noise Impact Statements

10.1.1 Construction Phase The nature and implications of the Expansion Project noise impacts in the Construction Phase are as summarised in Table 10-1.

Table 10-1 Noise Impact Statement

Project Phase: Construction

Impact: Noise Impact of Expansion Project construction activities

Receptors: All people living in the area

(Farmhouses, Sesheng, Kathu, Resettlement Village)

Significance of impact

Degree to which impact can be

reversed

Degree to which impact may cause irreplaceable loss

Mitigation possibility

Project construction noise will be of low intensity, of temporary duration and the probability of a significant impact is low.

Noise is a transient phenomenon which leaves no impact or trace upon termination or completion of the noise generating activity.

Construction noise will not affect or cause any loss of resources.

No mitigation is required.



10.1.2 Operation Phase The nature and implications of noise impacts resulting from Expansion Project activities in the Operation Phase are as summarised in Tables 10-2 and 10-3.


Project Phase: Operation

Impact: Opencast pit, waste rock dump and haul road operations

Receptors: All people in the area, except Resettlement Village residents

(Farmhouses, Sesheng, Kathu)



reversed



Although Project operations will generate high levels of noise at source, such noises will not be audible above existing ambient noise at residences in the area. The nearest receptors will be buffered from Expansion Project noises by a combination of distance and noise screening provided by waste rock dumps. There will be no significant impacts on farm houses or residents of Sesheng and Kathu.

Noise is a transient phenomenon which leaves no impact or trace upon completion the noise generating activity.

Project operation noise will not affect or cause any loss of resources.

No mitigation is required.




Project Phase: Operation

Impact: Southern and Dingleton waste rock dump operations

Receptors: Residents of the temporary Resettlement Village



reversed



Noise generated by operations at the South and Dingleton dumps will be audible and will have a significant impact on residents of the Resettlement Village. The impact will however be of short duration, considering that this is a temporary situation until residents are relocated. There is no risk of any long term noise impacts.

Noise is a transient phenomenon which leaves no impact or trace upon completion the noise generating activity.

Project operation noise will not affect or cause any loss of resources.

The problem will resolve itself when residents are relocated. No mitigation of a permanent or long term nature is required.



10.1.3 Decommissioning and Closure Phases Decommissioning Phase Decommissioning noise will not be audible at the nearest receptors and the noise impact will be negligible.

Closure Phase

No residual noise impacts will remain after decommissioning of the mine.

10.2 Noise Impact Ratings

Noise impact ratings are presented in Table 10-4.



Table 10-4 Sishen Expansion Project Noise Impact Ratings

Project Phase Source of Impact Receptor Probability Magnitude Severity

Construction Construction noise Residents of farm houses, Sesheng and Kathu Unlikely Minor Low

Operation Pit, dump and haul road operations All residents in the area, except Resettlement village Unlikely Low Low

Operation South and Dingleton dump operations Residents of Resettlement village Likely Low Medium



11 EMP Noise Monitoring and Management Construction Phase Noise during the construction phase is not expected to cause a significant impact at any of the noise-sensitive locations in the study area. No noise monitoring is required. Operation Phase (a) A noise survey should be carried out after commissioning of the Expansion Project.

(b) With all Sishen Mine operations running, measure noise levels at reference points in the

area most likely to be effected, including locations shown in Figure 11-1, verified and revised on basis of a scoping assessment carried out prior to commencement of Plant commissioning and operation.

(c) Measure the A-weighted equivalent continuous noise level LAeq in a sequence of 10-

minute intervals (LAeq, 10 min), covering a period of preferably 24 hours, but at least the night-time period from 22:00 to 06:00.

(d) Process the data and determine the increase in ambient level caused by Sishen Mine

operations, including the Expansion Project.

(e) Assess the noise impact of Sishen Mine and the Expansion Project and present the findings in a report. If applicable, make recommendations for steps required to mitigate excessive noise.

(f) On account of the findings of the survey, review the necessity for additional

commissioning surveys and the procedures to follow.

(g) Monitoring locations and procedures for annual surveys must be revised prior to each survey and taking the findings of previous surveys into account.

(h) Equipment, calibration and measurement procedures must comply with the

requirements laid down in SANS 10103.

Decommissioning phase Noise during the commissioning phase is not expected to be audible at any of the noise-sensitive locations in the study area. No noise monitoring is required. Closure phase Noise during the closure phase is not expected to be audible at any of the noise-sensitive locations in the study area. No noise monitoring is required.



