Bellwork (back of books)

1. If urbanisation is the answer what is the question? (List two questions that it could be the answer for)

2. If rural is the answer what is the question? (List three questions)

3. If shanty town is the answer what is the question? (List two questions)

4. If migration is the answer what is the question? (List two questions)

Counterurbanisation

Key Questions:•What is counterurbanisation?•Why has it happened?•What are the results?

Learning Objectives:•Explain the term counterurbanisation•Classify c-urb cause and effect

Homelearning• Use the VLE to look at this

powerpoint and read the St Ives casestudy

• Follow this structure to develop your own casestudy on either:

Altofts, Allerton Bywater, Ackworth, Methley or Kippax

• Each of these have developed as a result of counter urbanisation

What is…

What is it ?

The process of people moving away from urban areas to smaller

settlements and rural areas.

Leads to the growth of rural areas beyond the city.

The boundary between rural and urban becomes less obvious as

more people become involved in counter urbanisation.

Depopulation of major urban areas to small areas.

Definition• The movement of people to rural

areas from urban areas• Leaving the cities and moving to

smaller towns and villages• PLUS - Wider World pg 26

2 Trends1. Move of employment to rural

areas2. Move of people who commute to

towns

Thinking skillsTHINK PAIR SHARE

Question: Which do you think is the biggest

trend and why…

1. Move of employment to rural areasOR

2. Move of people who commute to towns

Share!

Images to reflect 1

Questions to discuss (2mins)

• Why are so many of us leaving the city for the country?

• Where would you live if you had the choice? e.g. big city, small town, village

– What if you had a family?

When?

Time• Counter urbanisation began in the

UK in the 1960s• It had been happening before this

but this was a time where many more began to move

• By 1990 a net movement of 1,700 people were leavingfor rural areas from the cities

Who?

Who?• Affluent• Mobile• Families with children

Write brief suggestions as to why each of these three groups would move out of cities… (5 minutes)

Why?

Why? • As before… PUSH and PULL factors• In this case RURAL PULL and

URBAN PUSH• These can be classified two ways…Firstly by push and pull

Video clip!

Push or Pull?

• Traffic congestion

• Pollution

• Retirement

• Fear of crime

• Rural idyll

• New/modern houses

• Overcrowding

• Expensive repairs

to old houses

• Unemployment

• Work flexibility

• Derelict shops

• Room for

expansion

• Know your

neighbours

Bellwork (back of books)1. Explain the difference between

urbanisation and counter urbanisation

2. What changes to ‘rural’ areas does counter urbanisation have?

3. How might this ‘mess up’ the settlement hierarchy?

Counterurbanisation

Key Questions:•What is counterurbanisation?•Why has it happened?•What are the results?

Learning Objectives:•Explain the term counterurbanisation•Classify c-urb cause and effect

Homelearning• Use the VLE to look at this

powerpoint and read the St Ives casestudy

• Follow this structure to develop your own casestudy on either:

Altofts, Allerton Bywater, Ackworth, Methley or Kippax

• Each of these have developed as a result of counter urbanisation

Why?Secondly by ECONOMIC, SOCIAL and

ENVIRONMENTAL reasons

Simplify the statements on the next slides and place them in the correct place on your Venn diagram!

Why? 1. Environmental and social problems

with inner cities pushed people away from urban areas. At the same time, more rural areas were seen as peaceful, unpolluted, offering greater space and the community spirit that was lacking in inner city areas

2. The growing popularity of the 'out-of-town' industrial and businesses parks as location for employment as industry also became unsatisfied with inner city areas

Why? 3. Improvements in rural transport

infrastructures and increased car ownership allowed a greater freedom of choice when choosing where to live

4. The growth in Information Communication Technology (E-mail, Fax, Video-conferencing) has allowed further freedom as people can work from home and are not so tied to urban areas

Why?5. For social reasons, as people re-

acquaint with family or friends, retire to a quiet place, believe the countryside to be more suitable for families or decide the climate/environment is better for their health

Impacts

Impacts

• House prices can be pushed up as migrants sell expensive city properties and earn higher city wages. This can force young people to leave the village because they cannot afford a house

• Public transport goes into decline because the new residents are car owners. This can be a major problem for village residents without their own transport, particularly the elderly. This problem is compounded by…

Impacts• Traditional rural services start to close

as the new population will be reliant on the services of the urban environment such as the supermarket. The closures of village stores and post offices have caused major problems in many rural areas.

• Those shops and services that survive often find that they have to change to meet the needs of the new population. So the pub becomes a restaurant, the blacksmith now makes garden furniture and the butcher a delicatessen.

Impacts• As a large percentage of the migrants

will be commuting to work traffic congestion increases. The problem is accentuated by the fact that they will be driving on narrow country roads.

• Increase car pollution and accidents

• Change community spirit and traditional values

• Increase population

Impacts• Improvements in local services -

gas mains, TV and` cable, local schools

• Support for a selection of local facilities - generally public houses and local builders (WHY?)

Effects on the Inner CityThe people who leave the inner city tend to be qualified and skilled.

This leaves behind an untrained workforce.

They are usually home owners

People left behind are usually working class, semi skilled.

Population decline means that the city looses out on local taxation revenue e.g. council tax.

This means less funds for the key facilities decrease.

Not for everyone?

Moving back

•Some find rural life is not for them

•WHO? Young couples, older people

•WHY? Range of services, commuting, entertainment

•WHERE TO? Apartments (secure), town houses

Plenary cube• Using the random names• I’ll throw the cube• The sticks decide who answers the

questions on today’s learning

Case Study : St Ives Cambridge

Location:65m North of London

Lies on the A1123 just of the A14 which links St Ives with Cambridge and provides access to the A1 which is a road straight into London.

Regular trains make the access to the cities of Cambridge and London very easy.

High car ownership within the village.

What has attracted people to St Ives ?

Housing in the area is affordable

Journey times are much quick as a result of the new railway lines which have electrified.

Evidence of change •The population structures of the town are changing from a once ageing village to a

number of young people in the area. •A large proportion of the people are

working outside of the town •25% of St Ives population commute to

London every day.

The Effects on St Ives•There have been a considerable number of

new housing developments around the periphery of St Ives.

•There has been an increase in new exclusive apartments in and around the town and

particularly along the river Ouse.•People in St Ives have a higher income

compared to the rest of the UK with higher incomes they can afford the higher travel costs

to London, which may be for petrol or train fares.

•Increasing demand for riverside apartments as a result of a large percentage of people wanting to retire to St Ives

•There is an increasing proportion of people who can afford the rising cost of property (commuters) and the people who work on the farms, part time wages or training schemes.

There is some resistance to the building of more homes from the local residents, but many of these do not want their newly chosen environment changed.

The increased use of St Ives Railway Station

•Farm buildings are being turned into luxury property around St Ives

•The double in value of the property in the area.

•The increase in construction of council housing in the area.

•The increase rate at which farm building conversions are taking place.

•Current Policy in ST Ives : Any further developments must make a positive contribution to the overall character of the area.

Outer suburbs

rural-urban fringe

urbanisation

CBD

Urban

hierarchy

Counter-urbanisation

rural