behailu defence ppt (final 4)
TRANSCRIPT
Masters Thesis Defense
Assessment of food security status of PSNP beneficiary households in Ethiopia: The case of Libokemkem woreda,
south Gondar zone.
Supervisor of thesis: Dr.Temesgen Tilahun
Behailu Shewangizaw
September, 2015
OUTLINEIntroduction
Background and statement of the problem Objectives of the study
Conceptual FrameworkMethodology
Selection of the study area Data type and source Method of data collection Sample size and sampling procedure Model specification and method of data analysis
Major Findings Household food security status Stunting (chronic malnutrition) Major coping strategies Determinants of household food security
Conclusion Recommendation
INTRODUCTION Food security recently applied to community, local,
household & individual level (Foster 1992).
Necessity to include nutrition into food security evolved over time (Quisumbing 1995) .
Food insecurity, malnutrition and vulnerability remain high in Ethiopia (WB 2014): 29 % absolute poor, 44 % suffer from chronic malnutrition, and 43 % vulnerable to absolute poverty.
CONT. Causes of food insecurity in Ethiopia?
poverty;weak institutions (market and land tenure); land degradation; insufficient landholding; low productivity rain fed agriculture; low off farm opportunities; population pressure; low literacy.
[Firehiwot 2007; Degefa 2002; Gebremedhin 2001; Devereux-2000; Masefield 2000; Hurni 1998]
STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM Previous food security studies focus on process indicators.
Studies on the nutritional status of children in PSNP woredas are not easily available
Attention to investigate the status of the linkage between food
security program (PSNP) and nutrition is not adequate .
Hence the main gap is to assess food security status of PSNP households using both process and outcome indicator: prevalence of food insecurity (access)prevalence of stunting (chronic malnutrition)
OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY
General Objective to assess the food security status of the PSNP beneficiary
households in Libokemkem district.
Specific Objectivemeasurement of prevalence of household food insecurity
(access);measurement of prevalence of stunting (chronic malnutrition);determinants of food insecurity; identify household coping strategies.
RESEARCH QUESTIONS
What does the PSNP beneficiary household food security (access to food) status look like in the study area?
What does the chronic malnutrition (stunting) rate of children under five look like in the area?
What are the factors affecting food security situation in the area? What are the main coping strategies in food shortage situation?
HYPOTHESES
Household food security status has a positive correlation with :-
use of chemical fertilizer, market distance, annual income, plough oxen, TLU,size of cultivated land, andsize of irrigated land;
while it is negatively associated with family size .
CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK
Basic serviceExtensionMarket PSNPConditional cash transfer
Livelihood assetsCultivated landLivestock, OxenIncomeIrrigation
Demographic FactorFamily size Education
Household activities
On/off farm activities
Non-farm activities
Access
Food availability
Utilization
Household food security and nutrition status
Food intake
Health status
METHODOLOGY Selection of study area
selection of Libokemkem district was purposive:
CFI districts [targeted by PSNP program];
frequent visit RRM (Rapid Response Mechanism)
Data source; Ethiopian mapping agency
CONT. Sample size and sampling procedures
two clusters of PSNP kebeles (case load)two kebeles were selected randomly
CONT.
sample size (Yamane1967):- n = N/1+N*(e)²Where: n- sample size, N -population size, e –sampling error (5%)
however, sample size scaled up to 171 (all pw in Birkute)increase number of childmanageable
finally systemic random sampling to select respondents
Sample Kebeles Total PW - HH Sample size (PPS)Ginazana Selqisa 149 96Birkute 75 48 Total 224 144
CONT. Data type
Quantitative; & Qualitative .
Data source. Primary; Secondary.
Data collection methods: Household survey questionnaire; Focus group discussion; Key informant interview; Observation; & Analysis of relevant documents.
CONT. Model specification and analysis
Household Food Insecurity Access Scale (HFIAS):to measure household food insecurity status
Child Anthropometry:to measure stunting (chronic malnutrition) status
Multiple Logistic Regression Model: flexible and easily used function; meaningful interpretation, and simpler in estimation (Nelson 1984). to identify the determinants of food security status.
CONT. Mixed data analysis method
Quantitative data analysis descriptive statistical techniques; inferential statistics (simple regression using T-test as
well as maximum likelihood estimate of logit model).
Qualitative data analysis narrated to substantiate quantitative findings;
qualitative data was reduced according to similar patterns of characteristics: major sources of food; households’ coping strategies; reasons to sell most of agricultural products...
MAJOR FINDINGS Household food security status
13.75 % (n=22) food secure86.25 % (n=138) food insecure
CONT. Measurement of Prevalence of Stunting
not stunted 17; moderately 4; and severely 41
CONT.
Stunning by food security status 11 food secure ; 34 food insecure
CONT. Stunting by sex
N = 62 [F 29, M 33] 2 out of 3 were admitted for Out Patient Therapeutic Feeding (Birkute HP).
CONT Major coping strategies
CONT. Distribution by Coping Stages
Source: Adopted from MOH (2011)
Coping Stages Marked by PercentStage 1 Insurance Strategies Reversible strategies 77.5
Stage 2 Crisis Strategies IMarked by the sale of non productive assets 16.88
Stage 3 Crisis Strategies IIMarked by sale of productive assets 5.63
CONT. Distribution by coping stages
CONTDeterminants of food security
The maximum likelihood estimate of logit model
*** p<0.01, ** p<0.05, * p<0.1
Variable Estimated Coefficient Odds Ratio Std.
Err.
Significance Level
Family Size -.853 0.426 .17961 0.043**
Cultivable Land 6.775 875.724 2140.93
0.006***
Irrigated Land 16.707 61.222 1.5938 0.004 ***
Market Distance .572 1.772 .4058 0.012 **
Education -.737 .478 .2952 0.232
TLU .349 1.418 .8006 0.536
Annual Income .0001 1.000 .0003 0.63
CONCLUSION The farming systems is constrained by:
demographic, biophysical, socioeconomic , and technological factors
Lack of sources of employment opportunities other than on-farm activities was found one of the challenges;
The majority of study households are food insecure; &
The prevalence of chronic malnutrition is also higher.
RECOMMENDATION
Shift from short term support scheme to livelihood based and development oriented approach;
Improving productivity through technology based approach: ss irrigation...
Strengthening complimentarity between PSNP and other development initiatives;
Livelihood diversifications to improve food access through:on farm;off-farm;non-farm business; employment pathway in the local labor markets;
RECOMMENDATION Appropriate development interventions toward women:
increase women’s income earning opportunities;
reducing their work load;
IGS and decision making at household level.
Targeted intervention within the ongoing FSP [ PSNP] :pregnant and lactating mothers;and child.
RECOMMENDATION Linking the PSNP cash/food transfer with non food
contributors of nutrition:
social transformation process through
social behavioral change approach:family planning;nutrition promotion…
Thank y u!!!