Figure 11-1

Noise monitoring and sampling location guideline

To be revised at completion and commissioning of Sishen Mine Expansion Project



12 References [1] SANS 10328: Methods for environmental noise impact assessments. [2] SANS 10103: The measurement and rating of environmental noise with respect to land

use, health, annoyance and to speech communication. [3] Acusolv Van Zyl, B G; Sishen Iron Ore Mine – 2015 Annual Environmental Noise

Survey; Report G1243; 07-Dec-2015. [4] Gijima Occupational Hygiene and Environmental Services; Environmental Noise

Survey; Report – 19359 Rev 00; December 2014. [5] Concawe Report 4/81, Manning et al, The propagation of noise from petroleum and

petrochemical complexes to neighbouring communities, Den Haag, May 1981. [6] International Standards Organisation, ISO 9613-1: Attenuation of sound during

propagation outdoors – Part 1: Calculation of the absorption of sound by the atmosphere.

[7] International Standards Organisation, ISO 9613-2: Attenuation of sound during

propagation outdoors – Part 2: General method of calculation. [8] South African National Standards, SANS 10357:2000: The calculation of sound

propagation by the Concawe method. [9] Acusolv Van Zyl B G; Lylyveld South Open Pit Mining Project, Noise Study; Report

G783-R1, July 2010. [10] Acusolv Van Zyl, B G; Sishen EMPR Amendment - Western Waste Rock Dumps; Noise

Study; Report G748-R1; Report G964-R1, July 2012. [11] Department of environment affairs: Noise control regulations under the environment

conservation act, (Act No. 73 of 1989), Government Gazette No. 15423, 14 January 1994.

[12] Acusolv Van Zyl, B G; Sishen Iron Ore Mine – Infrastructure Relocation Project; Noise

Scoping Assessment; Report G748-R1; January 2009.




Acoustical Engineer



Appendix A

Noise Survey Detailed Analyses



Figure A-1 Monitoring Point M1 Residence Farm Fritz 14 to 15 September 2015



Figure A-2 Monitoring Point M2 Residence Farm Grensplaas 14 to 15 September 2015



Figure A-3 Monitoring Point M3 Dingleton Resettlement Village 14 to 15 September 2015



Figure A-4 Monitoring Point M4 Residence Markram 15 to 16 September 2015



Figure A-5 Monitoring Point M5 Sesheng 01 to 02 December 2015



Figure A-6 Monitoring Point M6 Residence Farm Gamagara 01 to 02 December 2015



Figure A-7 Monitoring Point M7 Residence Farm Droomvlei 01 to 02 December 2015



Figure A-8 Monitoring Point M8 Kathu - Bestwood 01 to 02 December 2015

CIRRICULUM VITAE of 76

Noise Study Report

G1285 Van Zyl BG

Appendix B

Curriculum Vitae

CURRICULUM VITAE of 76

Noise Study Report

G1285 Van Zyl BG

ABOUT THE AUTHOR

Dr B G van Zyl

Ben van Zyl is an acoustic consulting engineer in private practice based in Pretoria, South Africa. After graduating with a Batchelor’s degree in electronic engineering from the University of Pretoria in 1970, he worked as Chief Research Engineer in the Acoustics Division of the CSIR. Apart from applied research and consulting in various fields of acoustics, he pioneered the principle and developed practical instrumentation for the measurement of sound intensity, a vector quantity inherent in the formulation of sound power and various other acoustic parameters and properties. This work formed the subject of an MSc (Eng) (Cum Laude), followed by a PhD and sponsorship to develop and assess industrial applications of sound intensity in the Netherlands (Dutch Ministry of the Environment) and Denmark (Brüel & Kjaer). In 1998 he joined Denel where he worked in the SA Space Programme as Manager of Systems Integration and Environmental Test Laboratories. He also worked in the Acoustics Division of the SABS, before venturing into private practice in 1995.

