beef and dairy cattle. objectives: 1.label the parts of cattle 2.define key terms associated with...
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Beef and Dairy Cattle
Objectives:
1. Label the parts of cattle
2. Define key terms associated with cattle
3. Detail the history of cattle
4. Explain the economic importance of cattle in the US and the world
Key Terms
Calf: a baby
Bull: an intact adult male
Cow: a female that has given birth
Heifer: a female that has not given birth, usually under 1 year
Steer: castrated male
Key Terms
Cull: to remove inferior animals from a herd (usually sent to slaughter)
Veal: meat from young animals (6mo)
Wean: to remove a baby from mother to start on solid food.
Origin and History of Cattle
2 types of cattle developed around the world: Bos indicus (humped cattle)
Developed in AsiaBos taurus (European breeds)
Developed in Europe
Domesticated around: 6000 BCEdraft, meat, milkmeasure of wealth in communitiesselective and cross breeding early on (different breeds)
History of Cattle
Not native to USColumbus, 1493Portuguese traders 1553English Larger number in 1611Spanish longhorns in Mexico 1521
Economic Importance
Dairy:Milk production is the second largest animal
enterprise in the US ($ sales)The average American uses just over 570 lbs of
milk and dairy products each year.There are about 10 million cows in the US that
produce about 148 million lbs of milk a year.Veal productionOld cows sold for beef (ground)
Economic Importance
Dairy:Dairy operations come in 2 types: Class A and
Class BClasses refer to how the milk intended to be used:
Class A produced under strict standards Intended for fluid milk (like we drink)
Class BCan be produced under less strict standardsIndented to be used to make butter, cheese, ice
cream, and dry milk.
Economic Importance
Beef Cattle:#1 red-meat production industry in USAmericans eat about 96lbs of beef per year.
(total meat consumption is 245lb)Sales over $40 billion in cattle and calvesApproximately 100 million head of cattle and
calvesTX, NE, KS, CO, IA, CA leaders in beef salesCattle by products are used everyday.
Types of Beef Operations
Purebred Breeders:
Focus on improving genetic traits
Raise replacement animals for other purebred operators and those who want to improve herd genetics
Types of Beef Operations
Cow-Calf Operations
Serve to produce feeder calves for slaughterLocated in upper Great PlainsUsually sell calves to a feed-lot to fatten before
slaughterOften use purebred bulls
Types of Beef Operations
Slaughter Cattle or Feedlot Operations
Buy calves from cow-calf operations and feed them until they reach slaughter weight.
Located in the mid-west