bell ringer: read pg. 316-321
TRANSCRIPT
HEALTHLesson 2
Bell Ringer:Read pg. 316-3211. What causes infectious disease?2. What are the different types of pathogens?3. How are infectious diseases spread?
Prevention and Control of Disease
PathogensDisease causing agents
that have the ability to make you sick or even cause death
They are found in the air and food and on nearly every object or person who you come in contact with
Unit 5: Prevention & Control of Disease
Uncontrollable Risk Factors
Heredity Chromosomal traits and family history
Aging Vulnerability increases with age
Environmental Conditions Unsanitary conditions, drugs, chemicals, and pollutants
Organism Resistance Some pathogens are resistant to our body’s defenses and/or
medical treatments
Unit 5: Prevention & Control of Disease
Controllable Risk FactorsStressNutritionPhysical fitness levelSleepDrug useHygieneHigh-risk behaviors
Unit 5: Prevention & Control of Disease
Routes of Pathogen TransmissionDirect Contact Touching, kissing, sexual relations
Indirect Contact Touching an object that an infected person has had contact with
Airborne Contact Breathing in air that carries
a pathogenFood-borne infection Eating something that is
contaminated by microorganisms
Unit 5: Prevention & Control of Disease
Routes of Pathogen TransmissionAnimal-borne pathogens Animals can spread diseases through bites, feces, or by
carrying infected insects into living areas
Water-borne diseases Transmitted from drinking water, from foods washed or
sprayed with contaminated water, or from wading or swimming in contaminated streams, lakes or reservoirs
Perinatal Mothers can transmit diseases to an infant in the womb or as
the baby passes through the vagina during birth
Unit 5: Prevention & Control of Disease
Bacteria Single-celled organisms There are several thousands of species, but only
about 100 cause diseases in humans Most of the time it is not the bacteria that is causing
the diseases, but it is the toxins that are produced by the bacteria
They can be seen under a standard microscope
Bacterial Diseases Staphylococcal Infections These bacteria are normally on our skin at all times and usually
do not cause problems When a cut or break in the skin occurs, the bacteria may enter
and cause an infection Acne, boils, styes (eyelid infections), wounds are common
staph infections
Bacterial Diseases Streptococcal
Infections Causes strep throat
and scarlet fever Pneumonia One form is caused by a bacterial
infection with the following symptoms chronic cough, chest pain, chills, high fever, fluid accumulation and eventual respiratory failure
Bacterial infections are commonly handledwith antibiotics
Bacterial Diseases Legionnaire’s Disease A water-borne disease with
symptoms similar to those of pneumonia
Tuberculosis (TB) An airborne disease where
bacteria infiltrate the lungs and cause a chronic inflammatory reaction
Symptoms include coughing, weight loss, fever and spitting up blood
Viruses Minute parasitic microbes that live inside another
cell Over 150 viruses are known to cause diseases in
humans
Viruses Viral diseases are hard to treat because many can withstand heat,
chemicals and large doses of radiation with little effect on their structure.
A virus once it enters the body - lies dormant and it becomes manageable with a healthy immune system.
What diseases are caused by viruses?
Smallpox The common cold Measles Chickenpox Hepatitis Influenza Human papilloma virus Shingles Herpes Polio Rabies Ebola HIV (virus that causes AIDS) Cold sores
VirusesHow are viruses prevented and treated? Viral infections require either vaccinations to prevent them or
antiviral drugs to treat them.
Vaccinations are generally the cheapest and most effective way to prevent viruses.
Currently, vaccinations exist for polio, measles, mumps, rubella, and smallpox among others.
In fact, vaccinations have been instrumental in eliminating diseases such as smallpox and reducing other viral diseases to extremely rare status.
Virus vaccinations consist of a weakened form of the virus (live-attenuated viruses) or viral proteins called antigens.