Acusolv

542 Verkenner Avenue

Pretoria, South Africa

Telephone: (+2712 807 4924)

Email: [email protected]


Noise Study Report

G1285 Van Zyl BG

Curriculum Vitae

Barend Gideon van Zyl - ID No 4605105089082 P O Box 70 596, Die Wilgers, 0041; 542 Verkenner Ave, Die Wilgers, Pretoria Qualifications Institution Year Completed

(1) BSc (Eng) Elec University of Pretoria 1970 (2) BSc (Eng) Hon Elec University of Pretoria 1972 (3) MSc (Eng) (Cum Laude) University of Pretoria 1974 (4) PhD University of Natal 1986 MSc thesis: Sound intensity vector measurement PhD thesis: Sound transmission analysis by measurement of sound intensity vector Professional registration and membership

Southern African Acoustics Institute (Fellow) Member since 1974

Career

CSIR 1971 – 1989

Join the Acoustics Division of the Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) in 1971; Chief Specialist Research Engineer 1981 - 1989.

Undertake basic and applied acoustic research & development projects;

Pioneer technique and instrumentation for measurement of sound intensity vector, leading to sponsored research & consulting work in the Netherlands (TNO 1978) and Denmark (Brüel & Kjaer 1981).

Acoustic consulting engineering services rendered in the fields of building acoustics, industrial noise control, acoustic materials development & environmental acoustics.

Advena 1989 – 1990

SA Space Programme: Manager Systems Integration & Environmental Test Laboratories;

Design and commissioning of ultra-high noise simulation facilities for endurance testing of rocket launch vehicles, spacecraft, satellites, instrumentation and payload.

SABS 1991 – 1994

Acoustic consulting engineering services rendered to industry

Building acoustics, industrial noise control and environmental acoustics.

Acusolv Private Practice Since 1995

Private practice - Sole proprietor - Acoustic consulting engineering

EIA noise surveys; Blast noise measurement & assessment

Acoustical engineering design & problem solving: Industrial & Machinery noise, Vehicle noise (road, rail & air)

Theatre Acoustics, Building Acoustics

Specialised services: Theoretical analysis & design of multi-layered acoustic panels.

SABS Laboratory & Field testing: Building systems and materials, Equipment & machinery noise

Papers and publications

Several papers presented at international congresses and symposia.

Several papers published in international acoustic journals, such as Journal of the Acoustical Society of America; Applied Acoustics; Noise Control Engineering Journal.

Several papers published in Southern African journals. Other

Part-time lecturer: Architectural acoustics, Department of Architecture, University of Pretoria;

Associate of and specialist advisor to SABS Laboratory for Sound and Vibration


Noise Study Report

G1285 Van Zyl BG

Ben van Zyl PhD MSc (Eng)

T/A Acusolv [email protected]

Tel: 012 807 4924 Fax: 086 508 1122

P O Box 70596 Die Wilgers 0041 542 Verkenner Ave Die Wilgers Pretoria

Practice Profile Sole Proprietor: Dr Ben van Zyl Practicing since 1995. Based in Pretoria South Africa, Ben van Zyl T/A Acusolv is an independent sole proprietor acoustic consulting engineering practice with in-house expertise and experience in various acoustic disciplines, including:

Building acoustics: Theatre design, offices, Green Star Rating design and assessment

Environmental noise: EIA studies; noise modelling, noise monitoring surveys

Blast noise monitoring and assessment

Industrial noise: Testing, problem investigation and problem solving

Engineering design for noise reduction

Test and evaluation

Acoustic materials development. Acusolv is equipped with state-of-the-art acoustic measuring instruments employed in noise monitoring surveys, measurement of blast noise, laboratory and field testing of systems and materials and as diagnostic aid in the investigation and solving of noise problems.



Noise Study Report

G1285 Van Zyl BG

Ben van Zyl PhD MSc (Eng)

T/A Acusolv [email protected]

Tel: 012 807 4924 Fax: 086 508 1122

P O Box 70596 Die Wilgers 0041 542 Verkenner Ave Die Wilgers Pretoria

Examples of projects

Acoustic Field: Environmental Noise & EIA

Project For Aspects

Gauteng Waste Plant S E Solutions Impact study: New waste plant

Swartland Centurus Residential and commercial development - traffic

Mapoch II Marlin Granite Quarry Impact study: Blasting, open cast mining

Delmas Extension: mining dev Ingwe Coal Corp Noise EIA – Plant, conveyors, trains, roads

Twistdraai new access roads Sasol Coal Noise EIA – Roads, conveyors

Bosjesspruit shaft ventilation fans Sasol Coal Noise EIA; shaft & ventilation fan noise rural area

Hillendale new mining development Iscor Heavy Minerals Noise EIA – Plant, road transport

