before and after project
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Before and After ProjectErin Mares
ED 546 and 548July 17, 2009
Mnemonic AidBefore After
Change the mixed number into an improper fraction.
7 ¾ What do I do next?
7x4+3 First, place a multiplication sign
between the whole number and the denominator
remembering that multiplication produces larger number, making the number heavy, therefore on the bottom.
Next, place an addition sign between the whole number and the numerator,
remembering that adding produces smaller numbers than multiplication, making the number lighter, therefore, on top.
Text: Graphics for Learning Course Objective 3
What is a Mnemonic Aid and Why Would You Use It?
Many times we work through problem after problem with our students in math and we think that they should be getting it because they have been exposed to it over and over. Math is so complex and something more is needed.
A Mnemonic Aid is a very powerful memory retrieval device.
Examples: ROYGBIV (colors of the rainbow), PEMDAS (order of operations), DMSCBR (steps used to divide
You may be using these in your daily teaching and not even know it!
BackloadingBefore After
After
Text: Deciding What to Teach and Test Course Objective 1 &4
Why Use Backloading?Why not create the test before you even
begin teaching?This will allow for alignment throughout the
entire unit. You will only be teaching what you are testing and what you are testing should be what they learned.
test=curriculum
Organizational GraphicDefinitions of Parts and
FunctionsMatrix of Respiratory
System Nose- used for smelling and
breathing Lungs- used for breathing and
fighting against infections Trachea- carries air between
the lungs and upper respiratory
Air Sac- oxygen passes through air into blood and then through larger veins which carry to the heart
Diaphragm- an inhalation muscle system
Part nose lungs trachea Air sac diaphragm
Characteristics
Smell and sense of directions
Main organ
Also known as windpipe
Found in lungs
Gas exchange with blood
Dome-shaped muscle
Function Used for breathing and smelling
Oxygen taken in and carbon dioxide breathed out
Filters the air we breathe
Air that passes through into larger veins which carries to the heart
Contracts and expands to allow for air to reach the lungs
BEFORE AFTER
Text: Graphics for Learning Course Objective 3
Organizational Graphics Keep you Organized
What is a Matrix? A matrix is a two-dimensional display of information that allows the viewer to quickly compare feature differences among different things.
More relational learning takes placeMatrices use fewer words and physically
organize ideas by topic and categories
The Respiratory SystemBefore: Text Alone After: Text with
Representational Graphics Oxygen enters the respiratory system through the
mouth and the nose. The oxygen then passes through the larynx (where speech sounds are produced) and the trachea which is a tube that enters the chest cavity. In the chest cavity, the trachea splits into two smaller tubes called the bronchi. Each bronchus then divides again forming the bronchial tubes. The bronchial tubes lead directly into the lungs where they divide into many smaller tubes which connect to tiny sacs called alveoli.. The inhaled oxygen passes into the alveoli and then diffuses through the capillaries into the arterial blood. Meanwhile, the waste-rich blood from the veins releases its carbon dioxide into the alveoli. The carbon dioxide follows the same path out of the lungs when you exhale.
The diaphragm's job is to help pump the carbon dioxide out of the lungs and pull the oxygen into the lungs. The diaphragm is a sheet of muscles that lies across the bottom of the chest cavity. As the diaphragm contracts and relaxes, breathing takes place. When the diaphragm contracts, oxygen is pulled into the lungs. When the diaphragm relaxes, carbon dioxide is pumped out of the lungs.
Oxygen enters the respiratory system through the mouth and the nose. The oxygen then passes through the larynx (where speech sounds are produced) and the trachea which is a tube that enters the chest cavity. In the chest cavity, the trachea splits into two smaller tubes called the bronchi. Each bronchus then divides again forming the bronchial tubes. The bronchial tubes lead directly into the lungs where they divide into many smaller tubes which connect to tiny sacs called alveoli.. The inhaled oxygen passes into the alveoli and then diffuses through the capillaries into the arterial blood. Meanwhile, the waste-rich blood from the veins releases its carbon dioxide into the alveoli. The carbon dioxide follows the same path out of the lungs when you exhale.
The diaphragm's job is to help pump the carbon dioxide out of the lungs and pull the oxygen into the lungs. The diaphragm is a sheet of muscles that lies across the bottom of the chest cavity. As the diaphragm contracts and relaxes, breathing takes place. When the diaphragm contracts, oxygen is pulled into the lungs. When the diaphragm relaxes, carbon dioxide is pumped out of the lungs.
Text: e-learning and the Science of InstructionCourse Objectives 2 & 3
Text vs. Text and GraphicsIncluding graphics with text helps the learner
visualize the text and build a mental model.“People are more likely to understand
material when they can engage in active learning.”
Making connectionsMake sure that your graphic supports the
textBeware of “decorative graphics”- They do not
improve learning. They are more of an eye candy.
FadingBefore After
Worked Example #1: 2/3+1/4Worked Example #2: 5/8+1/3 Show all steps of how to
solve each problemAssign practice
problems
Worked Example #1: 2/3+1/41st- Show all steps of how to
solve problem2nd- Show steps of how to
solve most of the problem. Leave the last two steps for student to solve
Assign 5/8+1/3 and let student solve entire problem on their own
Text: e-Learning and the Science of Instruction Course Objective 2
What is Fading and How Would you Use it in Your Classroom?
When teaching math we show, show and show how to work through a problem. Have you ever thought about letting your students finish what you have started?
Step 1: Complete entire math problem with students. How many you do will depend on the learner.
Step 2: Complete most steps to a math problem and leave a couple of steps for the student to complete.
Step 3: Eventually, the student should be able to complete the entire problem on their own.
Fading applies to all content areas
Absorb, Do, ConnectBefore After
Give directions on how to take your pulse
Observe as students take their pulse
Absorb: Presentation by a certified trainer on exercise and taking your pulse
Do: Practice taking your pulse with a partner
Connect: Watch trainer take pulse before and after a short walk or run
Text: E-Learning by Design Course Objective #4
Activities for your ClassroomAbsorb Activities: Read, watch, and listen
Do Activities: Practice, explore, and discover
Connect Activities: Connect learning to life, work and prior learning