Bell Work 10-19-16

p. 255 skill builder

Agenda

-notes

-invention activity

-study guide

Homework:

1. Notecards due tomorrow

2. Study Guide due Friday

3. Vocab quiz Friday

4. Test over ch. 6 & 7 Friday

Chapter 7 Section 2

The Challenges of Urbanization

Urban Opportunities

1. The technological boom of the 19th century contributed to growing industrial strength.

2. Urbanization, or growth of cities, mostly in the regions of the Northeast & Midwest.

3. Most immigrants settled in cities.

4. Cheapest and most convenient places to live.

5. The Americanization Movement was designed to assimilate people into dominant culture.

6. Ethnic communities provided social

support.

7. Enabled people to speak their own

language and keep traditions.

8. Farming technology made farming more

efficient.

9. Needed less labor. People moved to

cities for work.

Urban Problems

1. Advances in technology (steel & elevator) made taller buildings more practical.

2. Most people lived in poverty in the cities.

3. People lived in tenaments – rundown apartment buildings.

4. Tenements were usually within walking distance of the factories, stockyards, and ports where poor people worked.

5. Tenement life was unhealthy.

6. Building lacked light and ventilation.

7. Streets and alleys were filled with trash and sewage.

8. No indoor plumbing.

9. Many women held jobs outside the home.

How different classes lived

1. The Wealthy

a. Made their money in industry & business

b. Showed off their wealth in their homes.

2. The Middle Class

a. Made up of corporate employees: accountants, managers, & professionals (teachers, lawyers, doctors, & engineers)

b. Professional organizations began to set standards for certain occupations.

3. The Working Class

Reformers Mobilize

1. Settlement house- a place where

volunteers offered immigrants services.

2. First American settlement house in

America was Hull House in Chicago,

founded by Jane Addams.

3. Many workers believed in the concept of

social gospel- the idea that faith should

be expressed through good works.

Chapter 7 Section 3

Politics in the Gilded Age

Political Scandal & Reform

1. Control of local gov’t passed to a political machine, which was an organization of professional politicians.

2. Political machines were often corrupt.

3. Machine bosses won support by giving people jobs.

4. Won elections by fraudulent means.

5. Used positions to gain money in exchange for city contracts

6. The most notorious political machine

was Tammany Hall in NYC.

7. William Mary Tweed (Boss Tweed)

became head of Tammany Hall in 1863.

8. He used his postion to make himself and

his friends (Tweed Ring) rich.

9. He was convicted of fraud and sent to

prison.

Civil Service Replaces Patronage

1. Patronage- giving of gov’t jobs to people who helped a candidate get elected.

2. People received jobs whether qualified or not.

3. Rutherford B. Hayes could not convince Congress to support reform.

4. James A. Garfield, elected in 1880, killed on July 2, 1880 by a lawyer who was turned down for a job.

5. Chester A. Arthur became president.

6. Encouraged Congress to pass Pendleton Civil Service Act- gov’t jobs based on merit (Civil Service Exam)

Business Buys Influence

1. The alliance between gov’t and big business became stronger than ever.

2. Tariffs were raised on manufactured goods (McKinley Tariff Act)

3. Raised prices on goods and benefited big business.

4. New developments in areas ranging from technology to mass culture would help redefine American society as the U.S. moved into the 20th century.

The Election of 1896

10. Rep. William McKinley ran against

Dem. William Jenning Bryant.

11. McKinley won the election.

12. Becoming the 25th president.