Empangeni Central Processing Plant Iscor Heavy Minerals Noise EIA – Large processing plant

Rooiwater mining development Iscor Mining Noise EIA – Plants, road & rail transport

Sigma overland conveyor Sasol Mining Conveyors: Analyse sources of conveyor noise

Sigma overland conveyor Sasol Mining Noise EIA – Conveyors measurement survey

Maputo steel project Gibb Africa Noise EIA peer review: trains, slurry pipe

Pump station noise Transvaal Suiker Bpk Noise EIA & Design for noise reduction

GPMC Environmental Resources Plan GPMC Noise policy & resources plan

Damelin College Randburg Titan Construction Assess impact of traffic noise on college + design

Atterbury Value Mart Parkdev Land use planning - City Council requirements noise

Holmes Place HAC London V Z de Villiers Land use planning - City Council requirements noise

Elmar College Pretoria Iscor Pension Fund Assess impact of traffic noise on college + design

Sanae 4 Base Antarctica Dept Public Works Noise impact design for control - Plant rooms

New truck fuel & service station Bulktrans Noise EIA & Design for noise control

Country Lane Country Lane Dev Land use planning – Road traffic noise impact

Randburg Water Front Randburg City Advisor & specialist court witness

Syferfontein overland conveyor Sasol Coal Noise impact as function of idler properties

Twistdraai East mining noise Sasol Coal Mitigation of noise impact on neighbouring farm

Little Loftus – The Rest Nelspruit TAP de Beer Sports bar - Impact study

Blast noise Somchem Blast noise impact assess & design noise control

Syferfontein overland conveyor Sasol Coal Noise impact as function of conveyor design

Leeuwpan Mine Delmas district Iscor/Ticor Noise EIA – Plant noise, loading

Fairbreeze open cast mine KwaZulu Iscor/Ticor Noise EIA – Open cast mining; plant, transport

Brandspruit mine Sasol Noise EIA - Ventilation fan noise rural area

Irene Ext 47 Irene Land Dev Corp Noise EIA - Mixed development; road traffic noise

Irene Ext 55 Irene Land Dev Corp Noise EIA - Residential; road traffic noise

Lynnwood filling station & car wash Town Planning Hub Noise EIA: Filling station & car wash in residential

Lyttleton 190 Ferero Noise EIA: Residential next to N1 highway

Twistdraai N-East Mine shaft Sasol Mining Noise EIA; shaft & ventilation fan noise rural area



Noise Study Report

G1285 Van Zyl BG

Acoustic Field: Environmental Noise & EIA (Continued)

Project For Aspects

Wesput open cast mine Petmin Noise EIA: Blasting, excavation & transport

Gedex open cast mine Petmin Noise EIA: Open cast excavation & transport

Kensington college Centurus Noise EIA: Sport grounds, roads

Spandow mine shaft Sasol Mining Noise EIA; shaft & ventilation fan noise rural area

Twistdraai Central Mine Shaft Sasol Mining Noise EIA; shaft & ventilation fan noise rural area

Addington Hospital Delen Oudkerk Equipment outdoor noise impact & mitigation

Fourways Gardens Country Club Fourways Gardens Music noise impact assess & design for mitigation

Irene Ext 29 Irene Land Dev Corp Noise EIA: New township & highway noise

Pick ‘n Pay Warehouse Meadowbrook Pick ‘n Pay Truck movement & loading: Assessment

Irene Sports Academy Centurus Impact assessment: Sports grounds & road traffic

Jameson substation transformer EThekwini Municipal Transformer noise: Assess & design mitigation

Eugene Marais Hospital Eugene Marais Hosp Plantroom & outdoor equipment impact & mitigate

Klipspruit mine wash plant Billiton & DRA Coal wash plant infra-sound: design for mitigation

Eagle Quarry Mapochs Action Quarry new application: peer review

Blast Test Facility Somchem Denel Blast noise impact: assess & design for mitigation

Virgin Active Sandton Gym Virgin Active Aerobics, squash & equipment: assess & mitigate

Conveyor noise study Bateman Overland conveyor noise: Causes & parameters

Zuid Afrikaans Hospital Z A Hospital Chiller outdoor noise: design for mitigation

K54 Road Tshwane Noise Study: Future road through residential

PWV6 Road Gautrans Noise Study: Future highway noise contours

Zandfontein mine shaft Sasol Mining Noise Study: Mine shaft & fan noise outdoor impact