Viral Diseases The Common Cold There may be over 200 different viruses responsible Carried into the nose and throat most
of the time Stress, allergies,
and menstrual cycles appear to increase susceptibility
Viral Diseases Influenza (flu) Symptoms include aches and pains, nausea, diarrhea, fever,
and cold like ailments In healthy people, it is usually not serious However, when
combined with other disorders, among the elderly, those with respiratory or heart disease, children under 5 the flu can be very serious
Viral Diseases Mononucleosis (mono or the kissing disease) Symptoms include sore throat, fever, headache, nausea, chills,
weakness or tiredness, lymph nodes may swell, jaundice, spleen enlargement, aching joints, and body rashes may occur
May be transmitted through body fluids but does not appear to be easily contracted through normal, everyday contact
Viral Diseases Hepatitis Causes inflammation of the liver Symptoms include fever, headache, nausea, loss of
appetite, skin rashes, pain in the upper right abdomen, dark yellow urine, and jaundice
Viral Diseases Hepatitis A (HAV)
Contracted from eating food or drinking water contaminated with human feces
Hepatitis B (HBV) Spread through body fluids, usually during unprotected sex Can lead to liver disease or liver cancer
Hepatitis C (HBC) Some cases can be traced from people who share needles, blood
transfusions or organ transplants Usually causes chronic infections and if not treated may cause cirrhosis of
the liver, liver cancer, or liver failure
Viral Diseases Measles Symptoms appear about 10 days after
exposure and include an itchy rash and a high fever and may lead to other problems such as rheumatic heart disease, kidney damage and neurological disorders
Can you answer the following questions?1. Which pathogen is curable with antibiotics?a. Fungus
b. Bacteria
c. Virus
d. Parasite
II. Which pathogen is manageable but will lie dormant in your system?
a. Fungus
b. Protozoa
c. Virus
d. Parasite
Other Pathogens Fungi Multicellular or unicellular primitive
plants that inhabit our environment Many are useful providing food such
as mushrooms and cheeses Some produce infections
Candidiasis (vaginal) Athlete’s foot Ringworm Jock itch
Other Pathogens Protozoa
Microscopic, single-celled organisms that can cause disease Trichomoniasis transmitted sexually
Giardiasis found in water
MalariaVia mosquitoes
Other Pathogens Parasitic Worms Usually associated with eating raw fish Cooking fish and other foods to high temperatures will kill the
worms and their eggs to prevent infestation Pinworms Tapeworms
Match the descriptions to the microorganisms
Microorganism DescriptionVirus Have a cell wall. Thousands of them can
fit onto a single full stop. Can reproduce on their own.
Bacteria Can only be seen with powerful microscopes. Cannot reproduce on their own. Take over living cells in order to reproduce.
Fungus Vary in size from microscopic to much larger organisms. Some grow on skin and can make skin red and sore. Can reproduce on their own.
Date and answer these in your Journal!
Match the descriptions to the microorganismsMicroorganism Description
Virus Can only be seen with powerful microscopes. Cannot reproduce on there own. Take over living cells in order to reproduce.
Bacteria Have a cell wall. Thousands of them can fit onto a single full stop. Can reproduce on their own.
Fungus Vary in size from microscopic to much larger organisms. Some grow on skin and can make skin red and sore. Can reproduce on their own.
SummaryThere are three types of microorganism _____, bacteria and fungi. Some microorganisms can cause _______. These microorganisms can _______ cells or produce _______. Our body has ________ to protect us from disease. Some disease are not caused by microorganisms, these are called __________ diseases.
disease defences lifestyle virus toxins damage
Unit 5: Prevention & Control of Disease
SummaryThere are three types of micro-organisms virus, bacteria and fungi. Some microorganisms can cause disease. These microorganisms can damage cells or produce toxins. Our body has defences to protect us from disease. Some disease are not caused by microorganisms, these are called lifestyle diseases.
disease defences lifestyle virus toxins damage
Unit 5: Prevention & Control of Disease