Pierre van Ryneveld Ext 24 Van Vuuren Dev Noise EIA: New township & highway noise

PFG Glass new float plant PFG Glass Noise EIA: Future plant noise in residential area

Sterkfontein residential development M&T Noise EIA: Road noise impact mitigation

Sasol future Irenedale mine Sasol Noise EIA: Prediction of shaft & conveyor noise

Ammunition demolition SA Army Noise EIA: Long distance noise impact assess

Rietvlei Ridge residential development M&T Noise EIA: Road noise impact mitigation

Mooiplaats / Hoekplaats Chieftain Noise EIA: Road noise impact mitigation

Sasol Syferfontein conveyor Bateman Noise EIA: Noise complaints from farmers

Madagascar Toliara Sands Exxaro Noise EIA: Future mining, plant, transport

Rooipoort Mine Sasol Mining Noise EIA: Mining and conveyor noise

Vlakplaats Quantum Noise EIA: Residential development

Polokwane 2010 Soccer stadium Africon Noise EIA: Stadium noise in residential area

New Clydesdale colliery Exxaro Noise EIA: Open cast mining, blasting and plant

Grootfontein ventilation shaft Sasol Mining Noise EIA: Ventilation shaft & surface fan

Cicada Pycna mating call study Anglo Platinum Cicada mating call – Mining noise interference

Weltevreden ventilation shaft Sasol Mining Noise EIA: Ventilation shaft & surface fan

Leandra North new colliery Ingwe Noise EIA: Mining development

PTM new platinum mine PTM Platinum Noise EIA: Mining development

Lyttleton X191 Pro-Direct Noise EIA, new residential development

Barking noise nuisance Vd Merwe Barking noise measurements, specialist report


Noise Study Report

G1285 Van Zyl BG


Project For Aspects

Vanggatfontein Exxaro/Metago Noise EIA: Open-cast mine

Forfar clay mining extension Forfar/Zimbiwe Noise EIA: Open-cast clay mining operations

Luhfereng Doringkop development Bigen Noise EIA: Mixed development, train noise

K113 Road noise study Heartland/Bokamoso Noise EIA: Road, mixed development

Eland Mine Exstrata/Metago Noise EIA: New access road for product transport

Sheraton Hotel Pan Pacific Property Noise EIA: Hotel impact on residential area

Sishen Infrastructure Relocation Kumba/Synergistics Noise EIA: Railway route options evaluation

Tharisa Mine noise monitoring Tharisa/Metago Baseline noise monitoring surveys

Sishen Mine baseline monitoring Kumba/Synergistics Baseline noise monitoring surveys

Sishen Mine Protea discard dump Kumba/Synergistics Discard dump location - Noise screening assess

Eastplats Barplats/Metago Noise EIA: New vertical shaft

Inyanda Mine noise disturbance Exxaro Noise surveys: Noise complaints investigation

Irenedale Mine commissioning Sasol Mining Noise Monitoring: New shaft operation phase

Honey Ridge indoor shooting range Insul-Coustic Design for noise reduction

Sishen Mine expansion project 2 Kumba/Synergistics Noise EIA: New processing plant Sishen mine

Sishen Mine noise monitoring Kumba Iron Ore Peer review: Baseline survey

Sishen Mine new 10 MTon plant Kumba/AGES Noise EIA: New 10 MTon processing plant

Khameni Kalkfontein/Tamboti Mine Khameni/Metago Noise EIA: New opencast mine and plant

Exxaro Kalbasfontein rail load-out Exxaro Noise survey: Assess impact of railway loud-out

Sishen Mine Lylyveld development Kumba/EGES Noise EIA: New opencast mine & transport

Haasfontein new opencast mine Exxaro/Synergistics Noise EIA: New underground mine + conveyor

Westlake mixed development Heartland/SEF Noise EIA: New urban mixed development

Marlboro road M60 Heartland/SEF Noise EIA: New road traffic noise modelling

Driefontein Mine Goldfields Noise scoping assessment and recommendations

Bokfontein Chrome Mine Hernic/Metago Noise EIA: New furnaces and beneficiation plant

Eland opencast mine extensions Exstrata/Metago Noise EIA: Opencast mine extensions

Tharisa Mine EMP noise monitoring Tharisa/Metago EMP noise monitoring survey 1

Dragline noise reduction Kriel Anglo Coal Dragline noise – Design for noise reduction

Ivory Coast noise studies Metago Peer review

Eskom Grootvlei Power Station Insul-Coustic Design for noise reduction - internal

Inyanda Mine Exxaro Design for plant noise reduction - enviromental

Swakkop Uranium Husab Project Swakkop Uranium Noise EIA: New open-cast operation & plant

Sasol Shondoni Shaft Sasol Mining Noise EIA: New shaft and overland conveyor

Vanggatfontein EMP Keaton EMP annual noise surveys

Doornpoort Plaza Service Station Petroland Noise EIA: New service station on N4 highway

Hawerklip railway load facility Exxaro Noise EIA: New railway coal loading facility

Lusthof Coal Mine Black Gold Noise EIA: New open-cast coal mine

Conveyor noise parameters Melco Research investigation: Conveyor noise

Sishen discard dumps Kumba Noise EIA: New discard dumps at Sishen

Impala Shafts 18 & 19 Impala Platinum Noise EIA: New shafts & infrastructure

Tharisa noise complaint investigation Tharisa Minerals Noise complaint investigation, survey & assessment

Moonlight Iron Ore Project Turquoise Moon Noise EIA: New Open-cast mine and plant

New Largo Anglo Coal Noise EIA: New Open-cast mine


Noise Study Report

G1285 Van Zyl BG


Project For Aspects

Phola-Kusile conveyor Anglo Coal Noise EIA: New conveyor to Kusile Power Station

Leeuw Colliery Leeuw Mine Noise EIA: Leeuw Utrecht Colliery

Letaba Crushers F Kruger Noise complaint investigation, survey & assessment

Sasol Shondoni Conveyor Sasol Design measures for conveyor noise reduction

Aquarius Everest Mine SLR Metago Noise EIA: New shafts and infrastructure

Anglo Kriel Beneficiation Plant SRK Noise EIA: New coal beneficiation plant

Tharisa Mine expansions SLR Metago Noise EIA: Plant and opencast mine expansion

NN Metals processing plant Bokamoso Noise EIA and certification Tshwane

Magazynskraal Mine SLR Metago Noise EIA: Future opencast mine

Anglo Kriel Block F AACT Noise EIA: Future underground mine & shafts

Wallmannsthal Fluor Spar AGES Noise EIA: Future Opencast mine & Plant

Thubelisha Conveyor Sasol Mining Conveyor noise tests & impact assessment

SANDF Bethlehem Demolition Range Rheinmetall Blast noise: Tests & impact assessment

SANDF Kroonstad Demolition Range Rheinmetall Blast noise: Tests & impact assessment

Tharisa West Mine Tharisa Minerals Noise monitoring & assessment

Impala Platinum Shaft 18 SLR Metago Noise EIA: Future Shaft development

Kitumba Copper Mine Zambia AGES Noise EIA: Future mine and Plant

Anglo New Denmark Destoning Plant SRK Noise EIA: New Destoning Plant

Nyumba Gold & Copper Mine (DRC) SRK Noise EIA: Cement Plant and Quarry

Kamoto (DRC) SRK Noise EIA: Copper opencast mine and plant

Exxaro Inyanda Mine Exxaro Noise complaints investigation, monitoring

Exxaro Inyanda Mine Exxaro Develop Plant Noise Reduction Strategy

Frontier Saldanha Plant AGES Noise EIA: Separation Plant

Sedex REE Mine Zandkopsdrift AGES Noise EIA: Mine and Processing Plant

Anglo Alexander Project Synergistics Noise EIA: New coal mine with conveyors

TFM DRC Acid Plant SRK Noise EIA Acid Plant extension DRC

TFM DRC Haul Road SRK Noise EIA New Haul Roads DRC

Anglo noise reduction programme Anglo Noise reduction design – Underground vehicles

PPC Barnett DRC SRK Noise EIA new cement mine and plant DRC

A-Cap Expansion Project Botswana SLR Noise EIA new Uranium mine Botswana

FNB Faerie Glen ARUP Data Centre Plant noise study & NR design

FNB Randburg ARUP Data Centre Plant noise study & NR design

Mkhombi Cascade Mining Project Ethical Exchange Noise EIA screening assessment

Eldoraigne Cricket Building Eldoraigne School Noise assessment and design for noise control

Glen Douglas Mine expansion Warburton EIA peer review

Mc Donald’s Generator Tshwane Municipality Generator noise compliance certification

Southern Implants Generator Southern Implants Generator noise compliance certification

Tharisa Mine Annual noise survey Tharisa Minerals EMPR 2015 Annual noise survey

Eastway Centre Plants & machines City Property Tshwane noise compliance tests & certification

PwC Building Waterfall Midrand Atterbury Construction noise monitor


Noise Study Report

G1285 Van Zyl BG

Acoustic Field: Industrial, machinery & equipment noise control

Project For Aspects

Iscor New Compressor House Voest Alpine Design for noise reduction, inspection & testing

Botswana TV centre Air-con system Atlantic Tech Design for control of plantroom & ducted noise

Granulation plant DOW Plastics Design for noise reduction, inspection & testing

CS2 Xantate plant DOW Chemicals Design for noise reduction, inspection & testing

Alkylate chemical plant DOW Chemicals Design for noise reduction, inspection & testing

SAP 4 Acid plant Sasol Agri Palaborwa Design for noise reduction, inspection & testing

Motor pump enclosures Sulzer Design of noise hoods for large motor-pump units

Rite Value Refrigeration Plant Rite Value Problem solving & design for noise reduction

Sugar mills pump station TSB Design for noise reduction – noise impact control

Pferd factory noise reduction Pferd SA Problem solving & design factory noise reduction

Alusaf Bayside compressor plant Alusaf Problem solving & design for noise reduction

Alusaf Bayside blower plant Alusaf Problem solving & design for noise reduction

Alusaf Bayside cold rolling mill Alusaf Problem solving & design for noise reduction

Sinter plant Van der Bijl Park Iscor Noise reduction strategy & requirements

Blast furnace fan noise Universal Fans Design for fan noise reduction

Aircraft Engine test facility Kentron Design for noise control – environmental impact

Sulphuric acid plant noise Fedmis Design for noise reduction, inspection & testing

Automotive assembly line Nissan Design & commissioning noise reduction canopies

Scrubber fan noise RBM Design for noise reduction

Ship unloader machine room noise Algroup Alusuisse Design for noise reduction

Paint plant noise Daimler Chrysler Design for noise reduction on skid cleaner

Mail sorting centre plantroom noise Telkom Sapos Design for plantroom noise control

Scrubber system and fan noise Aquachlor Design for noise reduction

Power station turbine hall noise Eskom Design for noise reduction

Mill noise PPC Design for noise reduction in control rooms & offices

Plantroom noise Vodacom Design for noise control in offices

G6 armoured veh power plant noise SME Design enclosure for noise control

Carltonville hospital boiler plant noise Gauteng Health Dept Design for noise reduction

Refinery noise Rand Refineries Diagnostic investigation & strategy for noise reduct

Engine test facility ultra-high noise Sasol Design for sound proofing engine test facility

Chiller plant noise Dep Public Works Design for noise reduction

New Chipper Plant Sappi Tugela Plant building design for external noise control

Transformers Hawker Siddeley Acoustic test and evaluation

Sappi Enstra Paper Mill Sappi SA Noise reduction programme and design

Blast noise Somchem Blast noise eval; test facility design for noise control

Mill noise Anglo Platinum Bond mill & sieve shaker design for noise reduction

Vibration screen infra-sound problem Billiton Problem analysis and design for infra-sound control

Bucket repair workshop S A Coal Estates Design enclosures & screens for noise reduction

LoadHallDump vehicle noise reduction Anglo-Coal Design ventilated hood for noise reduction

PMR Precious metal refinery Anglo Platinum Excessive ventilation noise: design to reduce

Pebble bed ball impact test facility Necsa Noise control booth design


Noise Study Report

G1285 Van Zyl BG

Acoustic Field: Industrial, machinery & equipment noise control (Continued)

Project For Aspects

Sasol Syferfontein conveyor Sasol Mining Design: Overland conveyor noise reduction

SARS Alberton new building SARS Plantroom design for noise impact control

Sulzer large flow bend Insul-Coustic Design bend treatment for flow noise control

BMW wax & seal test facility Insul-Coustic Test facility soundproofing design - Metal cutting

Kumba induction panel test facility Kumba Test facility soundproofing

KZN P Maritz B new legislative offices KZN Dept P Works Plantrooms and machinery design for noise control

Alstom 32 MVA Power transformer Alstom Power transformer noise output tests

Waterfall Boven Nkalanga Municipal New water purification design for noise control

Conveyor noise study Bateman Overland conveyor noise: Causes & parameters

Harvest House Pretoria Desmo Eng Chiller & cooler plant design noise screening meas

Ventilation fan noise problem Anglo Coal Surface ventilation fan - Design noise reduction

Sasol Syferfontein conveyor Sasol Mining Diagnostic analysis: noise generating mechanisms

Sasol Syferfontein conveyor Sasol Mining Design: Overland conveyor noise reduction

Metal press noise TRW Design enclosures & screens for noise reduction

Stone Duster Vehicle Bird Machines New vehicle – Design & achieve noise spec

Gautrain Insul-Coustic Construction sites – Design noise enclosures

Exxaro High-frequency generator Insul-Coustic Noise enclosure and soundproofing design

Unisa new registration building Unisa Plantroom noise predictions and design inputs

Columbus Steel Insul-Coustic Control room and pulpit soundproofing design

Sesane TV studios Insul-Coustic Plantroom and machinery noise reduction design

Safour air plant noise reduction Insul-Coustic Compressor enclosure and soundproofing design

Rustenburg Mine Laboratories Rustenburg Mine Design for machine noise reduction

Anglo Research Lab Mills Anglo American Research lab mills, design for noise reduction

Safripol Blowers Safripol Blower noise, design for noise reduction

Eskom Grootvlei Power Station Insul-Coustic Design NR, boardrooms, offices

Exxaro Inyanda Mine Exxaro Noise Reduction Strategy

Locomotive air-conditioning system Booyco Design to meet Alstom noise spec

Gecko Rapid Deployment Vehicle LMT Noise Reduction – Strategy and Design

Sasol Wright 356 & Toro 350 LHD Sasol Mining LHD Vehicles design for noise reduction

Denel B43 Chiller Plant Denel Chiller Plant design for noise reduction

Eskom substation Fourways Insul-Coustic Design for noise reduction

Grain Building Chiller Plant Grain Building Design for noise reduction

In-Shere Shopping Centre Plant Golden Properties Design for noise reduction


Noise Study Report

G1285 Van Zyl BG

Acoustic Field: Specialised services

Project For Aspects

Specialist advisor to SABS LVA SABS Specialist advisor for SABS Acoustics Laboratory

Pakistan Airforce: Missile assessment Dep Trade & Industry Assessments non-proliferation treaty

Taiwan push-pull loco bullet train Union Carriage Driver's cabin speech intelligibility & noise control

NRZ rail coaches Union Carriage Acoustic design for noise reduction

Locomotive Class 9E Electrical Sishen Alstom Design upgrade - Noise reduction for hearing safety

Theoretical analysis sound insulation CSIR & several other Predict/analyse acoustical properties of materials

Overland coal conveyor noise Sasol Diagnostic analysis: noise generating mechanisms

G6 artillery vehicle – Gun shot noise LIW Acoustic measurements & assessment hearing risk

Locomotive Class 11E Electrical Spoornet Design upgrade - Noise reduction for hearing safety

Dakota aircraft upgrade Aerosud Design for noise reduction

Hearing damage gunshot noise SA Police Hearing conservation programme

New drywall product development BPB Gypsum Theoretical analysis of acoustical properties

Power generators outside broadcast Ontrack Noise reduction and field tests

Ermelo – Richards Bay Locomotive Transwerk Design upgrade speech intelligibility & noise control

Indoor artillery test facility Somchem Design for environmental noise control

MUF building systems Chipboard Industries System acoustic evaluation and development

Locomotive Class 34GM Diesel-elec Spoornet Design upgrade - Noise reduction for hearing safety




Locomotive Class 34GE Diesel-elec Spoornet Design upgrade - Noise reduction for hearing safety



SABS acoustic test lab validation SABS Assess & validate SABS test laboratory & method

Mobile partitioning system L J Doors Design input to improve insulation performance

Locomotive Class 7E Elec Spoornet Design upgrade - Noise reduction for hearing safety

Weapons and ammunition demolition SA Navy Measurement of hi-explosives detonation noise

Locomotive Class 19E Elec UCW New Coal-link locomotive – Low noise design

Locomotive Class 15E Elec UCW New Sishen iron ore loco - Low noise design

Soshalowa power car Transnet Train set power car sound-proofing design

Locomotive hooters Transnet Study hooter audibility at level crossings

Aluglass building systems Aluglass Acoustic panel theoretical evaluation

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